^Tilden, Josephine. Minnesota Algae: The Myxophyceae of North America and Adjacent Regions. Minneapolis: Board of Regents of the University. 1910: plate IV.
^Vonshak, A. (ed.). (编). Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.. London: Taylor & Francis. 1997: 551–578 (英语).