Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / spot causer
Herpobasidium filicinum causes spots on frond of Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Hyalopsora aspidiotus parasitises live Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Comments
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Gymnocarpium dryopteris is a fertile allotetraploid species that arose following hybridization between G . appalachianum and G . disjunctum (see reticulogram). Its wide distribution over much of the north temperate zone has provided ample opportunity for secondary contact between G . dryopteris and each of its diploid parents, thereby resulting in a wide-ranging composite of abortive-spored triploid crosses ( G . disjunctum × G . dryopteris and G . appalachianum × G . dryopteris ). These relationships are shown on the diagram. Sterile triploid plants are not restricted only to areas where the range of the tetraploid overlaps with that of either diploid. Their broad distribution could be explained in part by their spores, which are of two types: malformed, black, and with very exaggerated perispores, or round with extensive netted perispores (K. M. Pryer and D. M. Britton 1983). The latter spore type is capable of germination and presumably permits the plants to reproduce apogamously. The name G . × brittonianum (Sarvela) Pryer & Haufler has been applied to the G . disjunctum × G . dryopteris hybrid formula (K. M. Pryer and C. H. Haufler 1993). The type of G . × brittonianum has aborted and round spores, and leaves that strongly resemble those of G . disjunctum . They are large, 3-pinnate-pinnatifid, and the second and third pairs of pinnae are sessile with basal basiscopic pinnules markedly longer than the basal acroscopic pinnules. Sterile triploid plants with a morphology similar to the type of G . × brittonianum are frequent. The biology of both of these cryptic hybrid taxa needs further study, which should lead to detailed morphologic descriptions and distribution maps.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris also hybridizes with both G . jessoense subsp. parvulum and G . robertianum .
- ترخيص
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Stems 0.5--1.5 mm diam.; scales 1--4 mm. Fertile leaves usually 12--42 cm. Petiole 9--28 cm, with sparse glandular hairs distally; scales 2--6 mm. Blade broadly deltate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, 3--14 cm, lax and delicate, abaxial surface and rachis glabrous or with sparse glandular hairs, adaxial surface glabrous. Pinna apex entire, rounded. Proximal pinnae 2--12 cm, ± perpendicular to rachis, with basiscopic pinnules ± perpendicular to costa; basal basiscopic pinnule usually sessile, pinnatifid or rarely pinnate-pinnatifid, if sessile then with basal basiscopic pinnulet often equaling or longer than adjacent pinnulet; 2d basal basiscopic pinnule sessile, with basal basiscopic pinnulet equaling or longer than adjacent pinnulet; basal acroscopic pinnule sessile, with basal basiscopic pinnulet longer than or equaling adjacent pinnulet. Pinnae of 2d pair usually sessile with basal basiscopic pinnule longer than or equaling adjacent pinnule and about equal to basal acroscopic pinnule; basal acroscopic pinnule equaling or slightly shorter than adjacent pinnule, often with entire, rounded apex. Pinnae of 3d pair sessile with basal basiscopic pinnule equaling adjacent pinnule and equaling basal acroscopic pinnules; basal acroscopic pinnule equaling or slightly shorter than adjacent pinnule. Ultimate segments of proximal pinnae oblong, entire to crenate, apex entire, rounded. Spores 34--39 µm. 2 n = 160.
- ترخيص
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Vt., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; n,c Europe; n Asia to China, Japan.
- ترخيص
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Cool, coniferous and mixed woods and at base of shale talus slopes; 0--3000m.
- ترخيص
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من eFloras
Polypodium dryopteris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1093. 1753; Dryopteris linnaeana C. Christensen; Lastrea dryopteris (Linnaeus) Bory; Phegopteris dryopteris (Linnaeus) Fée; Thelypteris dryopteris (Linnaeus) Slosson
- ترخيص
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- حقوق النشر
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Broad-scale Impacts of Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
climaxIn white spruce climax forests of Alaska, light surface fires usually do not affect understory species composition, of which western oakfern is a part [
22]. However, stand-replacement fires that completely eliminate white spruce result in early seral communities where western oakfern is not present. In cedar-hemlock forests of northern Idaho, western oakfern successively decreased in abundance on sites that were logged, slashpile-burned, broadcast burned once, and burned two or more times over a 30-year period [
25].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
climax,
prescribed fire,
successionIn the East Slope Region of central Alberta, western oakfern is not present until the climax stages of succession following fire [
9]. On severely burned sites in northern Idaho (where all trees and groundlayer vegetation was consumed), western oakfern appeared in the third postfire year only [
32]. This occurrence was rare because western oakfern is not considered a fire-surviving species. In the subboreal spruce zone of British Columbia, western oakfern was present within 10 years following fire on four sites ranging from fairly dry to wet [
14]. Fires were broadcast burns following logging, and its effects on specific plants were not studied at the time of the fire. Hamilton's Research Papers (
Hamilton 2006a,
Hamilton 2006b) and
Research Project Summary provide information on prescribed fire and postfire response of many plant species, including western oakfern, that was not available when this species review was originally written.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Common Names
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
western oakfern
oak fern
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
rhizomeThe deciduous western oakfern is delicate in appearance and grows up to 11.8 inches (30 cm) tall [
17]. Its petioles are 4 to 12 inches (10-30 cm) long and parallel to the ground [
21]. The blade is divided into three triangular leaflets [
17]. Each petiole arises from a single node on the creeping rhizome [
21]. Spore covers are absent [
16].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Western oakfern has a circumboreal distribution [
16]. In North America it occurs form Alaska south to isolated populations in Oregon and east across all provinces of Canada to the Atlantic Coast. It occurs throughout New England south to Virginia and west to Ohio. Scattered populations are found in the northern Midwest states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota, and it reaches as far south as Iowa. Western oakfern also occurs in isolated populations of the Intermountain West and in New Mexico and Arizona [
28]. Gymnocarpium dryopteris ssp. disjunctum is found along the West Coast and in parts of Idaho and eastern Washington [
18].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fire regime,
seedWestern oakfern has rhizomes which may allow it to sprout following fire [
25]. Because spores are stored in the soil seed bank, fires that do not damage upper soil layers may not permanently eliminate western oakfern from an area.
FIRE REGIMES: Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
chamaephyte,
geophyte Chamaephyte Geophyte
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
hardwood,
mesicWestern oakfern occurs on mesic to wet sites in mixed conifer and northern hardwood stands [
20]. Soils are moist to well-drained, with pH ranging from 4.5 to 6.4 [
7,
10,
36]. Soil textures are gravelly or sandy to silty clay loams [
4,
7]. Western oakfern grows at elevations from 21 to 1,700 feet (7-518 m) in the Adirondacks [
20]. In Alberta it occurs from 1,960 to 4,300 feet (600-1,300 m), and in Idaho western oakfern occurs at elevations between 2,500 and 4,500 feet (760-1,370 m) [
7,
10]. Western oakfern occurs on moderately steep slopes and northeast to north and west aspects [
7,
10]. Some plant species associated with western oakfern include Alaska-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), devil's club (Oplopanax horridus), alder (Alnus spp.), mountain maple (Acer spicatum), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), twinberry honeysuckle (Lonicera involucrata), thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus), prickly rose (Rosa acicularis), highbush cranberry (Viburnum edule), twinflower (Linnaea borealis), heartleaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia), starry Solomon's-seal (Smilacina stellata), and bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis) [
7,
10,
12,
14,
17,
30].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
5 Balsam fir
12 Black spruce
13 Black spruce - tamarack
16 Aspen
18 Paper birch
23 Eastern hemlock
25 Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
26 Sugar maple - basswood
27 Sugar maple
35 Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
37 Northern white-cedar
38 Tamarack
60 Beech - sugar maple
107 White spruce
201 White spruce
202 White spruce - paper birch
203 Balsam poplar
204 Black spruce
205 Mountain hemlock
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
212 Western larch
213 Grand fir
215 Western white pine
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
221 Red alder
223 Sitka spruce
224 Western hemlock
225 Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
226 Coastal true fir - hemlock
227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
228 Western redcedar
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
251 White spruce - aspen
252 Paper birch
253 Black spruce - white spruce
254 Black spruce - paper birch
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES18 Maple - beech - birch
FRES19 Aspen - birch
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES22 Western white pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
FRES25 Larch
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES28 Western hardwoods
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the term:
forest K001 Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
K002 Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
K003 Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
K004 Fir - hemlock forest
K005 Mixed conifer forest
K008 Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K013 Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
K014 Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
K021 Southwestern spruce - fir forest
K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
K099 Maple - basswood forest
K102 Beech - maple forest
K103 Mixed mesophytic forest
K106 Northern hardwoods
K107 Northern hardwoods - fir forest
K108 Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
frequency,
top-killFire can top-kill western oakfern, and repeated burning can significantly reduce it's frequency [
25,
32].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Grizzly bear in the Selkirk Mountains, Idaho, have been observed eating western oakfern fronds [
1]. Elk on Vancouver Island eat western oakfern, but use is low in spring and summer [
15].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
forestPublications listing western oakfern as a dominant species are as follows:
Preliminary classification of forest vegetation of the Kenai Peninsula,
Alaska [
30]
Forest habitat types of northern Idaho: a second approximation [
7]
Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in northwest
Montana [
4]
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
fern,
fern allyFern or Fern Ally
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
treeWestern oakfern can interfere with the growth of Engelmann spruce (Picea
engelmannii) seedlings [
5]. Glyphosate can injure western oakfern when applied
from July to September [
26]. It controls growth of western oakfern following
harvesting, allowing growth of desired tree species. Western oakfern responses
to logging vary. In areas where logging leads to decreases in site
moisture, western oakfern will decrease [
8]. In wet, high-elevation areas
logging can increase western oakfern abundance [
25].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
AK AZ CO CT ID IA ME MD MA MI
MN MT NH NJ NM NY OH OR PA RI
SD VT VA WA WV WI WY AB BC MB
NB NF NT NS ON PE PQ SK YT
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Because of its ease and success at transplanting, western oakfern is a desirable garden plant [
16].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. Western oakfern unfolds its fronds in early spring [
6] and senesces in autumn [
16].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
constancy,
coverWestern oakfern appears to decrease in constancy and/or cover following logging and burning [
14].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
herb,
rhizome Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
hardwoodWestern oakfern reproduces by spores and sprouts from rhizomes. The spores are adapted for high wind dispersal [
18]. There is much outcrossing in this species, and no intragametophytic fertilization [
18]. Spores have been found in soil seedbanks where adult plants are absent [
23]. Spores have sprouted in a greenhouse from soil samples taken from beneath canopy gaps in northern hardwood forests [
24].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
climax,
cover,
forest,
mesicFacultative Seral Species Western oakfern is an indicator of cool, moist sites and mid- to late-seral forests [
4,
21,
22,
30]. Western oakfern will grow on disturbed sites before canopy cover is established in the subboreal spruce (Picea) zone of British Columbia [
14]. It is present in that zone in both mesic seral communities and climax forests. Similarly, in spruce-hemlock (Tsuga) forests of southeast Alaska western oakfern will begin establishing in 25- to 35-year-old stands following disturbance by logging or fire [
1]. They will then dominate the understory for the following century. Western oakfern has been used as a site-quality indicator species on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and white spruce (Picea alba) stands in west-central Alberta [
34]. It is also used as a secondary indicator of slope instability in grand fir (Abies grandis)/pachistima (Pachistima myrsinites) habitat types on the Clearwater National Forest, Idaho [
27].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Dryopteris disjuncta (Ledeb.) Mort.
Dryopteris linnaeana Christens.
Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee
Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
The commonly accepted scientific name for western oakfern is Gymnocarpium
dryopteris (L.) Newm. in the family Polypodiaceae. There are two
subspecies as follows [
18]:
Gymnocarpium dryopteris ssp. disjunctum (Rupr.) Sarvela
G. dryopteris ssp. dryopteris
The synonym Dryopteris disjuncta is used frequently in the literature
[
8,
9,
22].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Snyder, S. A. 1993. Gymnocarpium dryopteris. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Rhedynen dridarn
(
الويلزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia CY
Rhedynen fechan i ganolig ei maint, sydd a'i chynefin mewn coedwigoedd]][1] yw Rhedynen dridarn sy'n enw benywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Cystopteridaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Gymnocarpium dryopteris a'r enw Saesneg yw Oak fern.[2] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Llawredynen y Derw.
Fe'i ceir yn aml yn tyfy mewn tyllau bychain ar fonyn coeden wyw neu rhigolau mewn clawdd.
Gweler hefyd
Cyfeiriadau
-
↑ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). [http: //www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"]. Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. http: //www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf.
-
↑ Gerddi Kew; adalwyd 21 Ionawr 2015
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Rhedynen dridarn: Brief Summary
(
الويلزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia CY
Rhedynen fechan i ganolig ei maint, sydd a'i chynefin mewn coedwigoedd]] yw Rhedynen dridarn sy'n enw benywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Cystopteridaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Gymnocarpium dryopteris a'r enw Saesneg yw Oak fern. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Llawredynen y Derw.
Fe'i ceir yn aml yn tyfy mewn tyllau bychain ar fonyn coeden wyw neu rhigolau mewn clawdd.
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Bukovník kapraďovitý
(
التشيكية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia CZ
Bukovník kapraďovitý (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) je vytrvalá kapradina. Je možné ho nalézt především v období od května do října. Nejčastěji se vyskytuje na zastíněných stanovištích (stinné lesy, skály, sutě), důležitý je kyselý podklad.
Popis
Bukovník kapraďovitý je vytrvalá kapradina s lesklým, černohnědým, větveným a plazivým oddenkem. Jednotlivé listy nevytváří růžici, jsou 35 až 50 cm dlouhé, převážně lysé, 2x až 3x zpeřené. V obrysu jsou trojúhelníkovité, složené ze 3 až 6 vstřícných lístků, z nichž dolní (1 nebo 2) jsou krátce řapíkaté, ostatní přisedlé. Dolní lístky jsou zpeřené, vyšší peřenosečné až peřenodílné.
Výtrusnicové kupky jsou od sebe zřetelně oddělené, okrouhlé až eliptické, bez ostěr. Vyrůstají na spodních okrajích lístků. Výtrusy zrají v období červenec až srpen.
Šíření/strategie
Bukovník se vegetativně šíří rozrůstáním oddenku, Spóry (výtrusy) přenáší vítr.
Rozšíření a stanoviště
Bukovník kapraďovitý roste v téměř celém mírném pásmu severní polokoule (Kavkaz, západní Sibiř, Dálný východ, Kamčatka, Severní Amerika).
V Evropě neroste pouze v jejích nejjižnějších částech.
Na celém území České republiky se vyskytuje hojně od pahorkatin po podhorské oblasti, vzácně v teplých oblastech a v nejvyšších polohách hor (min.. Lednice (okres Břeclav), 180 m n. m.; max.: Krkonoše, Úpská jáma, 1300 m n. m., Hrubý Jeseník, Velká Kotlina, 1320 m n. m.). Roste převážně na kyselém podkladě na zastíněných stanovištích (stinné lesy, skály, sutě).
Zajímavosti
Tato kapradina vytváří značně pomalu kořeny a proto je velmi citlivá k poranění kořenových špiček.
Odkazy
Literatura
- Kolbek, J., Větvička, V.: Rostliny na každém kroku, GRANIT s.r.o., Praha 2000, ISBN 80-85805-95-2, str. 120
- Hejný, S., Slavík, B.: Květena České socialistické republiky, ACADEMIA, Praha 1988, str. 277
- Kubát K.: Klíč ke květeně České republiky, ACADEMIA, Praha 2002, ISBN 80-200-0836-5, str. 91
Externí odkazy
Bukovník kapraďovitý: Brief Summary
(
التشيكية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia CZ
Bukovník kapraďovitý (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) je vytrvalá kapradina. Je možné ho nalézt především v období od května do října. Nejčastěji se vyskytuje na zastíněných stanovištích (stinné lesy, skály, sutě), důležitý je kyselý podklad.
Eichenfarn
(
الألمانية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia DE
Der Eichenfarn (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) ist ein in Mitteleuropa heimischer Farn aus der Familie der Wimperfarngewächse (Woodsiaceae). In vielen Werken wird er noch in der Familie der Wurmfarngewächse (Dryopteridaceae) geführt.
Beschreibung
Der Eichenfarn ist eine ausdauernde krautige Pflanze mit einem langen, dünnen und kriechenden Rhizom. Die Pflanze erreicht eine Wuchshöhe von 10 bis 40 Zentimetern.
Der Blattstiel sowie die Blattspindel sind drüsenlos. Die Blattspreite ist hellgrün, dünn und kahl oder spärlich drüsig behaart. Die Spreite besteht aus drei bis fünf Hauptfiedern.
Die Sori sind nackt und stehen nahe am Blattrand.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 160.
Ökologie
Der Eichenfarn ist ein Rhizom-Geophyt, der meist in größeren Herden wächst. Die Sporen verbreiten sich als Körnchenflieger über den Wind. Sporenreifezeit ist von Juli bis August.
Vegetative Vermehrung erfolgt über das Rhizom.
Vorkommen
Der Eichenfarn hat ein zirkumpolares Areal mit meridional/montaner bis arktischer Verbreitung bei subozeanischer Tönung. In Deutschland und Österreich ist die Art häufig. Das gesamte Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst die Länder Europas sowie die Türkei, Georgien, China, Japan, Ostsibirien, Alaska, Kanada und die Vereinigten Staaten.[1]
Der Eichenfarn wächst insbesondere in schattigen, bodensauren Wäldern der submontanen bis subalpinen Höhenstufe, kommt aber auch im Flachland und an der Küste vor.[2] Er wächst in Mitteleuropa gern in Gesellschaften des Fagion, aber auch des Adenostylion oder des Piceion.[3]
In den Allgäuer Alpen steigt er am Diedamskopf in Vorarlberg bis zu 2080 m Meereshöhe auf.[4]
Taxonomie
Der Eichenfarn wurde 1753 von Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum unter dem Basionym Polypodium dryopteris L. erstveröffentlicht.[5] Er wurde 1851 von Edward Newman in die Gattung Gymnocarpium gestellt und erhielt seinen anerkannten Artnamen Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.[6] Weitere Synonyme sind: Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss., Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée, Dryopteris disjuncta (Rupr.) C.V.Morton, Nephrodium dryopteris (L.) Michx., Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory, Dryopteris linnaeana C.Chr.
Quellen
Literatur
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol. 2., verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage. Land Oberösterreich, Biologiezentrum der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5.
-
Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Unter Mitarbeit von Theo Müller. 7., überarbeitete und ergänzte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7.
-
Rudolf Schubert, Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (Hrsg.): Exkursionsflora für die Gebiete der DDR und der BRD. Begründet von Werner Rothmaler. 13. Auflage. Band 2: Gefäßpflanzen. Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2.
- Siegmund Seybold (Hrsg.): Schmeil-Fitschen interaktiv. CD-ROM, Version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6.
- A. C. Jermy: Gymnocarpium. In: T. G. Tutin, N. A. Burges, A. O. Chater, J. R. Edmondson, V. H. Heywood, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters, D. A. Webb (Hrsg.): Flora Europaea. 2., überarbeitete Auflage. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York/Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X, S. 26 (englisch, eingeschränkte Vorschau in der Google-Buchsuche).
-
Ruprecht Düll, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Taschenlexikon der Pflanzen Deutschlands und angrenzender Länder. Die häufigsten mitteleuropäischen Arten im Porträt. 7., korrigierte und erweiterte Auflage. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1.
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ Gymnocarpium im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 6. März 2019.
-
↑ Verbreitungskarte für Deutschland. In: Floraweb.
-
↑ Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8. Auflage. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Seite 82. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
-
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert: Flora des Allgäus und seiner Umgebung. Band 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6, S. 67.
-
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Band 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, S. 1093, http://vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D1093%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseitig%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D
-
↑ Edward Newman: Synoptical table of the british ferns. In: The Phytologist. A popular botanical miscellany. Band 4, Appendix, S. xxiv, http://vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F16431835~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseitig%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D
Weblinks
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Eichenfarn: Brief Summary
(
الألمانية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia DE
Der Eichenfarn (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) ist ein in Mitteleuropa heimischer Farn aus der Familie der Wimperfarngewächse (Woodsiaceae). In vielen Werken wird er noch in der Familie der Wurmfarngewächse (Dryopteridaceae) geführt.
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Gymnocarpium dryopteris
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, the western oakfern, common oak fern , oak fern,[1] or northern oak fern, is a deciduous fern of the family Cystopteridaceae. It is widespread across much of North America and Eurasia. It has been found in Canada, the United States, Greenland, China, Japan, Korea, Russia, and most of Europe. [2][3][4][5]
Description
Gymnocarpium dryopteris has small, delicate fronds up to 40 cm (16 inches) long, with ternately-compound pinnae (leaves). Fronds occur singly. On the underside of matured pinnae the naked sori can be found (the Latin generic name gymnocarpium means "with naked fruit").[6] The species grows in coniferous woodlands and on shale talus slopes.[2]
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, a forest understory plant, is not found in association with Quercus (oak).[7][8]
In cultivation in the UK this plant and the cultivar "Plumosum"[9] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[10][11]
References
-
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
-
^ a b Flora of North America, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman, 1851. Common oak fern, gymnocarpe fougère-du-chêne
-
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
-
^ Flora of China, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman, 1851. 欧洲羽节蕨 ou zhou yu jie jue
-
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Felce delle querce, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman includes photos and European distribution map
-
^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
-
^ Alaback, Paul Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5
-
^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 423. ISBN 1-55105-042-0.
-
^ "RHS Plantfinder - Gymnocarpium dryopteris 'Plumosum'". Retrieved 2 March 2018.
-
^ "RHS Plantfinder - Gymnopcarpium dryopteris". Retrieved 3 March 2018.
-
^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris: Brief Summary
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, the western oakfern, common oak fern , oak fern, or northern oak fern, is a deciduous fern of the family Cystopteridaceae. It is widespread across much of North America and Eurasia. It has been found in Canada, the United States, Greenland, China, Japan, Korea, Russia, and most of Europe.
Gymnocarpium Dryopteris
(
الإسبانية، القشتالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia ES
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, también conocido como oakfern occidental, roble helecho común o roble helecho del Norte, es un helecho de la familia Polypodiaceae.
Descripción
G. dryopteris tiene hojas pequeñas y delicadas, con pinnas ternately-compuesto (hojas). Las frondas se presentan individualmente. En la parte inferior del pabellón auricular madurado sori desnuda se pueden encontrar.
Distribución
Es común en los bosques de Canadá y el noroeste de Estados Unidos. También se encuentra en Escocia y Escandinavia, Finlandia y Rusia.[1][2] Su nombre se discute también como Gymnocarpium dysjunctum. oakfern puede ser una traducción de dryopteris.
Esta especie es una planta de sotobosque, no se encuentra en asociación con robles.[3][4]
Referencias
-
↑ «Gymnocarpium dryopteris». WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Consultado el 20 de diciembre de 2009.
-
↑ «Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman». PLANTS Profile. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. Consultado el 20 de diciembre de 2009.
-
↑ Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska, Written by Paul Alaback, ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5
-
↑ Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 423. ISBN 1-55105-042-0.
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Gymnocarpium Dryopteris: Brief Summary
(
الإسبانية، القشتالية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia ES
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, también conocido como oakfern occidental, roble helecho común o roble helecho del Norte, es un helecho de la familia Polypodiaceae.
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Harilik kolmissõnajalg
(
الإستونية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia ET
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Harilik kolmissõnajalg: Brief Summary
(
الإستونية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia ET
Harilik kolmissõnajalg (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) on naistesõnajalaliste sugukonda kolmissõnajala perekonda kuuluv taimeliik.
Taim kasvab varjukates metsades. Taim on Eestis tavaline.
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Metsäimarre
(
الفنلندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FI
Metsäimarre (Gymnocarpium dryopteris, syn. Lastrea dryopteris, Dryopteris linnaeana ja Thelypteris dryopteris) on pohjoisen pallonpuoliskon havu- ja lehtimetsävyöhykkeillä varsin yleinen pehmeälehtinen saniainen. Laji on tavanomainen koko Suomessa.
Ulkonäkö ja koko
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Metsäimarteen itiöpesäkkeitä.
Metsäimarre kasvaa 10–30 cm korkeaksi. Kasvin maavarsi on pitkä ja hento, väriltään musta ja kiiltävä. Lehden ruoti on 2–3 kertaa lavan pituinen, kalju tai harvasuomuinen. Vaaleanvihreät lehdet ovat yksittäin, lehden lapa on kalju tai joskus harvaan nystykarvainen, pituuttaan leveämpi, kolmiomainen ja kahteen kertaan parilehdykkäinen. Kolmiomainen tyvilehdykkä on melkein lehden kärkiosan kokoinen. Pikkulehdykät ovat pitkulaisia ja pariosaisia tai parijakoisia. Itiöpesäkeryhmät ovat pyöreitä ja katesuomuttomia. Metsäimarteen itiöt kypsyvät Suomessa heinä-elokuussa.[1]
Metsäimarre voi risteytyä idänimarteen (G. continentale) kanssa.[1]
Levinneisyys
Metsäimarteen levinneisyysalue kattaa lähes koko Euroopan aivan läntisimpiä ja eteläisimpiä osia lukuun ottamatta. Esiintymisalue jatkuu läpi keskisen Venäjän Tyynellemerelle saakka. Pohjois-Amerikan puolella lajia tavataan Alaskasta Kanadan kautta Grönlantiin asti.[2] Suomessa metsäimarre on yleisimpiä saniaislajeja ja sitä tavataan koko maassa.[3]
Elinympäristö
Metsäimarre kasvaa kosteissa kangasmetsissä, lehdoissa, soistuneissa metsissä ja korvissa. Sitä tavataan myös kosteilla kallioilla ja louhikoissa.[1] Tyypillisiä kasvupaikkoja ovat esimerkiksi mustikkatyyppiin kuuluvat tuoreet kankaat. Laji viihtyy hyvin varjoisissa paikoissa, missä monilla muilla kasveilla on kasvuvaikeuksia.[4] Metsäimarre on ei sovi eläinten ravinnoksi, joten se säästyy kasvupaikoillaan villieläinten näykkimiseltä.[4]
Lähteet
-
Oulun kasvit. Piimäperältä Pilpasuolle. Toim. Kalleinen, Lassi & Ulvinen, Tauno & Vilpa, Erkki & Väre, Henry. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, Norrlinia 11 / Oulun kaupunki, Oulun seudun ympäristövirasto, julkaisu 2/2005. Yliopistopaino, Helsinki 2005.
-
Retkeilykasvio. Toim. Hämet-Ahti, Leena & Suominen, Juha & Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Kasvimuseo, Helsinki 1998.
Viitteet
Aiheesta muualla
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Metsäimarre: Brief Summary
(
الفنلندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FI
Metsäimarre (Gymnocarpium dryopteris, syn. Lastrea dryopteris, Dryopteris linnaeana ja Thelypteris dryopteris) on pohjoisen pallonpuoliskon havu- ja lehtimetsävyöhykkeillä varsin yleinen pehmeälehtinen saniainen. Laji on tavanomainen koko Suomessa.
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Gymnocarpium dryopteris
(
الفرنسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FR
Polypode du Chêne
Le Polypode du Chêne ou le Polypode dryoptère, parfois appelé la Fougère du Chêne ou le Gymnocarpium dryoptère (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) est une espèce de fougère de la famille des Woodsiaceae.
Elle produit des frondes solitaires se formant sur un rhizome rampant souterrain. Les frondes sont tripennées en forme de triangle isocèle. Montagnarde, elle est abondante par place sur terrains siliceux et frais.
La position systématique du genre Gymnocarpium est discutée. Il est souvent rangé dans la famille des Thelypteridaceae, parfois aussi dans celle des Dryopteridaceae.
Étymologie
Du grec "gumnos": nu et de "karpos": fruit; "drus": chêne; "pteris": fougère[1].
Description
Feuilles vert clair de 10 à 45cm sur un rhizome allongé. Pétiole au moins aussi long que le limbe. Limbe triangulaire et glabre[2]. Confusion possible avec Gymnocarpium robertianum.
Espèce tétraploïde (2n = 160 chromosomes).
Biologie
Géophyte. Sporulation de juillet à septembre; dissémination par le vent.
Habitats
Rochers, forêts riches en fougères, bords de chemins et talus, clairières, sur substrats siliceux. Etages subalpin, montagnard et collinéen. Jusqu'à 2 300 mètres. Supporte l'ombre. Sols acides et frais.
L'espèce peut être présente en plaine, mais seulement en quelques stations tout à fait relictuelles[3] (exemples Brettnach et Kemplich en Moselle).
Distribution
Zones tempérée et froide de l'hémisphère boréal[4] : Europe, Asie, Amérique du Nord.
France : Vosges, Jura, Massif Central, Alpes, Pyrénées, Corse; très localisé, rare et en régression dans les plaines de la partie nord.
Statut de protection
Espèce protégée en Limousin.
Synonymes
- Dryopteris linnaeana C. Christens
- Polypodium dryopteris L.
- Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée
- Currania dryopteris (L.) Wherry
- Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory
Notes et références
-
↑ Jean-Claude Rameau, Dominique Mansion et Gérard Dumé, Flore forestière française : guide écologique illustré, t. 2 : Montagnes, Paris, Institut pour le développement forestier, juillet 1993, 2434 p. (ISBN 2 904740 41 4), p. 294-295
-
↑ Rémy Prelli, Guide complet des fougères et plantes alliées, Paris, Lechevalier, février 1985, 200 p. (ISBN 9-782720-505164), p. 131.
-
↑ Rémy Prelli et Michel Boudrie, Atlas écologique des fougères et plantes alliées : Illustration et répartition des Ptéridophytes de France, Paris, Lechevalier, mai 1992, 273 p. (ISBN 2-225-82527-0), p. 114.
-
↑ Jacques Lambinon, Léon Delvosalle et Jacques Duvigneaud, Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines (Ptéridophytes et Spermaphytes) : Cinquième édition, Meise, Editions du patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique, 2004, 1170 p. (ISBN 90-72619-58-7), p. 30.
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Gymnocarpium dryopteris: Brief Summary
(
الفرنسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia FR
Polypode du Chêne
Le Polypode du Chêne ou le Polypode dryoptère, parfois appelé la Fougère du Chêne ou le Gymnocarpium dryoptère (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) est une espèce de fougère de la famille des Woodsiaceae.
Elle produit des frondes solitaires se formant sur un rhizome rampant souterrain. Les frondes sont tripennées en forme de triangle isocèle. Montagnarde, elle est abondante par place sur terrains siliceux et frais.
La position systématique du genre Gymnocarpium est discutée. Il est souvent rangé dans la famille des Thelypteridaceae, parfois aussi dans celle des Dryopteridaceae.
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Kisela lastreja
(
الكرواتية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia hr Croatian
Kisela lastreja: Brief Summary
(
الكرواتية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia hr Croatian
Kisela lastreja (glatka paprat, lat. Gymnocarpium dryopteris), vrsta papratnjače iz porodice Cystopteridaceae. Jedna je od dviju vrsta lastreja koje rastu u Hrvatskoj.
Rasprostranjena je po Europi, Aziji i Sjevernoj Americi. Voli sjenovita mjesta sa humusom, umjereno bogatom dušikom. Ime vrste dryopteris, dolazi iz grčkog drus, hrast i pteris, paprat
Þrílaufungur
(
الآيسلندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia IS
Þrílaufungur (fræðiheiti Gymnocarpium dryopteris[1] er burkni af ættinni Cystopteridaceae. Hann er algengur um mesta Norður Ameríku og Evrasíu. Hann hefur fundist í Kanada, Bandaríkjunum, Grænlandi, Kína, Japan, Kóreu, Rússlandi og mestallri Evrópu. [2][3][4][5]
Lýsing
Gymnocarpium dryopteris er með smáum, fíngerðum blaðstilkum að 40 sm löngum, með tví- eða þrí- fjöðruð. Blöðin koma stök upp. Neðan á þroskuðum blöðkunum sjást kringlóttir gróblettirnir, án gróhulu. Tegundin vex í barrskógum og í skriðum.[2]
Litningatalan er 2n = 160.[6] Gymnocarpium dryopteris, er undirgróður í skógum, þó ekki með eik (Quercus).[7][8]
Sýkingar
Á Íslandi hafa fundist tvær tegundir ryðsveppa sem sýkja þrílaufung. Þær eru Hyalopsora aspidiotus og Herpobasidium filicinum.[9]
Tilvísanir
-
↑ „BSBI List 2007“. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Afrit af upprunalegu (xls) geymt þann 2015-02-25. Sótt 17. október 2014.
-
↑ 2,0 2,1 Flora of North America, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman, 1851. Common oak fern, gymnocarpe fougère-du-chêne
-
↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
-
↑ Flora of China, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman, 1851. 欧洲羽节蕨 ou zhou yu jie jue
-
↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Felce delle querce, Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman með myndum og Evrópsku útbreiðslukorti
-
↑ Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8. Auflage. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Seite 82. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
-
↑ Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska, Written by Paul Alaback, ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5
-
↑ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Lone Pine Publishing. bls. 423. ISBN 1-55105-042-0.
-
↑ Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004). Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. ISSN 1027-832X
Viðbótar lesning
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Þrílaufungur: Brief Summary
(
الآيسلندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia IS
Þrílaufungur (fræðiheiti Gymnocarpium dryopteris er burkni af ættinni Cystopteridaceae. Hann er algengur um mesta Norður Ameríku og Evrasíu. Hann hefur fundist í Kanada, Bandaríkjunum, Grænlandi, Kína, Japan, Kóreu, Rússlandi og mestallri Evrópu.
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Gebogen driehoeksvaren
(
البلجيكية الهولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia NL
De gebogen driehoeksvaren (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) is een overblijvende varen uit de familie Cystopteridaceae. De plant komt voor op zure bodem op beschaduwde plaatsen. In België en Nederland is de soort zeldzaam. Het blad van deze varen heeft een duidelijk driehoekige vorm, en de bladsteel vertoont een knik zodat het blad bijna horizontaal staat.
Naamgeving
-
Synoniemen: Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée, Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss., Dryopteris linnaeana C.Chr.
- Duits: Eichenfarn
- Engels: Oak Fern
- Frans: Polypode du chêne
Kenmerken
Bladeren
De bladeren overwinteren niet. Ze staan alleen, maar op korte afstand van elkaar en zijn maximaal 45 cm lang, waarvan ongeveer twee derde voor de steel. De bladsteel is donkerbruin tot zwart, dun en breekbaar, met een knik onder de eerste deelblaadjes, zodat de bladschijf schuin tot horizontaal staat. Het blad is geel- lichtgroen, kaal (dat wil zeggen: niet beklierd of behaard) , teer, breed-driehoekig (iets langer dan breed) tot ruitvormig en drievoudig gedeeld. De onderste deelblaadjes zijn op hun beurt ook weer breed driehoekig en bijna even groot als de rest van het blad. De algemene indruk is die van een blad met drie bijna even grote deelblaadjes.
Sporenhoopjes
De sporendoosjes liggen in ronde tot ovale sporenhoopjes in rijen langs beide zijden van de nerven aan de onderzijde van het blad. De sporen zijn rijp van mei tot september.
De gebogen driehoeksvaren komt voor op voedselarme, zure bodem. De plant is meestal te vinden in loof- en naaldbossen, op puinhellingen, rotswanden, holle wegen, greppels en muren en op bemoste boomstammen, maar steeds in de schaduw. In kalkrijke streken komt de soort voor op steile hellingen waar de kalk door regenwater weggespoeld is. In bewoonde en stedelijke gebieden groeit hij soms op oude vochtige muren, kaden, waterputten, oude sluisdeuren ...
Voorkomen
De gebogen driehoeksvaren komt over het noordelijk halfrond voor in koude tot gematigde streken: Canada, Schotland. In Scandinavische bossen is de soort zeer algemeen. In België is de plant vrij zeldzaam in het Maasgebied. In Vlaanderen en Nederland is de varen zeldzaam tot zeer zeldzaam.
Verwante en gelijkende soorten
De gebogen driehoeksvaren heeft in België en Nederland nog een nauwe verwant: de rechte driehoeksvaren (Gymnocarpium robertianum). Deze is te onderscheiden door zijn rechte steel, de blaadjes dragen klieren en hebben een speciale geur en doordat de plant enkel op kalkrijke grond voorkomt.
De smalle beukvaren (Phegopteris connectilis) komt in hetzelfde milieu voor maar heeft smallere, tweevoudig geveerde bladeren, terwijl de zwartsteel (Asplenium adiantum-nigrum) en de blaasvaren (Cystopteris fragilis) enkel op kalkrijke plaatsen voorkomen en fijnere, donkere bladeren en een andere plaatsing van de sporenhoopjes hebben.
Bedreiging en bescherming
In Vlaanderen staat de gebogen driehoeksvaren op de Vlaamse Rode Lijst (planten) als 'met uitsterven bedreigd'.
Externe link
Gebogen driehoeksvaren: Brief Summary
(
البلجيكية الهولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia NL
De gebogen driehoeksvaren (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) is een overblijvende varen uit de familie Cystopteridaceae. De plant komt voor op zure bodem op beschaduwde plaatsen. In België en Nederland is de soort zeldzaam. Het blad van deze varen heeft een duidelijk driehoekige vorm, en de bladsteel vertoont een knik zodat het blad bijna horizontaal staat.
Fugletelg
(
النرويجية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia NO
Fugletelg
Fugletelg,
Gymnocarpium dryopteris, fotografert i Kärnten, Østerrike.
Vitenskapelig(e)
navn:
Gymnocarpium dryopteris Norsk(e) navn: Fugletelg
Hører til:
Småtelgslekten,
Storburknefamilien,
Polypodiales,
bregneplanter,
karplanter,
landplanter,
planter Fugletelg (latin: Gymnocarpium dryopteris) er en art av bregner innenfor småtelgslekten i storburknefamilien (Woodsiaceae). Den kan danne hybrider med både kalktelg og finntelg.
Fugletelg er en liten krypende bregne på 10-30 cm, med en tynn, opprett stengel. Bladplaten er 2-3-dobbelt fliket, og primærflikene er trekantede og ordnet som tre litt atskilte, like store plater på hver sin bladstilk. Alternativt kan man uttrykke det som at de bladplaten nederst har to primærfliker som er dobbelt fliket, og at det øverst er en dobbelt fliket bladplate. Småflikene kan være grovt tannet innerst mot primærflikens midtnerve.
Bladskaftene er gjennomskinnelige, og brekker lett. Bladplatene kan ha noen lysebrune eller brungule skjell, og være svarte nederst. Bladet er ellers lyst grønt og uten skjell eller hårdekke.
Fugletelg vokser i skog, myrlandskap og i åpen eng og hei opp til fjellet over tregrensen. Den vokser i hele Norge, opp til 1.600 moh. i Ulvik i Hardanger. Ellers vokser den på hele den nordlige halvkulen.
Det er registrert to sterile hybrider i Norge – Gymnocarpium dryopteris x robertianum med kalktelg (Østlandet og Nord-Norge), samt hybriden Gymnocarpium continentale x dryopteris med finntelg (Nord-Troms, Finnmark).
Eksterne lenker
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Fugletelg: Brief Summary
(
النرويجية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia NO
Fugletelg (latin: Gymnocarpium dryopteris) er en art av bregner innenfor småtelgslekten i storburknefamilien (Woodsiaceae). Den kan danne hybrider med både kalktelg og finntelg.
Fugletelg er en liten krypende bregne på 10-30 cm, med en tynn, opprett stengel. Bladplaten er 2-3-dobbelt fliket, og primærflikene er trekantede og ordnet som tre litt atskilte, like store plater på hver sin bladstilk. Alternativt kan man uttrykke det som at de bladplaten nederst har to primærfliker som er dobbelt fliket, og at det øverst er en dobbelt fliket bladplate. Småflikene kan være grovt tannet innerst mot primærflikens midtnerve.
Bladskaftene er gjennomskinnelige, og brekker lett. Bladplatene kan ha noen lysebrune eller brungule skjell, og være svarte nederst. Bladet er ellers lyst grønt og uten skjell eller hårdekke.
Fugletelg vokser i skog, myrlandskap og i åpen eng og hei opp til fjellet over tregrensen. Den vokser i hele Norge, opp til 1.600 moh. i Ulvik i Hardanger. Ellers vokser den på hele den nordlige halvkulen.
Det er registrert to sterile hybrider i Norge – Gymnocarpium dryopteris x robertianum med kalktelg (Østlandet og Nord-Norge), samt hybriden Gymnocarpium continentale x dryopteris med finntelg (Nord-Troms, Finnmark).
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Cienistka trójkątna
(
البولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Cienistka trójkątna, zachyłka trójkątna (Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman)[2] – gatunek paproci z rodziny rozrzutkowatych. Inne nazwy: gimnokarpium trójkątne, nerecznica trójkątna[3]. Gatunek pospolity w całej Polsce, spotykany jest na nizinach i w górach (Beskidy, Karkonosze).
Morfologia
- Pokrój
- Roślina wieloletnia, z kłącza wyrastają liście osiągające 45 cm wysokości.
- Część podziemna
- Posiada słabo rozgałęzione kłącze, czarno połyskujące, pokryte bladobrunatnymi łuskami.
- Liście
- Żółtawozielone, wyrastające pojedynczo z kłącza i z blaszką osadzoną na długim ogonku liściowym. Blaszka cienka, naga, potrójnie pierzasta, odcinki górne podwójnie pierzaste. Na spodniej stronie liści przy brzegu znajdują się kupki zarodni. Zawijek brak. Ogonek liściowy prawie trzykrotnie dłuższy od blaszki liściowej, pokryty jest u dołu lancetowatymi łuskami.
-
Rozmnażanie
- Nieliczne kupki zarodni wytwarzają żółtawobrunatne, fasolowate zarodniki.
Biologia i ekologia
Gatunek preferuje stanowiska cieniste i wilgotne. Występuje w żyznych, cienistych, wilgotnych lasach iglastych i liściastych oraz w górach wśród kosodrzewiny.
Przypisy
-
↑ Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider & P. G. Wolf: A classification for extant ferns (ang.). Taxon 55(3): 705–731, 2006. [dostęp 2009-11-13].
-
↑ Zbigniew Mirek, Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa, Adam Zając, Maria Zając: Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist. Krytyczna lista roślin naczyniowych Polski. Instytut Botaniki PAN im. Władysława Szafera w Krakowie, 2002. ISBN 83-85444-83-1.
-
↑ Jakub Mowszowicz: Pospolite rośliny naczyniowe Polski. Wyd. czwarte. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1979, s. 74. ISBN 83-01-00129-1.
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Cienistka trójkątna: Brief Summary
(
البولندية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia POL
Cienistka trójkątna, zachyłka trójkątna (Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman) – gatunek paproci z rodziny rozrzutkowatych. Inne nazwy: gimnokarpium trójkątne, nerecznica trójkątna. Gatunek pospolity w całej Polsce, spotykany jest na nizinach i w górach (Beskidy, Karkonosze).
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Ekbräken
(
السويدية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia SV
Ekbräken (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) är en relativt vanlig ört tillhörande familjen hällebräkenväxter. Den är utan tvekan den vanligast förekommande arten i släktet ekbräknar.
Ekbräken blir mellan 10 och 40 centimeter hög. Stjälken är ganska lång, brun och kal. På de tre huvudsakliga bladflikarna, som är grovt triangulära till formen, så finns ett antal parvis fästade småblad som i sin tur har ett flertal parvis fästade småflikar. Bladen är ihoprullade till ett klot innan de utvecklats fullständigt. Under bladen finns runda sporgömslen utan svepefjäll. Den blommar mellan juli och september.
Artens utbredning inkluderar bland annat Kanada, Skottland och hela Norden med undantag för vissa delar av Island. Den växer normalt på mager skogsmark, gärna nära bäckar samt i steniga partier och bergsskrevor. Den förekommer ofta även i bestånd.
Artens namn
Artepitetet dryopteris är en sammansättning av de latinska orden drys (ek) och pteris (ormbunke). Detta sammansatta ord använde redan Pedanius Dioskorides för att beskriva växter som förekommer i närheten av ekar. Idag är Dryopteris också det vetenskapliga namnet på ett annat släkte ormbunksväxter, nämligen lundbräknar.
Källor
Se även
Externa länkar
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Ekbräken: Brief Summary
(
السويدية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia SV
Ekbräken (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) är en relativt vanlig ört tillhörande familjen hällebräkenväxter. Den är utan tvekan den vanligast förekommande arten i släktet ekbräknar.
Ekbräken blir mellan 10 och 40 centimeter hög. Stjälken är ganska lång, brun och kal. På de tre huvudsakliga bladflikarna, som är grovt triangulära till formen, så finns ett antal parvis fästade småblad som i sin tur har ett flertal parvis fästade småflikar. Bladen är ihoprullade till ett klot innan de utvecklats fullständigt. Under bladen finns runda sporgömslen utan svepefjäll. Den blommar mellan juli och september.
Artens utbredning inkluderar bland annat Kanada, Skottland och hela Norden med undantag för vissa delar av Island. Den växer normalt på mager skogsmark, gärna nära bäckar samt i steniga partier och bergsskrevor. Den förekommer ofta även i bestånd.
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Голокучник дубовий
(
الأوكرانية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia UK
Опис
Листя до 42 см (включаючи червонуватий черешок), листова пластина від жовтаво- до середньо-зеленої, не залозиста. Має тонкі (1–2 мм), горизонтальні, довгі кореневища. Спори 34–39 мкм. Хромосом: 2n = 160.
Поширення
Азія: Китай; Японія; Росія — Східна Сибір, Європейська частина; Туреччина. Кавказ: Грузія. Європа: Білорусь; Естонія; Латвія; Литва; Молдова; Україна; Австрія; Бельгія; Чехія; Німеччина; Угорщина; Нідерланди; Польща; Словаччина; Швейцарія; Данія; Фінляндія; Ісландія; Ірландія; Норвегія; Швеція; Об'єднане Королівство; Албанія; Боснія і Герцеговина; Болгарія; Хорватія; Греція; Італія; Македонія; Чорногорія; Румунія; Сербія; Франція; Іспанія. Північна Америка: Гренландія; Канада; США. Також культивується. Середовище проживання: вологі ліси й тінисті скелі, береги та яри, часто росте в більш-менш кислому багатому перегноєм ґрунті.
Галерея
Примітки
Джерела
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Gymnocarpium dryopteris
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Gymnocarpium dryopteris là một loài thực vật có mạch trong họ Woodsiaceae. Loài này được (L.) Newman miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1851.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Gymnocarpium dryopteris: Brief Summary
(
الفيتنامية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia VI
Gymnocarpium dryopteris là một loài thực vật có mạch trong họ Woodsiaceae. Loài này được (L.) Newman miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1851.
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Голокучник обыкновенный
(
الروسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Голокучник обыкновенный
Международное научное название
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 17579NCBI 32116EOL 597243IPNI 17112110-1TPL tro-26600166 Голоку́чник обыкнове́нный, или Голокучник Линне́я, или Голокучник дрио́птерисовый, или Голокучник трёхпё́рый, или Голокучник трёхразде́льный, или Голокучник щито́вниковый, или Щито́вник Линнея[1] (лат. Gymnocárpium dryópteris) — многолетний папоротник, вид рода Голокучник.
Ботаническое описание
Растение до 50 см[2] высотой, папоротник с ползучим, сильно разрастающимся длинным разветвлённым корневищем. Одна особь может занимать значительную площадь.
Вайи одиночные. Листья светло-зелёные, в очертании треугольные или широкотреугольные; доли их на черешках, дважды перисторассечённые; сегменты второго порядка яйцевидные или ланцетные, перисто-раздельные, обычно с тупыми округлыми цельнокрайними конечными дольками.
Сорусы без покрывальца, удалены друг от друга. Споры в европейской части России созревают в июне — июле.
Число хромосом 2n = 160[3].
Распространение и экология
Голокучник обыкновенный распространён в Европе (но на юге — редко)[4], на Кавказе, в Средней Азии, Японии, Китае, Северной Америке.[5]
В России встречается в лесной полосе повсеместно[2].
Растёт преимущественно в тёмнохвойных (еловых) и смешанных лесах, на небогатой и умеренно влажной почве, часто разрастаясь в просветах крон и иногда на вырубках — на мелких порубочных древесных остатках; на скалах, каменистых склонах, осыпях[2]. Всюду обыкновенен.
Хозяйственное значение и применение
В корневищах найдены стероиды, каротиноиды и воски[2].
Настой и настойку листьев (внутрь), а также распаренные листья (местно) применяют как аналгезирующее при артралгиях, вывихе плечевого сустава, настой (местно) — при мастите, ушибах, язвах, ранах, внутрь — при чесотке[2].
В ветеринарии отвар листьев используют при респираторных инфекциях у лошадей, а истолчённые и распаренные листья — при хромоте, ушибах, вывихах у лошадей[2].
Осадок при упаривании ацетонового экстракта листьев проявляет гиббереллиноподобные свойства[2].
Декоративное растение.
Таксономия
По данным The Plant List на 2013 год[6], в синонимику вида входят:
-
Aspidium dryopteris Baumg.
-
Carpogymnia dryopteris (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
-
Currania dryopteris (L.) Wherry
-
Dryopteris dryopteris Britt.
-
Dryopteris linneana C.Chr.
-
Dryopteris pulchella (Salisb.) Hayek
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Dryopteris pumila V.I.Krecz.
-
Filix pumila Gilib.
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Lastrea dryopteris (L.) Bory
-
Nephrodium dryopteris (L.) Michx.
-
Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée
-
Polypodium dryopteris L.
-
Polypodium pulchellum Salisb.
-
Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Sloss.
Литература
Примечания
Голокучник обыкновенный: Brief Summary
(
الروسية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia русскую Википедию
Голоку́чник обыкнове́нный, или Голокучник Линне́я, или Голокучник дрио́птерисовый, или Голокучник трёхпё́рый, или Голокучник трёхразде́льный, или Голокучник щито́вниковый, или Щито́вник Линнея (лат. Gymnocárpium dryópteris) — многолетний папоротник, вид рода Голокучник.
欧洲羽节蕨
(
الصينية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Gymnocarpium dryopteris(L.) Newman 欧洲羽节蕨（学名：Gymnocarpium dryopteris）为蹄盖蕨科羽节蕨属下的一个种。
参考文献
扩展阅读
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蕨類植物相關的
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欧洲羽节蕨: Brief Summary
(
الصينية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia 中文维基百科
欧洲羽节蕨（学名：Gymnocarpium dryopteris）为蹄盖蕨科羽节蕨属下的一个种。
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu bukovník kapraďovitý ve Wikimedia Commons
Zie de categorie Gymnocarpium dryopteris van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp. 
Це незавершена стаття про Папороті.
-2062.jpg)
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这是一篇與蕨類植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
