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Scotch Pine

Pinus sylvestris L.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Pinus sylvestris L.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022
Reference taxon from Conifer Database in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Pinus sylvestris
Species recognized by Global Wood Density Database, wikipedia 中文维基百科, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia русскую Википедию, wikipedia NL, wikipedia POL, wikipedia VI, wikipedia CZ, Pignatti, 1982, wikipedia FI, wikipedia NO, wikipedia RO, wikipedia UK, wikipedia CA, wikipedia SV, wikipedia TR, Andorra Species List, Armenia Species List, Austria Species List, Australia Species List, Belgium Species List, Brazil Species List, Bulgaria Species List, Canada Species List, China Species List, Czech Republic Species List, Denmark Species List, Estonia Species List, Finland Species List, France Species List, Georgia Species List, Germany Species List, Greece Species List, Hungary Species List, Ireland Species List, Isle of Man Species List, Italy Species List, Liechtenstein Species List, Lithuania Species List, Luxembourg Species List, Mongolia Species List, Montenegro Species List, New Zealand Species List, Norway Species List, Poland Species List, Portugal Species List, Romania Species List, Russia Species List, Serbia Species List, Slovakia Species List, Slovenia Species List, Spain Species List, Sweden Species List, Switzerland Species List, The Netherlands Species List, Turkey Species List, Ukraine Species List, United Kingdom Species List, Japan Species List, wikipedia EU, wikipedia CY, Mexico Species List, North Atlantic Species List, North Pacific Species List, wikipedia AST, wikipedia AZ, wikipedia LT, wikipedia ET, wikipedia hr Croatian, wikipedia DA, wikipedia SK, wikipedia NN, wikipedia LV, wikipedia IS, wikipedia SL, wikipedia HSB, wikipedia PMS, wikipedia GA, NCBI, wikipedia EO, wikipedia emerging languages, wikipedia gl Galician, TRY summarized records, United States Species List, and The US National Vegetation Classification USNVC
Pinus sylvestris
Recognized by Arctic Vascular Plants, CalPhotos, Ori Fragman's TrekNature gallery, Fire Effects Information System Plants, Arkive, Biopix Nature Photos, Fire Effects Information System (USDA), and ECOCROP
Pinus sylvestris L.
Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1, GBIF classification, Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species, GBIF national node type records UK, and GBIF national node type records Germany
Pinus sylvestris L.
Recognized by Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel, Ecomare, and Silvics of North America
Pinus sylvestris L. (1753)
Recognized by IABIN
Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus
Recognized by eFloras
Pinus sylvestris
Species recognized by wikidata_hierarchy tar gz, wikipedia DE, wikipedia ES, wikipedia IT, wikipedia PT, wikipedia FR, USDA PLANTS images, wikipedia EN, Wikidata Common Names, Wikipedia (inferred records), Wikimedia Commons, Barcode of Life Data Systems, Simpson et al 2020, BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, and Global Biotic Interactions
Pinus sylvestris
Recognized by North American Flora, Flickr Group, Flickr BHL, USDA PLANTS text, Tree carbon estimates, MADtraits, and Global Biotic Interactions
Pinus sylvestris L.
Species recognized by IUCN, Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023, iNaturalist, USDA Plants data, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy, and Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test
Pinus sylvestris L.
Recognized by Plant Forms, Habitat and Distribution and BROT plant trait database for Mediterranean

Alternative Names

Pinus kochiana Klotzsch
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Pinus resinosa Savi
Heterotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris subsp. mongolica (Litv.) Silba
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification (Originally found in sources as doubtful taxon within Pinus sylvestris L.)
Pinus sylvestris var. flava Castigl.
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris var. haguenensis Lawson
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris var. iberica
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris var. novo-caesariensis Castigl.
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris var. pyrenaica
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris var. scariosa Lodd.
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification
Pinus sylvestris var. turfosa Willk.
Homotypic synonym according to GBIF classification

Common Names

English

Scotch Pine preferred
Recognized by Silvics of North America and Wikidata Common Names
Scots pine
prefer
Recognized by Fire Effects Information System Plants, Arkive, Flickr BHL, USDA PLANTS images, Wikidata Common Names, and Simpson et al 2020
Scots Pine preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
scots pine
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Arabic

صنوبر بري preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Aragonese

Pin royo preferred
Recognized by admin

Armenian

սոճի սովորական preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Asturian

pinu roxu preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Azerbaijani

Meşə şamı preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Bashkir

Ҡарағай preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Basque

Ler gorria
prefer
Recognized by admin
Pinu gorri preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Belarusian

Хвоя звычайная preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Bosnian

Bijeli bor preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Bulgarian

Бял бор
prefer
Recognized by admin
бял бор preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Catalan; Valencian

Pi roig
prefer
Recognized by admin
pi roig preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Chinese

歐洲赤松
prefer
Recognized by admin
欧洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Chuvash

Хыр
prefer
Recognized by admin
Хырă preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Croatian

Obični bor preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Czech

borovice lesní preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Danish

Skovfyr preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Dutch; Flemish

Grove den preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
grove den
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Esperanto

arbara pino preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Estonian

Harilik mänd
prefer
Recognized by admin
harilik mänd preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Finnish

Mänty
prefer
Recognized by admin
Metsämänty
prefer
Recognized by admin
metsämänty preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

French

pin sylvestre
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
Pin sylvestre preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Galician

Piñeiro rubio preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Georgian

ფიჭვი
prefer
Recognized by admin
ჩვეულებრივი ფიჭვი preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

German

Gemeine Kiefer
prefer
Recognized by admin
Föhre preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Gewöhnliche Kiefer
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Rot-Kiefer
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Wald-Kiefer
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
Waldkiefer
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names (prefers this name)

Greek, Modern (1453-)

Δασική πεύκη preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Haitian; Haitian Creole

Pye pen preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Hebrew

אורן היערות preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Hungarian

Erdeifenyő
prefer
Recognized by admin
erdeifenyő preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Icelandic

Skógarfura preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Ido

Pinastro preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ingush

ДукхагӀа яьржа дийхк preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Irish

Giumais
prefer
Recognized by admin
péine Albanach preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Italian

Pino rosso preferred
Recognized by Pignatti, 1982
Pino silvestre
prefer
Recognized by Pignatti, 1982
pino silvestre
prefer
Recognized by admin

Japanese

ヨーロッパアカマツ preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Kashubian

Sosna preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Kazakh

Кәдімгі қарағай preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Kildin Sami

пе̄дзь preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Komi

Миян пожум preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Korean

구주소나무 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Latvian

Parastā priede preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Lithuanian

Paprastoji pušis preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Livvi

Pedäi preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Lower Sorbian

Pěskowa chójca preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch

Fatzeg Dänn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Macedonian

бел бор preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Northern Sami

Beahci
prefer
Recognized by admin
beahci preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Norwegian

Furu preferred
Recognized by admin
furu preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Ossetian; Ossetic

Пичъи preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Persian

کاج اسکاتلندی preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Polish

Sosna zwyczajna
prefer
Recognized by admin
sosna zwyczajna preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Portuguese

Pinheiro-da-escócia preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan

Pin de pădure
prefer
Recognized by admin
pin de pădure preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Romansh

Tieu da guaud preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Russian

Сосна обыкновенная preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
Sosna obiknovennaya
prefer
Recognized by admin

Sakha

Ойуур бэһэ preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Scots

Scots Pine preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Scottish Gaelic

Guithais preferred
Recognized by admin

Serbian

Бели бор
prefer
Recognized by admin
бели бор preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Shambala

Bijeli bor preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Slovak

Borovica sosnová
prefer
Recognized by admin
Borovica lesná preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Spanish; Castilian

pino silvestre preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin
Rdeči bor preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Swedish

Tall
prefer
Recognized by admin
tall preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Turkish

Sarıçam preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names and admin

Ukrainian

Сосна звичайна
prefer
Recognized by admin
сосна звичайна preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Unspecified

biehtse preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
biehtsie preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
bietsie preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
peeci preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
pieʹcc preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Upper Sorbian

Pěskowa chójna preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Walloon

Pin silvesse preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Welsh

Ffynidwydd
prefer
Recognized by admin
Pinwydden yr Alban preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Wu

欧洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Arz

صنوبر برى preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Azb

ساریچام preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Sgs

Pošės preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Sr Ec

Бели бор preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Sr El

Beli bor preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Vls

Geweune pynboom preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Vro

Petäi preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Yue

歐洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Cn

欧洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Hans

欧洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Hant

歐洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Hk

歐洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names

Zh Tw

歐洲赤松 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata Common Names
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Curated hierarchies for Pinus sylvestris L.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy April 2022

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Gymnosperms
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Pinus amamiana Koidz.
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus attenuata Lemmon
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.
Pinus balfouriana Balf.
Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Pinus bhutanica Grierson
Pinus brutia Ten.
Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
Pinus canariensis C. Sm.
Pinus caribaea Morelet
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembroides Zucc.
Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
Pinus cubensis Griseb.
Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman
Pinus dalatensis Ferré
Pinus densata Mast.
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus densithunbergii Uyeki
Pinus devoniana Lindl.
Pinus douglasiana Martínez
Pinus durangensis Martínez
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus edulis Engelm.
Pinus elliottii Engelm.
Pinus engelmannii Carrière
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.
Pinus flexilis E. James
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
Pinus glabra Walter
Pinus halepensis Mill.
Pinus hartwegii Lindl.
Pinus heldreichii H. Christ
Pinus henryi Mast.
Pinus herrerae Martínez
Pinus hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia
Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus jeffreyi Balf.
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus krempfii Lecomte
Pinus lambertiana Douglas
Pinus latteri Mason
Pinus lawsonii Roezl ex Gordon
Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey
Pinus luchuensis Mayr
Pinus lumholtzii B. L. Rob & Fernald
Pinus luzmariae Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.
Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata
Pinus mugo Turra
Pinus muricata D. Don
Pinus neilreichiana Reichardt
Pinus nelsonii Shaw
Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold
Pinus palustris Mill.
Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus peuce Griseb.
Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pinus pinceana Gordon
Pinus pinea L.
Pinus praetermissa Styles & McVaugh
Pinus pringlei Shaw
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel
Pinus pungens Lamb.
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw.
Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus remota (Little) D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus resinosa Aiton
Pinus rhaetica Brügger
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & M. Caball.
Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus serotina Michx.
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus tabuliformis Carrière
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry
Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Pinus tropicalis Morelet
Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC.
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
Pinus wangii H. H. Hu & W. C. Cheng
Pinus yunnanensis Franch.
12 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Catalogue of Life 7 February 2023

Biota
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Pinus amamiana Koidz.
Pinus aristata Engelm.
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.
Pinus balfouriana Balf.
Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Pinus bhutanica Grierson
Pinus brutia Ten.
Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
Pinus canariensis C. Sm.
Pinus caribaea Morelet
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembroides Zucc.
Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
Pinus coulteri D. Don
Pinus cubensis Griseb.
Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman
Pinus dalatensis Ferré
Pinus densata Mast.
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus densithunbergii Uyeki
Pinus devoniana Lindl.
Pinus douglasiana Martínez
Pinus durangensis Martínez
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus edulis Engelm.
Pinus engelmannii Carrière
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.
Pinus flexilis E. James
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
Pinus glabra Walter
Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.
Pinus hakkodensis Makino
Pinus halepensis Mill.
Pinus hartwegii Lindl.
Pinus heldreichii H. Christ
Pinus henryi Mast.
Pinus hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia
Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus krempfii Lecomte
Pinus lambertiana Douglas
Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus lumholtzii B. L. Rob & Fernald
Pinus luzmariae Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.
Pinus montezumae Lamb.
Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata
Pinus mugo Turra
Pinus muricata D. Don
Pinus neilreichiana Reichardt
Pinus nelsonii Shaw
Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold
Pinus occidentalis Sw.
Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.
Pinus palustris Mill.
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pinus pinea L.
Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson
Pinus praetermissa Styles & McVaugh
Pinus pringlei Shaw
Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel
Pinus pungens Lamb.
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw.
Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus remota (Little) D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus resinosa Aiton
Pinus rhaetica Brügger
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & M. Caball.
Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus serotina Michx.
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Pinus squamata X. W. Li
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus tabuliformis Carrière
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus taiwanensis Hayata
Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry
Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière
Pinus tropicalis Morelet
Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC.
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
Pinus wangii H. H. Hu & W. C. Cheng
Pinus yunnanensis Franch.
12 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2.2 - Test

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Gymnosperms
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Pinus amamiana Koidz.
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus attenuata Lemmon
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.
Pinus balfouriana Balf.
Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Pinus bhutanica Grierson
Pinus brutia Ten.
Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
Pinus canariensis C. Sm.
Pinus caribaea Morelet
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembroides Zucc.
Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
Pinus cubensis Griseb.
Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman
Pinus dalatensis Ferré
Pinus densata Mast.
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus densithunbergii Uyeki
Pinus devoniana Lindl.
Pinus douglasiana Martínez
Pinus durangensis Martínez
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus edulis Engelm.
Pinus elliottii Engelm.
Pinus engelmannii Carrière
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.
Pinus flexilis E. James
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
Pinus glabra Walter
Pinus halepensis Mill.
Pinus hartwegii Lindl.
Pinus heldreichii H. Christ
Pinus henryi Mast.
Pinus herrerae Martínez
Pinus hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia
Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus jeffreyi Balf.
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus krempfii Lecomte
Pinus lambertiana Douglas
Pinus latteri Mason
Pinus lawsonii Roezl ex Gordon
Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey
Pinus luchuensis Mayr
Pinus lumholtzii B. L. Rob & Fernald
Pinus luzmariae Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.
Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata
Pinus mugo Turra
Pinus muricata D. Don
Pinus neilreichiana Reichardt
Pinus nelsonii Shaw
Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold
Pinus palustris Mill.
Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus peuce Griseb.
Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pinus pinceana Gordon
Pinus pinea L.
Pinus praetermissa Styles & McVaugh
Pinus pringlei Shaw
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel
Pinus pungens Lamb.
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw.
Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus remota (Little) D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus resinosa Aiton
Pinus rhaetica Brügger
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & M. Caball.
Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus serotina Michx.
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus tabuliformis Carrière
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry
Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Pinus tropicalis Morelet
Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC.
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
Pinus wangii H. H. Hu & W. C. Cheng
Pinus yunnanensis Franch.
12 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Gymnosperms
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Pinus amamiana Koidz.
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus attenuata Lemmon
Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl.
Pinus balfouriana Balf.
Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Pinus bhutanica Grierson & et al.
Pinus brutia Ten.
Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
Pinus canariensis C. Sm.
Pinus caribaea Morelet
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembroides Zucc.
Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
Pinus cubensis Griseb.
Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman
Pinus dalatensis Ferré
Pinus densata Mast.
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus densithunbergii Uyeki
Pinus devoniana Lindl.
Pinus douglasiana Martinez
Pinus durangensis Martinez
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus edulis Engelm.
Pinus elliottii Engelm.
Pinus engelmannii Carrière
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.
Pinus flexilis E. James
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
Pinus glabra Walter
Pinus halepensis Mill.
Pinus hartwegii Lindl.
Pinus heldreichii H. Christ
Pinus henryi Mast.
Pinus herrerae Martinez
Pinus hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia
Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus jeffreyi Balf.
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus krempfii Lecomte
Pinus lambertiana Douglas
Pinus latteri Mason
Pinus lawsonii Roezl ex Gordon
Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey
Pinus luchuensis Mayr
Pinus lumholtzii B. L. Rob & Fernald
Pinus luzmariae Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.
Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata
Pinus mugo Turra
Pinus muricata D. Don
Pinus neilreichiana Reichardt
Pinus nelsonii Shaw
Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold
Pinus palustris Mill.
Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus peuce Griseb.
Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pinus pinceana Gordon
Pinus pinea L.
Pinus praetermissa Styles & Mc Vaugh
Pinus pringlei Shaw
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel
Pinus pungens Lamb.
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw.
Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus remota (Little) D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus resinosa Aiton
Pinus rhaetica Brügger
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinus rzedowskii Madrigal & M. Caball.
Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus serotina Michx.
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus tabuliformis Carrière
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry
Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Pinus tropicalis Morelet
Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC.
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
Pinus wangii H. H. Hu & W. C. Cheng
Pinus yunnanensis Franch.
12 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

GBIF classification

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus L.
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven
Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv.
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Pinus amamiana Koidz.
Pinus aristata Engelm.
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus attenuata Lemmon
Pinus balfouriana Balf.
Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Pinus bhutanica Grierson, D. G. Long & C. N. Page
Pinus brutia Ten.
Pinus canariensis C. Sm.
Pinus caribaea Morelet
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembroides Zucc.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
Pinus coulteri D. Don
Pinus cubensis Griseb. & Carab.
Pinus culminicola Andresen & Beaman
Pinus dalatensis Ferre
Pinus densata Masters
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus densithunbergii Uyeki
Pinus devoniana Lindl.
Pinus douglasiana Martínez
Pinus durangensis Martínez
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus engelmannii Carrière
Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.
Pinus flexilis E. James
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
Pinus glabra Walter
Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.
Pinus hakkodensis Makino
Pinus halepensis Mill.
Pinus hartwegii Lindl.
Pinus heldreichii Christ
Pinus henryi Masters
Pinus herrerae Martínez
Pinus hwangshanensis W. Y. Hsia
Pinus jaliscana Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus lambertiana Dougl.
Pinus latteri Mason
Pinus lawsonii Roezl ex Gordon & Glend.
Pinus leiophylla Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey
Pinus luchuensis Mayr
Pinus lumholtzii B. L. Rob. & Fernald
Pinus luzmariae Pérez de la Rosa
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fremont
Pinus montezumae Lamb.
Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus morrisonicola Hayata
Pinus mugo Turra
Pinus mugo × Pinus sylvestris
Pinus mugo × Pinus sylvestris
Pinus muricata D. Don
Pinus neilreichiana Reichardt
Pinus nelsonii Shaw
Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold
Pinus occidentalis Sw.
Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.
Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus peuce Griseb.
Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pinus pinceana Gordon
Pinus pinea L.
Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson
Pinus praetermissa Styles & Mc Vaugh
Pinus pringlei Shaw
Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.
Pinus pumila Regel
Pinus pungens Lamb.
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw.
Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus remota (Little) D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus resinosa Aiton
Pinus rhaetica Brügger
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus roxburghii Sarg.
Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus serotina Michx.
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Pinus squamata X. W. Li
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus tabuliformis
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus tecunumanii F. Schwerdtf. ex Eguiluz & J. P. Perry
Pinus teocote Cham. & Schltdl.
Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière
Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC.
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
Pinus wangii Hu & W. C. Cheng
99 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Hierarchy

Plantae
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytina
Pinopsida
Pinidae
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus L.
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Pinus albicaulis Engelm.
Pinus aristata Engelm.
Pinus arizonica Engelm.
Pinus armandii Franch.
Pinus attenuata Lemmon
Pinus balfouriana Balf.
Pinus banksiana Lamb.
Pinus brutia Ten.
Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.
Pinus canariensis C. Sm.
Pinus caribaea Morelet
Pinus cembra L.
Pinus cembroides Zucc.
Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.
Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
Pinus coulteri D. Don
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus discolor D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus echinata Mill.
Pinus edulis Engelm.
Pinus elliottii Engelm.
Pinus engelmannii Carrière
Pinus flexilis E. James
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
Pinus glabra Walter
Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.
Pinus halepensis Mill.
Pinus heldreichii Christ
Pinus jeffreyi Balf.
Pinus johannis M. F. Robert
Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex K. Koch
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus lambertiana Douglas
Pinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe
Pinus longaeva D. K. Bailey
Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus merkusii Jungh. & Vriese ex Vriese
Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém.
Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don
Pinus mugo Turra
Pinus muricata D. Don
Pinus nigra Arnold
Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.
Pinus palustris Mill.
Pinus parviflora Siebold & Zucc.
Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.
Pinus peuce Griseb.
Pinus pinaster Aiton
Pinus pinea L.
Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel
Pinus pungens Lamb.
Pinus quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw.
Pinus radiata D. Don
Pinus remota (Little) D. K. Bailey & Hawksw.
Pinus resinosa Aiton
Pinus rigida Mill.
Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas
Pinus serotina Michx.
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
Pinus stankewiczii (Sukaczev) Fomin
Pinus strobiformis Engelm.
Pinus strobus L.
Pinus tabuliformis Carrière
Pinus taeda L.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière
Pinus uncinata Mill. ex Mirb.
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks.
Pinus × attenuradiata Stockw. & Righter
Pinus × murraybanksiana Righter & Stockw.
Pinus × sondereggeri H. H. Chapm.

IUCN

Plantae
Tracheophyta
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus sylvestris L. (this page)
Abies beshanzuensis M. H. Wu
Abies chensiensis subsp. salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Rushforth
Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica
Abies delavayi var. delavayi
Abies delavayi var. motuoensis W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu
Abies delavayi var. nukiangensis (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Farjon & Silba
Abies fabri subsp. fabri
Abies fabri subsp. minensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Rushforth
Abies fanjingshanensis W. L. Huang, Y. L. Tu & S. Z. Fang
Abies fargesii var. fargesii
Abies fargesii var. faxoniana (Rehd. & E. H. Wilson) T. S. Liu
Abies forrestii var. ferreana (Bordères & Gaussen) Farjon & Silba
Abies forrestii var. forrestii
Abies forrestii var. smithii Viguié & Gaussen
Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
Abies homolepis var. homolepis
Abies homolepis var. umbellata (Mayr) E. H. Wilson
Abies kawakamii (Hayata) T. Itô
Abies koreana E. H. Wilson
Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei
Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Coode & Cullen
Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana
Abies numidica de Lannoy ex Carrière
Abies pinsapo var. pinsapo
Abies recurvata var. ernestii (Rehd.) C. T. Kuan
Abies sachalinensis var. mayriana Miyabe & Kudô
Abies sachalinensis var. nemorensis Mayr
Abies sachalinensis var. sachalinensis
Abies sibirica subsp. sibirica
Abies veitchii var. veitchii
Abies vejarii var. macrocarpa Martínez
Abies yuanbaoshanensis Y. J. Lu & L. K. Fu
Abies ziyuanensis L. K. Fu & S. L. Mo
Cathaya argyrophylla Chun & Kuang
Keteleeria davidiana var. davidiana
Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana (Hayata) Hayata
Keteleeria fortunei (A. Murray bis) Carrière
Larix gmelinii var. gmelinii
Larix gmelinii var. japonica (Maxim. ex Regel) Pilg.
Larix gmelinii var. olgensis (A. Henry) Ostenf. & Syrach
Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) Pilg.
Larix mastersiana Rehd. & E. H. Wilson
Larix potaninii var. chinensis (Beissn.) L. K. Fu & Nan Li
Larix potaninii var. macrocarpa Y. W. Law
Larix potaninii var. potaninii
Picea alcoquiana var. alcoquiana
Picea asperata var. asperata
Picea asperata var. notabilis Rehd. & E. H. Wilson
Picea asperata var. ponderosa Rehd. & E. H. Wilson
Picea aurantiaca Mast.
Picea brachytyla (Franch.) E. Pritz.
Picea brachytyla var. brachytyla
Picea chihuahuana Martínez
Picea farreri C. N. Page & Rushforth
Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis (Mayr) P. A. Schmidt
Picea jezoensis subsp. jezoensis
Picea koraiensis var. koraiensis
Picea koyamae Shirasawa
Picea likiangensis var. likiangensis
Picea likiangensis var. rubescens Rehd. & E. H. Wilson
Picea linzhiensis (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Rushforth
Picea maximowiczii var. maximowiczii
Picea maximowiczii var. senanensis Hayashi
Picea neoveitchii Mast.
Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.
Picea schrenkiana subsp. schrenkiana
Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianschanica (Rupr.) Bykov
Pinus arizonica var. cooperi (C. E. Blanco) Farjon
Pinus armandii var. armandii
Pinus armandii var. dabeshanensis (W. C. Cheng & Y. W. Law) Silba
Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis (Griseb.) W. H. Barrett & Golfari
Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénécl.) W. H. Barrett & Golfari
Pinus elliottii var. densa Little & K. W. Dorman
Pinus massoniana var. hainanensis W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu
Pinus massoniana var. massoniana L
Pinus maximartinezii Rzed.
Pinus mugo subsp. rotundata (Link) Janch. & H. Neumayer
Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poir.) Maire
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra
Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe
Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco
Pinus parviflora var. parviflora
Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla (Mayr) A. Henry
Pinus patula var. longipedunculata Loock ex Martínez
Pinus patula var. patula
Pinus strobus var. chiapensis Martínez
Pinus tabuliformis var. mukdensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) Uyeki
Pinus tabuliformis var. tabuliformis
Pinus tabuliformis var. umbraculifera T. N. Liou & Q. L. Wang
Pinus taiwanensis var. fragilissima (Businský) Farjon
Pinus taiwanensis var. taiwanensis
Pinus wallichiana var. parva K. C. Sahni
Pinus wallichiana var. wallichiana
Pinus wangii Hu & W. C. Cheng
Pinus yunnanensis var. pygmaea (J. R. Xue) J. R. Xue
Pinus yunnanensis var. yunnanensis
Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn.
Tsuga chinensis var. chinensis
Tsuga forrestii Downie
Tsuga sieboldii Carrière
251 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.

NCBI

root
cellular organisms
Eukaryota
Viridiplantae
Streptophyta
Streptophytina
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Euphyllophyta
Spermatophyta
Acrogymnospermae
Pinopsida
Pinidae
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus
Pinus
Pinus sylvestris (this page)
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus arizonica
Pinus attenuata
Pinus banksiana
Pinus brutia
Pinus brutia × Pinus halepensis
Pinus canariensis
Pinus caribaea
Pinus clausa
Pinus contorta
Pinus coulteri
Pinus crassicorticea
Pinus cubensis
Pinus densata
Pinus densiflora
Pinus devoniana
Pinus douglasiana
Pinus durangensis
Pinus echinata
Pinus elliottii
Pinus engelmannii
Pinus fragilissima
Pinus georginae
Pinus glabra
Pinus greggii
Pinus halepensis
Pinus hartwegii
Pinus heldreichii
Pinus herrerae
Pinus hwangshanensis
Pinus jaliscana
Pinus jeffreyi
Pinus kesiya
Pinus latteri
Pinus lawsonii
Pinus leiophylla
Pinus luchuensis
Pinus lumholtzii
Pinus luzmariae
Pinus maestrensis
Pinus massoniana
Pinus maximinoi
Pinus merkusii
Pinus montezumae
Pinus mugo
Pinus muricata
Pinus nigra
Pinus nubicola
Pinus occidentalis
Pinus oocarpa
Pinus palustris
Pinus patula
Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinea
Pinus ponderosa
Pinus praetermissa
Pinus pringlei
Pinus pseudostrobus
Pinus pseudostrobus × Pinus montezumae
Pinus pungens
Pinus radiata
Pinus resinosa
Pinus rigida
Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda
Pinus rigida × Pinus × Pinus rigitaeda
Pinus roxburghii
Pinus sabiniana
Pinus serotina
Pinus tabuliformis
Pinus taeda
Pinus taiwanensis
Pinus tecunumanii
Pinus teocote
Pinus thunbergii
Pinus torreyana
Pinus tropicalis
Pinus virginiana
Pinus washoensis
Pinus yunnanensis
Pinus × rigitaeda

wikidata_hierarchy tar gz

Biota
Eukaryota
Plantae
Viridiplantae
Embryophyta
Tracheophyta
Pteridobiotina
Cycadophytanae
Pinophyta
Pinopsida
Pinales
Pinaceae
Pinus
Pinus subgen. Pinus
Pinus sect. Pinus
Pinus sylvestris (this page)
Pinus sylvestris f. compacta
Pinus sylvestris f. serpentina
Pinus sylvestris subsp. mongolica
Pinus sylvestris subsp. nevadensis
Pinus sylvestris subsp. sibirica
Pinus sylvestris subsp. ursina
Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea
Pinus sylvestris var. elicinii
Pinus sylvestris var. hamata
Pinus sylvestris var. maritima
Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica
Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis
Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris
Pinus densiflora
Pinus leucodermis
Pinus luchuensis
Pinus massoniana
Pinus merkusii
Pinus mugo
Pinus nigra
Pinus resinosa
Pinus sinensis
Pinus subsect. Leucodermes
Pinus subsect. Pinus
Pinus thunbergii
Pinus tropicalis
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