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Description

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Bolitoglossa colonnea is commonly referred to as the Ridge-headed Salamander, due to the elevated fleshy ridge between the eyes. Ridge-headed Salamanders are a medium-sized, sexually dimorphic species with a maximum SVL of 42 mm in mature males and 50 mm in mature females. Total length (including tail) can reach 130 mm (Bruce 1997; Leenders 2001). A relatively short tail and trunk, as well as short, robust limbs characterize this species (Leenders 2001). Digits and phalanges are nearly completely webbed. Hands and feet resemble fleshy pads where the digits are barely visible. Feet are sometimes a lighter color than the rest of the body. On each side of the snout a protuberance bearing a naso-labial groove is easily observable. Large pad-shaped mental glands are present under the male's chin. This species is capable of metachrosis; the body is typically a mottled dark-brown or black during the day and turns an overall salmon or tan color during the night, and is sometimes observed with small dark spots (Guyer and Donnelly 2005; Leenders 2001).This species was originally described as Oedipus colonneus in 1924 by Dunn. In 1944 Taylor renamed the species Bolitoglossa colonnea. In 2004 the species was recognized as Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) colonnea (Parra-Olea et al. 2004).A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) (http://darnis.inbio.ac.cr/FMPro?-DB=UBIpub.fp3&-lay=WebAll&-Format=/ubi/detail.html&-Op=bw&id=4332&-Find).

References

  • Bruce, R. C. (1997). ''Life history attributes of the salamander Bolitoglossa colonnea.'' Journal of Herpetology, 31(4), 592-594.
  • Sever, D. M. (2003). ''Courtship and mating glands.'' Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Urodela (Amphibia). D. M. Sever, eds., Science Publishers, Incorporated, Enfield, New Hampshire.
  • Solis, F., Ibáñez, R., Savage, J., Wake, D., Chaves, G., and Bolaños, F. (2008). Bolitoglossa colonnea. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucn.redlist.org. Downloaded on 19 February 2009.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Bolitoglossa colonnea is one of the more commonly occurring salamanders in Costa Rica. Its population is concentrated on the Caribbean slopes and in southwestern Costa Rica. It has also been found in central Panama and on the Pacific slopes of the Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica near Panama. It occurs up to at least 1,000 m ASL (Guyer and Donnelly 2005; Leenders 2001).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Bolitoglossa colonnea is relatively abundant and is not considered threatened (Solís et al. 2004).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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This species is mainly nocturnal, coming out at night to hunt for small arthropods. Sampling on both wet and dry nights in Rancho Naturalista, Costa Rica was equally successful in locating animals (Bruce 1997). Bolitoglossa colonnea can typically be found on damp leaves or in low vegetation about one meter above the ground. It can also be found on epiphytic plants, leaf litter, dead tree bark, or on the axils of bromeliad leaves (Guyer and Donnelly 2005). Males apparently produce sperm on a year-round basis, and gravid females were also found to have no seasonal variation in yolked follicles (Bruce 1997). These findings suggest that mating could occur in any month; however, Bruce (1997) did not make collections during February through April (months with considerably less rain). When males become reproductive they develop premaxillary teeth, which are used to scrape the skin of their mate during courtship (Guyer and Donnelly 2005). Doing so delivers chemicals from the male’s mental glands (located under the male's chin), which is thought to increase the female’s receptivity to mating. Members of the genus Bolitoglossa have large pad-shaped mental glands that are short and vertically oriented. The glands are positioned posterior to the mandibular symphysis (Sever 2003).Eggs are laid in clutches in moist environments (Bruce 1997; Guyer and Donnelly 2005). Direct development has been observed and the species does not seem to be dependent on water (Solís et al. 2004). There is no apparent correlation between clutch size and body size (Bruce 2007).
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Behavior ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Son nocturnas, se observan entre las 7-11 pm..

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Conservation Status ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Es considerada como una especie amenazada de extinción y está protegida y regulada por la Ley de Conservación de la Vida Silvestre No. 7317, además de la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente No. 7554 y el decreto No. 26435-MINAE.

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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Con el cuerpo no muy alargado, con miembros moderadamente o bien desarrollados. Tienen las manos y las patas anchas; el ancho de la mano es igual o mayor que su longitud.

Tienen 14 o menos surcos costales. Menos de 7 surcos costales separando la punta de los dedos pegados al cuerpo. El pliegue sublingual está ausente. Poseen un pliegue carnoso bien definido transversal sobre la región frontal.

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Habitat ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Se encuentra en el bosque primario (Bosque Tropical Muy Húmedo, Bosque Muy Húmedo Premontano), rodeado de pastizales y áreas de cultivo. Se localizan debajo de las hojas de hierbas a menos de 1 m. del piso del bosque. Un individuo fue visto arrastrándose sobre la hojarasca; y otro individuo se encontró en un tallo vertical de una planta pequeña a cerca de 10 cm. de altura. Asimismo, se encuentran en ocasiones examinando las axilas de las hojas de bromelias.

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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Distribucion en Costa Rica: Se estima que se distribuye en las tierras húmedas, bajas y medias, del Atlántico y Pacífico Sur, desde los 40 a los 1.250 m. de elevación (Savage 2002).
Distribucion General: En el Cerro Campana en la Vertiente Pacífica de Panamá. La provincia de Bocas del Toro, oeste de Panamá y la Isla de Barro Colorado, Panamá.
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Trophic Strategy ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Aparentemente se alimentan de artrópodos pequeños.
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Reproduction ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Tienen un marcado dimorfismo sexual, en donde las hembras son más grandes que los machos.

Se ha encontrado que los machos tienen esperma durante todos los meses del año y pueden aparearse en cualquier mes.

Se estima que las hembras tienen un patrón de oviposición no estacional. Asimismo, es posible que las hembras de esta especie se reproduzcan en forma irregular y que pueden producir más de una puesta a través del año.

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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Localidad del tipo: La Loma, en el sendero de Chiriquicito a Boquete, Bocas del Toro, Panamá.
Depositario del tipo: MCZ 9406
Recolector del tipo:
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La Loma salamander

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The La Loma salamander (Bolitoglossa colonnea) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in Costa Rica and western Panama. The common name refers to La Loma, its type locality on the trail between Chiriquicito and Boquete, earlier in the Bocas del Toro Province but at present in the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca, Panama.[3] Its natural habitats are humid lowland and montane forests. It is largely an arboreal species living in bromeliads, but it can be found on the ground too. It is threatened by habitat loss.

References

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Bolitoglossa colonnea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T59147A3076592. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T59147A3076592.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Dunn, E. R. (1924). "New salamanders of the genus Oedipus with a synoptical key". Field Museum of Natural History Publication. Zoological Series. 12: 95–100.
  3. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Bolitoglossa colonnea (Dunn, 1924)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
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La Loma salamander: Brief Summary

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The La Loma salamander (Bolitoglossa colonnea) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in Costa Rica and western Panama. The common name refers to La Loma, its type locality on the trail between Chiriquicito and Boquete, earlier in the Bocas del Toro Province but at present in the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca, Panama. Its natural habitats are humid lowland and montane forests. It is largely an arboreal species living in bromeliads, but it can be found on the ground too. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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Bolitoglossa colonnea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea es una especie de salamandras en la familia Plethodontidae. Habita en Costa Rica y Panamá.[2]​ Su hábitat natural son bosques húmedos tropicales o subtropicales a baja altitud y los montanos húmedos tropicales o subtropicales. Está amenazada de extinción debido a la destrucción de su hábitat.

Referencias

  1. Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Savage, J., Wake, D. & Chaves, G. (2004). «Bolitoglossa colonnea». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2013.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. 2013. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6 (9 January 2013). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=references&id=29840. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.

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Bolitoglossa colonnea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea es una especie de salamandras en la familia Plethodontidae. Habita en Costa Rica y Panamá.​ Su hábitat natural son bosques húmedos tropicales o subtropicales a baja altitud y los montanos húmedos tropicales o subtropicales. Está amenazada de extinción debido a la destrucción de su hábitat.

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Bolitoglossa colonnea ( Basque )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea Bolitoglossa generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Bolitoglossa colonnea: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea Bolitoglossa generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Bolitoglossa colonnea ( French )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :

Elle est présente entre 40 et 1 245 m d'altitude[2].

Description

Les mâles mesurent sans la queue jusqu'à 42 mm et les femelles jusqu'à 50 mm pour une longueur totale de 130 mm[3].

Publication originale

  • (en) Dunn, 1924 : New salamanders of the genus Oedipus with a synoptical key. Field Museum of Natural History Publication, Zoological Series, vol. 12, no 7, p. 95-100 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Bolitoglossa colonnea: Brief Summary ( French )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae.

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Bolitoglossa colonnea ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Bolitoglossa colonnea is een salamander uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Emmett Reid Dunn in 1924. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Oedipus colonneus gebruikt.[2]

Uiterlijke kenmerken

Bolitoglossa colonnea kenmerkt zich door een opvallende vlezige kam tussen beide oogkassen. Deze soort heeft een maximale lichaamslengte van circa 50 millimeter met een gemiddelde van 40 mm bij mannelijke salamanders en 44 mm bij vrouwelijke dieren. De staart is ongeveer even lang als het lichaam. Bolitoglossa colonnea heeft net als alle soorten uit de Plethodontidae geen functionele longen. De gaswisseling verloopt in plaats daarvan via speciale huiddelen die zich met name op de lippen bevinden. Bolitoglossa colonnea heeft een paddestoelvormige tong, waaraan het geslacht de naam dankt. De poten zijn goed ontwikkeld en robuust gevormd. Tussen de vingers en tenen zitten vliezen. De kleur van Bolitoglossa colonnea varieert van bruin tot zwart met een egaal of gevlekt patroon.

Verspreidingsgebied

De salamander komt voor in delen van Midden-Amerika en leeft in de landen Costa Rica en Panama.[3] Bolitoglossa colonnea is een algemene soort in de laaglandregenwouden van Costa Rica en Panama. Aanvankelijk werd gedacht dat de soort voorkwam tot op 1245 meter hoogte, maar inmiddels is Bolitoglossa colonnea ook bekend uit het gebied rond de Río Changena op 1650 meter hoogte boven zeeniveau in de Cordillera de Talamanca. In het Caribische laagland loopt het verspreidingsgebied van noordoostelijk Costa Rica tot aan La Loma in Ngöbe-Buglé, inclusief verschillende eilanden zoals Isla Escudo de Veraguas in Bocas del Toro. In het Pacifische laagland komt Bolitoglossa colonnea voor vanaf het Osa-schiereiland en de Golfo Dulce-regio tot aan de Cerro La Campana in de centrale Panamese provincie Panama. In het zuidwesten van Costa Rica komt Bolitoglossa colonnea samen voor met Bolitoglossa lignicolor, een andere algemene salamandersoort uit de Pacifische laaglandgebieden van Costa Rica en Panama.

Leefwijze

Bolitoglossa colonnea leeft tussen vochtige bladeren van struiken, in de strooisellaag op de bosbodem en in de trechters van bromelia's. Deze soort voedt zich met kleine geleedpotigen. Eieren worden gelegd in vochtige nesten op de bosbodem of in bomen. Uit de eieren komen volledig gemetamorfoseerde jongen.

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. (en) Bolitoglossa colonnea op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Bolitoglossa colonnea.
  3. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Bolitoglossa colonnea.
Bronnen
  • (en) - New distribution records and variation of the two common lowland salamanders Bolitoglossa colonnea (Dunn, 1924) and B. lignicolor (Peters, 1873) in Panama (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae). Hertz A, Lotzkat S, Köhler G. Check List (2013).
  • (en) - Amphibians and reptiles of La Selva, Costa Rica, and the Caribbean slope. Guyer C & Donnelly MA. University of California Press, 2005.
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Bolitoglossa colonnea - Website Geconsulteerd 6 maart 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Bolitoglossa colonnea - Website
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Bolitoglossa colonnea: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea is een salamander uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Emmett Reid Dunn in 1924. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Oedipus colonneus gebruikt.

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Bolitoglossa colonnea ( Portuguese )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Plethodontidae, sub-família Plethodontinae.

Ver também

Referências

  1. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). «Bolitoglossa colonnea». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2020: e.T59147A3076592. doi:. Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2021
  2. Dunn, E. R. (1924). «New salamanders of the genus Oedipus with a synoptical key». Field Museum of Natural History Publication. Zoological Series. 12: 95–100

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Bolitoglossa colonnea: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea é uma espécie de anfíbio caudado pertencente à família Plethodontidae, sub-família Plethodontinae.

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Саламандра гребениста ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Загальна довжина становить 10—13 см. Спостерігається статевий диморфізм: самиці більші за самців. В останніх хвіст довше. Голова звужена. між очей проходять м'ясисті гребені. Звідси походить назва цієї саламандри. З боків морди виступають шипики. Тулуб відносно короткий. Кінцівки відносно невеликі, проте міцні. Пальці наділені перетинками.

Здатна змінювати забарвлення: вдень строкатого темно-коричневого або чорного кольору, вночі — жовто-коричневого, іноді з дрібними темними плямами.

Спосіб життя

Полюбляє тропічні та субтропічні вологі ліси. Зустрічається на висоті 40—1250 м над рівнем моря. Веде нічний спосіб життя. Тримається на низькій рослинності на висоті близько 1 м над землею, іноді трапляється на землі в опалому листі. Живиться дрібними членистоногими.

Ця саламандра здатна розмножаться цілий рік. Самиця відкладає до 10 яєць у сирих місцях.

Розповсюдження

Поширена у південно-західної Коста-Риці та Центральній Панамі.

Джерела

  • Leenders, T. (2001). A Guide to Amphibians And Reptiles of Costa Rica. Zona Tropical, Miami.
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Bolitoglossa colonnea ( Vietnamese )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Costa RicaPanama. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ẩm ướt đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

Tham khảo


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Bolitoglossa colonnea: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Bolitoglossa colonnea là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Costa RicaPanama. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ẩm ướt đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

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