Redspotted catsharks are not listed on the ICUN Red List, the U.S. Federal List, or the CITES list. It is not known to be a vulnerable or threatened species.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: data deficient
It is believed that redspotted catshark juveniles move to deeper coastal waters until they develop into adults to avoid predation in the subtidal areas. However, the actual predators of this species are unknown.
Redspotted catsharks have sleek elongate bodies typical of their family. They have five gill slits, with the fifth gill opening over the origin of the pectoral fin. They have two dorsal fins, without spines, and the first dorsal axil is over the pelvic origin. Their tail has almost no upward bend.
Redspotted catsharks are typically dark reddish brown on the dorsal side and a creamy white on the ventral side. They have dark saddles down their sides and dark red spots on the white portion of their body.
Their teeth are typically multicuspid and males often have longer teeth with fewer cusps, which is believed to aid in 'courtship biting'.
Captured redspotted catsharks have ranged in length from 30cm to 66cm. However, it is believed that they can grow to be larger than this.
Range length: 30 to 66 cm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
The lifespan of redspotted catsharks is currently unknown.
Redspotted catsharks are found from the rocky sublittoral areas to the border of the continental shelf. Their distribution appears to be seasonal, in the rocky subtidal areas in spring, summer, and fall, and spending winter in deeper offshore waters. This is believed to be because of strong currents and tubulence that occurs during winter. Redspotted catsharks are typically only found in waters ranging from one to fifty meters in depth.
Range depth: 1 to 50 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; saltwater or marine
Aquatic Biomes: coastal
Redspotted catsharks inhabit coastal waters ranging from central Peru to southern Chile in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )
Redspotted catsharks are predators that feed on a variety of small vertabrates and invertabrates. Their primary food source includes crabs (Allopetrolisthes punctatus, and Petrolisthes violaceus) and rock shrimp (Rhynchocinetes typus). They have also been known to eat several other species of crustaceans, as well as fishes, algal material, and various polychaetes.
Animal Foods: fish; aquatic or marine worms; aquatic crustaceans
Plant Foods: algae
Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats non-insect arthropods)
Redspotted catsharks are an important predator in their ecosystem. Their particular influence in the near shore environment is on the commercial benthic populations.
They are hosts to several parasites, including the leech, Branchellion ravenellii. These leeches are believed to pass trypanosomes (Trypanosoma scyllii) into the redspotted catsharks' bloodstream. The trypanosomes also use the redspotted catshark as their host.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Research and Education of redspotted catsharks are the only positive economic importance for humans.
Positive Impacts: research and education
Redspotted catsharks can be a detriment to commercial fisheries in Chile and Peru. They feed on crustaceans that are a large economic source in the area.
Redspotted catsharks are born from encapsulated eggs that are fertilized and released into the water. When they hatch, they are miniature versions of adults. It is believed that juveniles swim into deeper waters in order to avoid predation in the sublittoral zone that they return to when they are adults. Therefore, there is a spatial segregation between adult and juvenile populations. Redspotted catsharks grow rapidly, however, their maturation age is currently unknown.
Communication specific to the redspotted catshark is unknown. However, as with most other sharks, including those in the family Scyliorhinidae, it is believed that they have a well developed sense of smell, and that they are electroreceptive. All sharks are more sensitive to electricity than many other organisms. This allows them to detect electricity emitted by other animals, and may also allow them to detect magnetic fields, which aides in navigation.
Catsharks are named for the catlike vertical oval pupil of their eyes. Their vision is good in dim light.
Communication Channels: tactile ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; chemical ; electric
It is believed that redspotted catsharks mate relatively seasonally. However, there have been instances where female sharks have been found with encapsulated eggs throughout the entire year. They are polygynandrous and have a courtship ritual in which the male will bite the female while he fertilizes her eggs.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Redspotted catsharks are oviparous. Breeding occurs in individuals in an annual cycle. Females have been shown to have egg capsules in the winter, spring, and summer, but very rarely in the fall. Reproduction occurs through the fertilization of the egg while it is still inside the female. The egg is then encapsulated and released. There are typically two eggs in each capsule. Embryos feed on the yolk of the egg until they hatch. When they hatch they head for deeper water until they are adults.
Breeding interval: Redspotted catsharks breed annually
Breeding season: Fertilization occurs in spring and winter, but is most common in summer
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous
Fertilized eggs are released into the water and the embryos feed on the egg yolk. Once the female lays her eggs, there is no subsequent parental investment.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female)
Schroederichthys chilensis és una espècie de peix de la família dels esciliorínids i de l'ordre dels carcariniformes.
És un peix marí de clima subtropical.[5]
Es troba al Perú[8] i Xile.[9][5]
Schroederichthys chilensis és una espècie de peix de la família dels esciliorínids i de l'ordre dels carcariniformes.
The redspotted catshark (Schroederichthys chilensis), also known as the Chilean catshark, is a species of catshark commonly found in the coastal waters of the southeastern Pacific, from central Peru to southern Chile. They are typically found in the rocky sublittoral areas at the edge of the continental shelf, in waters down to 100 m in depth. They spend the spring, summer, and fall in rocky subtidal areas, but winter in deeper offshore waters due to the strong currents at that time of year.
Redspotted catsharks range in length from 30 to 66 cm, although these sizes are taken from captured sharks, and it is believed that they may grow larger than this.
Their bodies are elongate and sleek, typical of the catshark family. Their dorsal side is a dark reddish brown with dark saddle patterns on their side. Their ventral sides are a creamy white with reddish spots. Redspotted catsharks have two dorsal fins, with the first dorsal axil over the pelvic region. Their dorsal fins do not have spines, and their tails have no upward bend.
Redspotted catsharks have multicuspid teeth. However, males typically have longer teeth with fewer cusps. This is believed to aid in courtship biting.
Redspotted catsharks are solitary, nocturnal creatures. They stay in caves and crevices during the day and emerge at night to feed. They are migratory. However, they live most of the year near the edge of the continental shelf.
Communication specific to the redspotted catshark is unknown. However, as with most other sharks, including other members of the family Scyliorhinidae, it is believed that they have a well-developed sense of smell, and that they are electroreceptive, which allows them to detect electricity emitted by other animals, and may also allow them to detect magnetic fields, which aids in navigation.
Redspotted catsharks are host to trypanosomes, parasites that are passed into the catsharks' bloodstream through leeches.
There are no known predators to the catshark, although juveniles typically spend their early life in the deeper offshore waters. This is believed to be to avoid predators, although what those predators are is unknown. Breeding and oviposition seem to occur throughout the year in an annual cycle. The paucity of ovigerous females during fall probably indicates that eggs were laid during summer, when massive depositions of egg-cases occurred on fronds of the subtidal brown kelp 'Lessonia trabeculata'.[2][3]
Redspotted catsharks feed on organisms that dwell on the rocky bottom near the continental shelf. Their primary food sources are various species of crabs and the rhynchocinetid rock shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus.[4] Redspotted catsharks are an important predator within their ecosystem. They have a large influence on commercially fished benthic organisms that dwell in the rocky near-shore areas.
The research of presence/absence effect of kelp Lessonia trabeculata on the isotopic niche of redspotted catshark present that males were characterized by higher trophic position and enriched carbon sources compared to females in locations where kelp was present. In contrast, males and females were characterized by similar isotopic niche in absence of kelp. These differences are most probably an effect of higher prey diversity associated with microhabitats generated by kelp forests that allow sexual segregation of isotopic niche. Therefore, extensive kelp harvest may cause significant effects in isotopic niche and nutritional status of adult redspotted catshark and may negatively affect its populations.[5]
Redspotted catsharks are oviparous. Breeding occurs in individuals in an annual cycle. However, they mate seasonally, typically in spring and winter, though females have occasionally been shown to have egg capsules in the summer. They are polygynandrous and while the male fertilizes the female's eggs he typically performs what is called a "courtship ritual" that consists of the male biting the female.
Redspotted catsharks are born from encapsulated eggs that are fertilized and released into the water. There are typically two eggs in each capsule, which can also be called a mermaid's purse. Embryos feed on the yolk of the egg until they hatch. Once these eggs hatch, the sharks appear to be miniature versions of adults. However, the sharks grow rapidly. It is believed that juveniles swim into deeper waters in order to avoid predation in the sublittoral zone that they return to when they are adults. Therefore, there is a spatial segregation between adult and juvenile populations.
Redspotted catsharks are not listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List, the U.S. Federal List, or the CITES list. They are not known to be a vulnerable or threatened species.
Redspotted catsharks have a negative economic impact on humans. They feed heavily on near shore benthic crustaceans. This is a detriment to commercial fisherman because crustaceans in this area have a large economic importance. Catsharks are also a frequent bycatch of nearshore fishing trawlers, which, while not economically significant, can cause damage to nets as well as time lost in removing the bycatch from the viable catch.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
The redspotted catshark (Schroederichthys chilensis), also known as the Chilean catshark, is a species of catshark commonly found in the coastal waters of the southeastern Pacific, from central Peru to southern Chile. They are typically found in the rocky sublittoral areas at the edge of the continental shelf, in waters down to 100 m in depth. They spend the spring, summer, and fall in rocky subtidal areas, but winter in deeper offshore waters due to the strong currents at that time of year.
Pintarroja o red-spotted catshark (Schroederichthys chilensis) es una especie de tiburón de la familia Scyliorhinidae. Es endémico del Pacífico Sur-oriental, con una distribución latitudinal desde Perú (Ancón) hasta Chile (Archipiélago de Chiloé). Es un habitante frecuente de las praderas de algas laminariales de Macrocystis spp y Lessonia trabeculata, donde encuentra refugio[1] y alimento.[2][3]
Los pintarroja son tiburones pequeños que presentan un cuerpo alargado y aplastado dorsoventralmente desde el extremo anterior hasta la cintura pélvica y son de aspecto más cilíndrico hacia el lado posterior [1]. Tienen dos aletas dorsales sin espinas, que se ubican cerca de la primera altura de las aletas pélvicas y la segunda por detrás de la proyección de la aleta anal. Poseen cinco pares de hendiduras branquiales. Su superficie dorsal del cuerpo es de color gris oscuro, degradándose éste hacia los costados hasta ser blanquecino ventralmente. Por el lado dorsal presentan 6 a 9 manchas semejantes a "sillas de montar", distribuidas desde el lado anterior hacia el posterior; presentan pequeñas manchas blancas circulares de diámetro variable ubicadas dentro de las manchas tipo "sillas de montar" y en el resto de su cuerpo; pequeñas manchas negras circulares de diámetro variable presentes en todo el cuerpo y a veces en la superficie ventral. La boca es de ubicación anteroventral con forma de arco curvado; posee unas mandíbulas con varias corridas de pequeños dientes de forma tricúspide; con presencia de rebordes labiales en los ángulos de su boca. También presenta lóbulos nasales de forma triangular. Son Ovíparos.[4]
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 62 cm de longitud total.
Presentan dimorfismo sexual.[5] Los machos presentan estructuras reproductivas llamadas claspers, los cuales son modificaciones de las aletas pélvicas y sirven para la transferencia del esperma a la hembra.
Habitan en aguas someras del sublitoral rocoso hasta los 50 m de profundidad aunque en la estación de verano se puede encontrar en profundidades que van desde los 8 a 15 metros y en invierno entre 15-100 metros.[2]
Se alimenta principalmente de crustáceos decápodos como el camarón de roca Rhynchocinetes typus y cangrejos.[2]
Pintarroja o red-spotted catshark (Schroederichthys chilensis) es una especie de tiburón de la familia Scyliorhinidae. Es endémico del Pacífico Sur-oriental, con una distribución latitudinal desde Perú (Ancón) hasta Chile (Archipiélago de Chiloé). Es un habitante frecuente de las praderas de algas laminariales de Macrocystis spp y Lessonia trabeculata, donde encuentra refugio y alimento.
Schroederichthys chilensis Schroederichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scyliorhinidae familian sailkatzen da.
Schroederichthys chilensis Schroederichthys generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scyliorhinidae familian sailkatzen da.
De roodgevlekte kathaai (Schroederichthys chilensis) is een vissensoort uit de familie van de kathaaien (Scyliorhinidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1848 door Guichenot.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Загальна довжина досягає 62-66 см, зазвичай 50 см. Голова витягнута, помірного розміру. Морда широко закруглено. Очі помірного розміру, овальні, горизонтальної форми, з мигательною перетинкою. За ними розташовані маленькі бризкальця. Брови над очима високо підняті. Ніздрі прикривають широкі носові клапани трикутної форми. Рот відносно широкий. Зуби дрібні, з багатьма верхівками. У неї 5 пар зябрових щілин. Тулуб стрункий. Грудні плавці великі, широкі. Має 2 спинних плавця однакового розміру. Передній спинний плавець розташовано навпроти черевних плавців, задній — анального. Черевні плавці широкі. Анальний плавець низький. Хвостовий плавець невеликий, гетероцеркальний.
Забарвлення сіро-світло-коричневе. На спині розташовано 7-9 сідлоподібних плям коричневого або темно-коричневого кольору. Фонове забарвлення більш темне на спині, ніж на боках. По всьому тілу розкидані дрібні темні, майже чорні, плямочки. Іноді трапляються особини з білими плямами. Черево має білуватий колір.
Тримається на глибинах до 100 м, у прибережних водах континентального шельфу. У похідну пору року опускається на глибину. Воліє до ділянок зі скелястими та кам'янистими ґрунтами. Це одинак. Активна вночі. Живиться креветками, крабами та іншими ракоподібними, невеличкими костистими рибами, головоногими молюсками, морськими черв'ями поліхетами, водоростями.
Парування супроводжується ритуалом, коли самець кусає самицю. Це яйцекладна акула. Самиця відкладає 2 яйця у вигляді капсул з вусиками, якими чіпляється до ґрунту.
Не є об'єктом промислового вилову. Водночас місцеві мешканці вважають цю акули шкідливою, оскільки вона виїдає ракоподібних, що становлять значну частину вилову рибалок. Тому її часто знищують. На зниження популяції впливає погіршення екології.
Мешкає від акваторії центрального Перу до південного узбережжя Чилі.
Schroederichthys chilensis ((Guichenot, 1848))
Ареал
Чилийская пятнистая кошачья акула[1] (Schroederichthys chilensis) — распространённый вид рода пятнистых кошачьих акул (Schroederichthys) семейства кошачьих акул (Scyliorhinidae). Обитает в юго-восточной части Тихого океана. Максимальный размер 66 см.
Впервые вид был описан в 1848 году в журнале«Anales de la Universidad de Chile[2].
Эти донные акулы обитают в юго-восточной части Тихого океана у берегов Перу и Чили на глубине до 100м. Весну, лето и осень они проводят в приливно-отливной зоне на глубине 8—15 м, а зимой из-за сильного течения уходят на глубину[3].
У чилийской пятнистой кошачьей акулы удлинённое стройное тело и закруглённая морда. Ноздри обрамлены треугольными кожаными складками. Этому виду присущ нехарактерный для кошачьих акул половой диморфизм. Рот сравнительно широкий. Основание первого спинного плавника расположено над серединой основания брюшных плавников. Первый и второй спинные плавники приблизительно одинакового размера. Второй спинной плавник больше анального плавника. Его основание расположено над серединой основания анального плавника[4][5][6]. Зубы имеют несколько зубцов. У самцов зубы крупнее, чем у самок. Вероятно, при спаривании самцы кусают самку за спину.
Фоновый окрас светлого серого или коричневого цвета, по нему разбросаны 6—9 седловидных чёрно-коричневых пятен с многочисленными дорсолатеральными тёмными пятнышками. Максимальный размер составляет 66 см.[4][5].
Это одиночные акулы, ведущие ночной образ жизни. Днём они спят в пещерах и расщелинах, а ночью начинают охотиться. Эти акулы могут совершать небольшие миграции, но основную часть года они держатся на границе континентального шельфа.Они размножаются, откладывая яйца. Самцы и самки достигают половой зрелости пр длине 42—46 см и 52—54 см соответственно. Размер новорожденных составляет 1 см. Рацион состоит из костистых рыб, ракообразных и прочих беспозвоночных[3].
Опасности для человека не представляет. Коммерческой ценности не имеет. В качестве прилова попадает в демерсальные тралы. Для определения статуса сохранности вида недостаточно данных[3].
Чилийская пятнистая кошачья акула (Schroederichthys chilensis) — распространённый вид рода пятнистых кошачьих акул (Schroederichthys) семейства кошачьих акул (Scyliorhinidae). Обитает в юго-восточной части Тихого океана. Максимальный размер 66 см.
