The hostplants are in the family Fabiacae. The main food plant of the caterpillars is alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
Adults will sip from mud puddles and take nectar from a variety of plant species, including alfalfa, clovers (Trifolium), milkweeds (Asclepias), selfheal (Prunella vulgaris), teasel (Depsacus sylvestris), peppermint (Mentha piperita), horseweed (Erigeron canadensis), purple coneflower (Echinacae pupurea), sunflower (Helianthus hirsutus), asters (Aster), and goldenrods (Solidago).
Plant Foods: leaves; nectar
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Nectarivore )
Other common names include alfalfa suphur, alfalfa caterpillar, Eurytheme, Eurytheme sulphur, orange clover butterfly, roadside sulphur, and Boisduvals sulphur.
Orange sulphurs find potential mates using their vision.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile
Perception Channels: visual ; ultraviolet; tactile
Orange sulphurs are stable rangewide.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
In laboratory experiments, orange sulphurs took 31 days to mature from eggs to adults. Scott (1984) reports that the third and fourth stage larvae hibernate, while Opler (1984) states that orange sulphurs overwinter as crysales.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis ; diapause
Orange sulphur caterpillars can be serious pests on alfalfa crops.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
Orange sulphurs provide enjoyment of people interested in butterfly watching.
Orange sulphurs serve as minor pollinators and prey for many species of predators.
Ecosystem Impact: pollinates
Orange sulphurs historically were a western species in the Nearctic region, but moved eastward across North America during the late 1800s due to logging and the planting of alfalfa fields. They now are found throughout North America to southern Mexico.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic
This species can be found in most any open area, including vacant lots, pastures, open fields, roadsides, and clover and alfalfa fields.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland
Other Habitat Features: urban ; suburban ; agricultural ; riparian
Captive adult females have been found to live up to 39 days. In Virginia during a mark-release-recapture study, wild adult females had a lifespan of 14 days, males 25. If they overwinter, their entire lifespan may be almost a year.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 1 (high) years.
The upper surface of the wings is primarily orange, although some females are white. The underside of the hindwing has a silver spot encircled by two red rings and a satellite spot. The upper surface of the males wings reflect ultraviolet, which is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome. Orange sulphurs are strongly polymorphic, and the general practice is if a sulphur has any orange on the wings at all it is called an orange sulphur. The average wing length of males is 2.4 cm, with a range of 2.1 - 2.8 cm. Average females wing length is 2.6 cm, with a range of 2.3 - 3.1 cm.
The cream colored eggs are spindle shaped and turn crimson with age.
The larvae are green with a white lateral band and faint green dorsal lines.
Range wingspan: 4.1 to 6.2 cm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry ; polymorphic
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; sexes colored or patterned differently
Predators of all life stages of butterflies include a variety of insect parasatoids. These wasps or flies will consume the body fluids first, and then eat the internal organs, ultimately killing the butterfly. Those wasps that lay eggs inside the host body include species in many different groups: Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Trichogrammatidae, and others. Trichogrammatids live inside the eggs, and are smaller than a pinhead. Certain flies (Tachinidae, some Sarcophagidae, etc.) produce large eggs and glue them onto the outside of the host larva, where the hatching fly larvae then burrow into the butterfly larvae. Other flies will lays many small eggs directly on the larval hostplants, and these are ingested by the caterpillars as they feed.
Most predators of butterflies are other insects. Praying mantis, lacewings, ladybird beetles, assasin bugs, carabid beetles, spiders, ants, and wasps (Vespidae, Pompilidae, and others) prey upon the larvae. Adult butterflies are eaten by robber flies, ambush bugs, spiders, dragonflies, ants, wasps (Vespidae and Sphecidae), and tiger beetles. The sundew plant is known to catch some butterflies.
There are also many vertebrate predators including lizards, frogs, toads, birds, mice, and other rodents.
Males spend their days patrolling their territories daily seeking females. They recognize the females visually, focusing on the coloration of the underside of the hindwing. The males are repelled by ultraviolet reflection on other males wings. Females appear not to care about the coloration of the males but ultraviolet reflection must be present, which helps reduce hybridization with yellow sulphurs Colias philodice that lack the reflection.
Female orange sulphurs begin to lay eggs when they have been adults for several days. In the lab they can lay up to 700 eggs. The eggs are laid singly in the middle of the upper surface of the host plant's leaf.
Breeding interval: Orange sulphurs have several broods throughout the warm seasons.
Range eggs per season: 700 (high) .
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous
There is no parental care given by adult butterflies.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement
Colias eurytheme, auch Alfalfa Butterfly,[1] ist ein Schmetterling aus der Familie der Weißlinge (Pieridae).
Colias eurytheme hat eine Flügelspannweite von 35 bis 60 Millimetern, manchmal auch bis 75 Millimeter, und eine Grundfärbung, die von leuchtend gelb bis orange geht. Gelbe Farbvarianten sind im Frühling häufiger anzutreffen. Es gibt auch cremig weiße Farbvarianten, diese sind aber sehr selten.[2] Diese sind in ihrem nördlichen Verbreitungsgebiet häufiger und betreffen fast nur die weiblichen Falter.[1] Die Flügelsäume sind bei Männchen und Weibchen dunkelbraun, wobei dieser beim Weibchen durch die gelbliche Grundfärbung unterbrochen ist. Ebenso befinden sich an den Außenrändern der Flügel dunkle aufgereihte Flecken. Auf der Oberseite des Vorderflügels befindet sich in der Mitte ein schwarzer Punkt, der unterseits blass durchscheint. Auf der Oberseite des Hinterflügels ist ein orangefarbener Fleck, der als wichtiges Bestimmungsmerkmal dient. Dieser ist auf der Unterseite, die gelblich-grün schimmert, nur schwach sichtbar. Weibliche Falter sind größer als die Männchen.[3] Die Falter der ersten und zweiten Generation im Frühling sind im Allgemeinen kleiner als die der Sommergeneration. Je kälter die Winter während des Puppenstadiums sind, umso dunkler ist die davon betroffene Generation, die Frühlingsgeneration, gefärbt. Sie sind auf der Unterseite der Hinterflügel dunkler und oberseits auf den Vorderflügeln am äußeren Rand gelber.[1]
Die Eier haben eine rötliche[2] oder grünliche[1] Cremefärbung[3] und dunkeln mit der Zeit zu einem kräftigeren Rot nach. Sie werden einzeln abgelegt.
Die Raupen sind dunkelgrün mit weißen, schwarzen und rosafarbenen Seitenstreifen. Die Art überwintert in ihrem dritten oder vierten Raupenstadium.[2] Sind die Raupen wenig Sonnenlicht ausgesetzt, entwickeln sie dunklere, schwarze seitliche Streifen.[1]
Die Puppe ist apfelgrün mit einem rosigen Schimmer,[2] oder gelblich-weißer und schwarzer Marmorierung sowie einer gelben Seitenbinde.[1]
Die Art ist in ganz Nordamerika vom südlichen Kanada bis Zentral-Mexiko verbreitet und bewohnt offene Felder, Ackerland, Wiesen und Grasebenen. Im Süden ihres Verbreitungsgebiets ist sie häufiger anzutreffen. In Florida kommt die Art nicht vor.
Männliche Falter fliegen Streifzüge in ihrem Revier, um nach Weibchen Ausschau zu halten. Diese werden durch optische Reize aufgrund der Färbung der Hinterflügel-Unterseite erkannt. Männchen stoßen sich durch eine UV-Reflexion der Flügel gegenseitig ab. Weibchen scheinen von der UV-Reflexion der Männchen angelockt zu werden. Dies verringert die Hybridisierung mit Colias philodice. Je heller die Farbvariation der weiblichen Falter ist, desto schneller sind sie in ihrer Entwicklung und können dadurch früher mehr Eier legen, was ihnen in ihrem nördlichen Verbreitungsgebiet einen enormen Fortpflanzungsvorteil einbringt. Ebenso werden diese Weibchen von den männlichen Faltern zur Paarung bevorzugt. Adulte Falter bevorzugen eine Temperatur von 35 bis 39 °C.[1]
Im nördlichen Teil ihres Verbreitungsgebietes fliegen sie in zwei bis drei Generationen von Juni bis Oktober, im Süden sind es vier bis fünf Generationen von März bis November.
Die Falter saugen Nektar von einer Vielzahl verschiedener Pflanzenarten wie Löwenzahn (Taraxacum, Leontodon), Seidenpflanzen (Asclepias), Goldruten (Solidago), Astern (Aster), Kleine Braunelle (Prunella vulgaris), Wilde Karde (Dipsacus sylvestris), Pfefferminze (Mentha piperita), Kanadisches Berufkraut (Erigeron canadensis), Sonnenhut (Echinacea purpurea) und Sonnenblume (Helianthus hirsutus). Sie saugen auch Wasser an Pfützen. Nachts findet man die Falter in kleinen Gruppen nahe dem Boden. Die Lebensdauer der Falter beträgt bis zu 39 Tage. Bei einer Studie in freier Wildbahn in Virginia hatten Weibchen eine Lebensspanne von 14 Tagen und Männchen von 25 Tagen. In Gefangenschaft wurden Falter ca. 1 Jahr alt.
Es werden bis zu 700 Eier mittig auf den Blättern der Wirtspflanze abgelegt. Unter Laborbedingungen dauerte es 31 Tage vom Schlüpfen der Raupen bis zum Falter.[1]
Die Raupen fressen meistens nachts an Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Weißem Steinklee (Melilotus albus), Weiß-Klee (Trifolium repens) und Hülsenfrüchten (Fabaceae) wie beispielsweise der Gattung Tragant (Astragalus).[1] Junge Raupen fressen Löcher in die Blattspitzen, während ältere Raupen die Blätter vom Rand der Blattspitze her fressen. Wenn die Hälfte des Blattes aufgefressen ist wechseln sie zum nächsten Blatt. Bei zu heißen oder zu kalten Temperaturen ziehen die Raupen sich tiefer in das Blattwerk der Wirtspflanze zurück. Sie bevorzugen Temperaturen zwischen 23 und 29 °C.[1]
Die Raupen gelten gebietsweise als Schädling, da sie teilweise große Schäden in Alfalfa-Feldern verursachen.
Colias eurytheme, auch Alfalfa Butterfly, ist ein Schmetterling aus der Familie der Weißlinge (Pieridae).
Colias eurytheme, the orange sulphur, also known as the alfalfa butterfly and in its larval stage as the alfalfa caterpillar, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae, where it belongs to the lowland group of "clouded yellows and sulphurs" subfamily Coliadinae. It is found throughout North America from southern Canada to Mexico.
Other members of this lineage including the common or clouded sulphur (C. philodice) and C. eriphyle and C. vitabunda, which are often included in C. philodice as subspecies. Hybridization runs rampant between these, making phylogenetic analyses exclusively utilizing one type of data (especially mtDNA sequences) unreliable. Therefore, little more can be said about its relationships, except that it is perhaps closer to C. (p.) eriphyle than generally assumed, strengthening the view that the latter should be considered a valid species.[2]
The orange sulphur's caterpillars feed off various species in the pea family (Fabaceae) and are usually only found feeding at night. Occasionally this species multiplies to high numbers, and can become a serious pest to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crops. The parasitoid wasp, Cotesia medicaginis can be used as a biocontrol agent against the caterpillars.[3]
C. eurytheme butterflies can be found from southern Mexico to almost all throughout North America. Historically, they were distributed primarily in the western Nearctic, but were displaced to the east by logging and alfalfa field planting.[4]
Male C. eurytheme hindwings demonstrate an ultraviolet reflectance pattern while female C. eurytheme hindwings demonstrate ultraviolet absorbing patterns. According to studies, these ultraviolet reflecting wing scales found in males also contain pterin pigments that absorb wavelengths below 550 nm. Although this may seem paradoxical, the pterin pigments have been found to decrease the amount of diffuse ultraviolet reflectance that comes from the wing scales. By suppressing the diffuse ultraviolet reflectance, the directionality and spectral purity of the iridescence is heightened. In addition, the presence of the pterin pigments increases the signal's chromaticity and potential signal content, suggesting that these pigments are responsible for amplifying the contrast between ultraviolet reflectance and background colors as a male's wings move during flight.[5] Further studies have found that the ultraviolet reflectance signal is brightest within a wing beat cycle when viewed from directly above the male. This supports the idea that male wing color should be able to be readily distinguished from that of females and the visual background that consists mostly of UV-absorbing vegetation.[6]
Studies have suggested that most of the genes controlling male courtship signals are inherited as a co-adapted gene complex on the X-chromosome. The X-chromosome carries most of the genes controlling production of 13-methyl heptacosane, the main component of pheromones involved in sexual selection, and the ultraviolet wing reflectance pattern. Expression of the ultraviolet wing reflectance pattern found in male C. eurytheme is controlled by a recessive allele on the X-chromosome. This trait is sex limited and not expressed in females of the same species.[7]
Unlike that of many other butterfly species, the courtship of C. eurytheme is very brief and does not involve many elaborate displays. Mature female butterflies participate in mate selection by utilizing a specific refusal posture that prevents any undesired mating with both conspecific and non-conspecific males.[8]
These butterflies exhibit a polyandrous mating system. Upon mating, male C. eurytheme donate a nutritious spermatophore to the female, which will erode over time as nutrients are extracted for egg production and somatic maintenance. Females have a refractory period during which time they do not mate, but after they have depleted their spermatophore, they will search for another one and thus look for a new mate. In this mating system, females re-mate once every 4 to 6 days in summer, and mate a lifetime total of up to four times.[9]
Male C. eurytheme have a visual cue (ultraviolet reflectance) and an olfactory cue (pheromones), both of which are suggested to be important in mate choice. Studies have suggested that pheromones may be more important in mediating female choice within a species, while ultraviolet reflectance may be more important in mediating female choice between species, such as between the very similar butterflies C. eurytheme and C. philodice.[10] The pheromone, located on the dorsal surface of the hindwing, consists of cuticular hydrocarbons n-heptacosane (C27), 13-methylheptacosane (13-MeC27), and possibly n-nonacosane (C29).[11] In addition, wing scales located on the dorsal wing surfaces in male C. eurytheme contain ridges with lamellae that produce iridescent ultraviolet reflectance via thin-film interference.[5]
C. eurytheme males rely on visual cues to locate and identify females. Instead of using chemical stimuli to find mates, males are attracted to the ultraviolet absorbing color of female hindwings. Studies have shown that males respond to paper dummies of the appropriate color and even attempt to mate with them. On the contrary, the ultraviolet reflection found on males strongly inhibits approaches from other males. This suggests that ultraviolet reflectance is also used by males as an inhibitory signal directed towards other males.[8]
Unlike sexual selection in males, visible color differences among males do not play an important role in mate selection by females. Females preferentially mate with males whose wings reflect ultraviolet light.[8] Studies have suggested that this trait was the strongest and most informative predictor of male courtship success. This may be because it has the potential to be an honest indicator of male condition, viability, and/or age.[10]
Due to the widespread cultivation of the alfalfa, the host plant for C. eurytheme and C. philodice, the species was able to expand their ranges across most of North America. These two species of sulphur butterflies have retained a large degree of genetic compatibility that allows them the produce viable and fertile offspring.[12] As a result of the recent sympatry and possible hybridization between these two species of sulphur butterflies, numerous studies have been conducted on intraspecific and interspecific mating.[13] In terms of mating under natural conditions, the males do not discriminate between the species, but females maintain nearly complete reproductive isolation. Studies suggest that the females do so by looking for the ultraviolet reflectance pattern on the dorsal wing surface of C. eurytheme males.[12] Therefore, it was suggested that C. eurytheme and C. philodice do not randomly mate with each other. Instead, mating was found to be positively assortive and mostly conspecific.[13]
Previous studies have suggested that males make a nutrient investment during copulation. This idea agrees with the sexual selection theory, which predicts that females would act in ways to maximize the nutrient material they receive and predicts that males would act in ways to maximize the return on their investments. Studies support this theory by showing that younger males (males with less wing wear) are more successful in courtship than older males, males accepted by females are significantly less variable in size than males rejected by females, persistence increases a male's chance of copulating up to a point, and the size of females accepted by males is less variable than that of rejected females.[14] The amount of protein in a male's spermatophore is negatively correlated with age because it is more likely for older males to have mated previously. Females therefore prefer younger mates perhaps to secure large ejaculates, as smaller males and males that have mated previously produce smaller ejaculates.[9] The brightness of ultraviolet reflectance and pheromone descriptors, both important factors in mate selection, are also negatively correlated with age. However, variation between these two traits (visual and olfactory) is mostly uncorrelated. Since ultraviolet brightness emerges as the best predictor of male mating success, female preferences for brighter males may also indicate its relation to a material benefit.[10] In addition, studies have shown a longevity difference between virgin and mated females, suggesting a cost to mating. It is hypothesized that there is a toxic side effect of the male ejaculate. However, it is still unclear how this longevity cost influences the evolution of lifetime mating schedules. The supposed cost also does not affect the number of eggs a female lays in its lifetime.[15]
Upperside of male
Underside pattern
Cloudless sulphur male (left) and orange sulphur male (right)
Albino female laying an egg
Colias eurytheme, the orange sulphur, also known as the alfalfa butterfly and in its larval stage as the alfalfa caterpillar, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae, where it belongs to the lowland group of "clouded yellows and sulphurs" subfamily Coliadinae. It is found throughout North America from southern Canada to Mexico.
Other members of this lineage including the common or clouded sulphur (C. philodice) and C. eriphyle and C. vitabunda, which are often included in C. philodice as subspecies. Hybridization runs rampant between these, making phylogenetic analyses exclusively utilizing one type of data (especially mtDNA sequences) unreliable. Therefore, little more can be said about its relationships, except that it is perhaps closer to C. (p.) eriphyle than generally assumed, strengthening the view that the latter should be considered a valid species.
The orange sulphur's caterpillars feed off various species in the pea family (Fabaceae) and are usually only found feeding at night. Occasionally this species multiplies to high numbers, and can become a serious pest to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crops. The parasitoid wasp, Cotesia medicaginis can be used as a biocontrol agent against the caterpillars.
Colias eurytheme
Le Coliade de la luzerne (Colias eurytheme) est un insecte lépidoptère de la famille des Pieridae, de la sous-famille des Coliadinae et du genre Colias.
Colias eurytheme a été nommé par Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Dechauffour de Boisduval en 1852[1].
Le Coliade de la luzerne se nomme Orange Sulphur en anglais.
Le Coliade de la luzerne est un papillon de taille moyenne (son envergure varie de 34 à 55 mm). Les ailes du mâle sont d'une couleur orange ou une partie basale orange et distale jaune, largement bordées de noir avec la cellule à l'aile antérieure marquée d'un point noir et un point orange à l'aile postérieure.
Les femelles sont plus claires ou blanches[2].
Les chenilles sont vertes ornées une bande foncée sur le dos et des bandes pâles sur les côtés[2].
Le Coliade de la luzerne vole de mai à novembre, en deux ou trois génération[2].
Il hiberne au stade de chrysalide[3].
Les plantes hôte de sa chenille sont très nombreuses, des Astragalus ( Astragalus drummondii, Astragalus flexuosus, Astragalus racemosus, Astragalus bisulcatus, Astragalus crassicarpus, Astragalus plattensis, Astragalus crotalariae, Astragalus alpinus, Astragalus whitneyi, Astragalus antiselli,des Baptisia, Cassia, Coronilla, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Lotus scoparius, Lotus purshianus, Lotus grandiflorus, Lotus crassifolius, Lotus subpinnatus, Lotus strigosus, Lathyrus leucanthus, Lathyrus jepsoni ssp. californicus, Lespedeza, Lupinus minimus, Lupinus perennis, Lupinus succulentus, Lupinus bicolor, Medicago sativa, Medicago hispida, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus officinalis, Melilotus alba, Phaseolus, Pisum sativum, Psoralea, Sesbania exalata, Thermopsis montana, des Trifolium (Trifolium repens, Trifolium nanum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium reflexum, Trifolium stoloniferum, Trifolium tridentatum, Trifolium longipes, Trifolium wormskjoldii), des Vicia (Vicia americana, Vicia cracca, Vicia angustifolia, Vicia sativa)[1].
Le Coliade de la luzerne est présent en Amérique du Nord, du Canada au Mexique[1]. Au Canada, il est présent dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, le Manitoba, l'Alberta et la Colombie-Britannique et sur presque tout le territoire des États-Unis, mais principalement dans le Colorado, le Nevada, l'Arkansas, l'Illinois, l'Oregon, l'État de Washington, le Tennessee, le Missouri, le Nouveau-Mexique et la Californie[1],[3].
Il réside dans les champs, les prairies et au bord des routes.
Pas de statut de protection particulier[3].
Colias eurytheme
Le Coliade de la luzerne (Colias eurytheme) est un insecte lépidoptère de la famille des Pieridae, de la sous-famille des Coliadinae et du genre Colias.
Colias eurytheme (Anglice orange sulphur, alfalfa butterfly) est papilio subfamiliae Coliadinarum familiae Pieridarum, in America Septentrionali endemicus, a Canada meridiana ad Mexicum inventus, sed a Civitatibus Foederatis mediis et meridio-orientalibus abest.
Haec species ad Coliades (Anglice clouded yellows, sulphurs) terrarum humilium pertinent. Aliae huius stirpis species sunt Colias philodice, Colias eriphyle, et Colias vitabunda, qui omnes inter Coliades philodice ut subspecies saepe digeruntur. Hybridizatio inter has species est frequens. Ergo parvum de suis coniunctionibus phylogeneticis dici potest, praeter quod ea fortasse ad Coliadem (philodice) eriphyle artius coniungitur quam taxinomistae saepe adsumunt.[1]
Larvae variis speciebus plantarum familiae Fabacearum, praecipue Medicaginis sativae, Meliloti albae, et Trifolii repentis, usitate nocte, vescuntur. Colias eurytheme aliquando fit frequentissima, cum gravis pestis frugum Medicaginis sativae sit.
Latus superius Coliadis eurytheme maris
Exemplar lateris inferioris
Vide "Coliadem eurytheme" apud Vicispecies. 
Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life 
Haec stipula ad insectum spectat. Amplifica, si potes! Colias eurytheme (Anglice orange sulphur, alfalfa butterfly) est papilio subfamiliae Coliadinarum familiae Pieridarum, in America Septentrionali endemicus, a Canada meridiana ad Mexicum inventus, sed a Civitatibus Foederatis mediis et meridio-orientalibus abest.
Haec species ad Coliades (Anglice clouded yellows, sulphurs) terrarum humilium pertinent. Aliae huius stirpis species sunt Colias philodice, Colias eriphyle, et Colias vitabunda, qui omnes inter Coliades philodice ut subspecies saepe digeruntur. Hybridizatio inter has species est frequens. Ergo parvum de suis coniunctionibus phylogeneticis dici potest, praeter quod ea fortasse ad Coliadem (philodice) eriphyle artius coniungitur quam taxinomistae saepe adsumunt.
Larvae variis speciebus plantarum familiae Fabacearum, praecipue Medicaginis sativae, Meliloti albae, et Trifolii repentis, usitate nocte, vescuntur. Colias eurytheme aliquando fit frequentissima, cum gravis pestis frugum Medicaginis sativae sit.
Colias eurytheme is een vlinder uit de familie van de Pieridae, de witjes.
De spanwijdte bedraagt 35 tot 70 millimeter. De vleugels zijn geel met bruine buitenranden. Op de beide voorvleugels bevindt zich een zwarte stip, op beide achtervleugels een oranje stip.
De waardplanten komen uit de vlinderbloemenfamilie en omvatten onder meer alfalfa, witte klaver en Melilotus alba. Bij de teelt van alfalfa kan de rups schadelijk zijn.
De soort komt voor in Noord-Amerika in grazige open landschappen en akkers, waar het een van de meest algemene vlinders is. De soort kent twee tot vijf jaarlijkse generaties afhankelijk van de plaats.
Colias eurytheme là một loài bướm ngày thuộc họ Pieridae, phân họ Coliadinae. Nó được tìm thấy ở khắp Bắc Mỹ từ miền nam Canada đến México, nhưng không có mặt ở trung và đông nam USA.
Nhìn phía trên.
Phía dưới
Con cái đẻ trứng.
Bài viết liên quan đến họ bướm Pieridae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
Colias eurytheme là một loài bướm ngày thuộc họ Pieridae, phân họ Coliadinae. Nó được tìm thấy ở khắp Bắc Mỹ từ miền nam Canada đến México, nhưng không có mặt ở trung và đông nam USA.
