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無標題 ( 英語 )

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The first fossil records of blenniids date from the upper Tertiary and upper Miocene periods.

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Jonna, R. 2003. "Blenniidae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Blenniidae.html
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Behavior ( 英語 )

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Other than descriptions of visual and olfactory communication during mating (see Reproduction: Mating Systems), no specific information was found concerning communication methods used by this group.

Communication Channels: visual ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: mimicry

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical

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Conservation Status ( 英語 )

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Currently, there is no known conservation threat to any member of this family.

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Life Cycle ( 英語 )

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Blennies generally pass through a pelagic, postlarval stage after a short planktonic stage. The young pelagic fishes look different enough from their adult form that they were classified at one time as a separate subfamily. Transformation into the adult form occurs at some time after the postlarvae enter a littoral habitat.

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Associations ( 英語 )

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Most blennies depend on a secretive lifestyle to survive, having coloration that blends in with their surroundings and hiding on the bottom in shallow waters. Some can escape predators by hopping over rocks from pool to pool. Meiacanthus can inject venom from the base of a groove in its large canine teeth. Any predator that gulps Meiacanthus apparently receives a toxic bite on the inside of its mouth and Meiacanthus is able to swim away freely. Several genera of blennies (Ecsenius, Plagiotremus — also known as Runula) gain protection from mimicking the coloration of Meiacanthus. Other blenniids engage in mimicry as well; one saber-toothed blenny, Aspidontus taeniatus, mimics the cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus in color and behavior. The blenny is able to approach and take a nip out of large fish that are accustomed to being cleaned by the nearly identical-looking wrasse.

Anti-predator Adaptations: mimic; cryptic

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Morphology ( 英語 )

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Blennies have scaleless, elongated bodies, and comb-like, slender, close-set teeth, which can be either fixed or movable. A pair of giant canines give the saber-toothed blennies their name, and in the poison-fanged blennies (Meiacanthus) these teeth are hollow and contain an injectable toxin. In blennies the palatines are toothless, and the mouth not protractile. The head is often blunt and typically adorned with tentacles or cirri. Blennies are usually small, but a few can reach 55 cm. The dorsal fin has more rays than spines, and the anal fin has two spines. Blennies exhibit a wide variety of uniform colors as well as spots, stripes, or bands, and some species exhibit two or three color patterns. Cryptic coloring is widespread. (Click here to see a fish diagram).

Sexual dimorphism is common to many of the blennies. In general males are larger than females and in some species have a larger head. The cirri on the head can take distinct forms in males and females, as can the anal spines. Males of some species have fleshy swellings near the dorsal or anal fins that become larger during spawning season. Many blennies assume spawning colors, most frequently the male, but sometimes the female as well. Males tend to develop brighter coloration during spawning, especially under the jaw, and in one species males take on a third color pattern while egg-tending.

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry ; poisonous ; venomous

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; sexes colored or patterned differently; male more colorful; sexes shaped differently; ornamentation

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Jonna, R. 2003. "Blenniidae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Blenniidae.html
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Life Expectancy ( 英語 )

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There was no information found regarding the lifespan of blenniids.

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Habitat ( 英語 )

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While blennies are primarily marine fishes, some members of the family occur in estuaries or in fresh water, for example, in lakes in Italy. They inhabit shallow, inshore, often intertidal, waters. Blennies are generally benthic, occupying grass beds, tide pools, or areas near rocks, shells, or corals. The saber-toothed blennies, Aspidontus and Meiacanthus, are free swimming.

Habitat Regions: saltwater or marine ; freshwater

Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; reef ; lakes and ponds; coastal ; brackish water

Other Habitat Features: estuarine ; intertidal or littoral

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Distribution ( 英語 )

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Blennies can be found in the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans, in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters throughout the world.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native ); ethiopian (Native ); neotropical (Native ); australian (Native ); oceanic islands (Native ); arctic ocean (Native ); indian ocean (Native ); atlantic ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native ); mediterranean sea (Native )

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Jonna, R. 2003. "Blenniidae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Blenniidae.html
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Trophic Strategy ( 英語 )

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Primarily bottom-dwellers, blennies tend to feed on other benthic organisms, both algae and invertebrates. Some are planktivores, some carnivores; others scrape algae off coral and rocks and in the process may be feeding on small organisms that live in association with the algae. Some blennies nip pieces of skin, scales, or fins from larger fish.

Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats non-insect arthropods); herbivore ; omnivore ; planktivore

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Associations ( 英語 )

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Blennies are largely herbivorous and as such play an important role in grazing reef algae, keeping it from smothering corals. Blennies are a predominant group in intertidal and inshore zones and are specialized to occupy holes and crevices.

Ecosystem Impact: parasite

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Benefits ( 英語 )

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Blenniids are not food fishes, but the genera Ecsenius, Salarias, and Meiacanthus are gathered for aquarium use.

Positive Impacts: pet trade

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Benefits ( 英語 )

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No specific information was found concerning any negative impacts to humans.

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Comprehensive Description ( 英語 )

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The family Blenniidae is the largest family in its suborder, consisting of six tribes with 53 genera and 345 species. A slender, elongate body and cryptic coloring assist many blennies in their secretive lifestyle in crevices and holes on the bottom of inshore waters. Blennies are known for their distinctive teeth, which are close-set in a single row on each jaw, and some blennies have a huge canine on each lower jaw, hence the descriptors “comb-toothed” and “saber-toothed." Blennies possess interesting traits ranging from mimicry and hopping over terrestrial rocks to adopting separate colors for courtship. Most blennies feed on algae and small invertebrates, but some attack other fish to steal bites of fin, scales, or skin.

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Reproduction ( 英語 )

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Blennies attract mates near the holes or crevices in which spawning occurs. The females will often initiate courtship, some assuming new coloration for spawning. When the female enters the area the male engages in courtship behavior that can include changing into spawning colors, bobbing the head up and down at the mouth of the cave, and leading the female to the nest by swimming with an undulating motion. One the male may mate with several females. Males of some species apparently move toward an olfactory cue released by other males during spawning.

Mating System: polygynous

It is probable that blennies spawn throughout the year, probably during the day. Some groups only spawn during warmer times of the year, and one species spawns every three to four days. Spawning usually occurs in the male’s territory in a cave, crevice, or other shelter. The male entices the female into the cave with various courtship behaviors (see Reproduction: Mating Systems), at which point she begins to lay eggs on the surfaces of the shelter. Spawning may take only a few minutes, or may last more than a day; eggs may be deposited all at once, or on several trips into the nest. Depending on the size of the cave, the male may enter with the female, or may make intermittent trips into the hole to fertilize the eggs. The male is generally active during spawning, deterring predators, and afterwards guarding the eggs until hatching. Females may occasionally guard the nest as well. One male may mate with several females, brooding all the eggs in the same nest.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); oviparous

Blennies deposit their eggs in clumps on the hidden surfaces of crevices or holes. The male, and sometimes the female, guards the eggs until they hatch, at which point the larvae are left to fend for themselves. During hatching some males energetically fan the eggs.

Parental Investment: male parental care ; female parental care

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Comprehensive Description ( 英語 )

由CoralReefFish提供

The true blennies are the unscaled and blunt-nosed members of the blenniodei, often called combtooth blennies because of their herbivorous dentation. Most of the regional blenniids are not reef-associated but typically occupy rocky shorelines, usually in the more temperate parts of the region. The exception is the large redlip blenny, Ophioblennius atlanticus macclurei, which is very common on Caribbean coral reefs.

Larval true blennies can be recognized by their blunted snout, long and continuous dorsal and anal fins with flexible spines, a somewhat short and narrow caudal peduncle, long strand-like pelvic fins (usually straight, not curled up over the body), and relatively heavy markings (primarily a row of melanophores along the anal fin base, often along with dense markings on the pectoral fins and the top of the head). Many larvae have a prominent preopercular spine that disappears at transition, although smaller spines usually remain on the preopercle. Larval blennioids have large round eyes during their early life history, in contrast to larval scarids, labrids, and gobies in which the eye is often small or narrowed.

Among the closely related families, blenniids can be separated from the labrisomids, tripterygiids and chaenopsids (other than the easily recognized Chaenopsis spp.) by the blunt snout and having fewer dorsal fin spines than rays (except in Hypsoblennius invemar), and from dactyloscopids by having a blunt snout and straight, not curled, pelvic fins.

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Blenniidae ( 南非語 )

由wikipedia AF提供

Die Blennies (Blenniidae) is 'n vis-familie wat hoort tot die orde Perciformes. Daar is ongeveer drie en vyftig genera met meer as 350 spesies wat hoort tot dié familie en vyf en veertig van die spesies kom aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus voor.

Kenmerke

Die familie is klein met lang, dunnerige lywe. Daar is geen skubbe op die lyf nie. Die dorsale vin is lank en bedek feitlik die hele rug. Die bekkenvin is elementêr met slegs een stekel en slegs vir strale. Die grootte wissel van 3 – 60 cm.

Habitat

Die Blennies is alleenswemmers wat gewoonlik op die bodem in die skadu kant van riwwe op hul bekken vinne rus. Hulle kom ook voor in getypoele.

Genera

Die volgende genera en spesies kom aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus voor:

  • Aspidontus
  • Cirripectes
  • Ecsenius
  • Entomacrodus
  • Exallias
  • Istiblennius
  • Omobranchus
  • Parablennius
  • Plagiotremus
  • Scartella
  • Xiphasia

Sien ook

Bron

Wiki letter w.svg Hierdie artikel is ’n saadjie. Voel vry om Wikipedia te help deur dit uit te brei.
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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 南非語 )

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Die Blennies (Blenniidae) is 'n vis-familie wat hoort tot die orde Perciformes. Daar is ongeveer drie en vyftig genera met meer as 350 spesies wat hoort tot dié familie en vyf en veertig van die spesies kom aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus voor.

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Blènnids ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供
 src=
Mascle d'Aidablennius sphynx fotografiat a la Mar Negra.
 src=
Blenniella periophthalmus fotografiat a l'illa de Guam.

La família dels blènnids (Blenniidae) és composta per peixos de mida petita pertanyents a l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

  • L'espècie més grossa arriba als 54 cm de longitud total però la majoria no n'arriben als 15.
  • Part anterior del cos més alta que la part posterior.
  • Els ulls són grossos i presenten una gran mobilitat.
  • La boca és ínfera i petita.
  • Poden tindre tentacles supraorbitals o nasals.
  • Les aletes més característiques són les ventrals, ja que es troben modificades per recolzar-se en el fons.
  • No tenen escames i la pell és mucosa.[1][2]
  • Presenten dimorfisme sexual: en general, els mascles són més grossos que les femelles.[3]
  • N'hi ha espècies que són molt acolorides i són emprades en el món de l'aquariofília.

Alimentació

Segons les espècies, mengen crustacis bentònics, mol·luscs i d'altres invertebrats, algues o plàncton.[4]

Hàbitat

Generalment, són espècies bentòniques que viuen als mars i oceans de clima tropical i subtropical, i a poca fondària. Algunes espècies són d'aigua dolça com s'esdevé en alguns llacs d'Itàlia.[5]

Distribució geogràfica

Se'ls pot trobar als oceans Atlàntic, Pacífic i Índic, i a les seues respectives mars.[2][6]

Costums

  • Algunes espècies són solitàries i territorials, i d'altres acostumen a formar petits bancs.
  • Depenent de les espècies poden ésser diürns o nocturns.
  • Els mascles protegeixen els ous fins que es desclouen.[7]

Gèneres

Referències

  1. Mas Ferrà, Xavier i Canyelles Ferrà, Xavier: Peixos de les Illes Balears. Editorial Moll, Palma, maig del 2000. Manuals d'Introducció a la Naturalesa, 13. ISBN 84-273-6013-4. Plana 241.
  2. 2,0 2,1 FishBase (anglès)
  3. Thresher, R.: Reproduction in Reef Fishes. Neptune City, Nova Jersey: T.F.H. Publications.Any 1984.
  4. Springer, V.: Blennies. Planes 214-217 a W.N. Eschmeyer, J. R. Paxton, editors. Encyclopedia of Fishes – 2a edició, San Diego, Califòrnia: Academic Press. Any 1994.
  5. Moyle, P., J. Cech: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició. Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  6. Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  7. ZipCodeZoo.com (anglès)
  8. Whitley G. P., 1943. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. (Part 2). Aust. Zool. v. 10 (pt 2). 167-187.
  9. Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider. 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
  10. Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1836. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome onzième. Livre treizième. De la famille des Mugiloïdes. Livre quatorzième. De la famille des Gobioïdes. Historie naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. v. 11: i-xx + 1-506 + 2 pp., Pls. 307-343.
  11. Schultz L. P., Chapman W. M. & E. A. Lachner i L. P. Woods, 1960. Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. 2. Families from Mullidae through Stromateidae. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. Núm. 202, v. 2. i-ix + 1-438.
  12. Suzuki, T., M. Hosokawa i H. Senou, 2001: First record of a bleniid fish Praealticus striatus from Iriomote Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. I. O. P. Diving News Núm. 12 (núm. 12): 2-4.
  13. Cuvier, G. & A. Valenciennes. 1836. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome onzième. Livre treizième. De la famille des Mugiloïdes. Livre quatorzième. De la famille des Gobioïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 11: i-xx + 1-506 + 2 pp., Pls. 307-343.
  14. Kottelat, M., 2004. Salaria economidisi, a new species of freshwater fish from Lake Trichonis, Greece, with comments on variation in Salaria fluviatilis (Teleostei: Blenniidae). Rev. Suisse Zool. v. 111 (núm. 1): 121-137.
  15. Asso, I. de 1801. Introducción a la ichthyologia oriental de España. An. Cienc. Nat. Inst. José de Acosta, Madrid, v. 4 (núm. 10): 28-52, Pls. 34-35.
  16. Risso, A., 1810. Ichthyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du département des Alpes Maritimes. F. Schoell, París. Ichthyol. Nice: i-xxxvi + 1-388, Pls. 1-11.
  17. Forsskål P., 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium. 1-20 + i-xxxiv + 1-164.
  18. MarineSpecies.org (anglès)
  19. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  20. ITIS (anglès)
  21. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Bath, H., 1992: Revision der Gattung Praealticus Schultz & Chapman, 1960 (Pisces: Blenniidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 72 (núms. 4/6): 237-316.
  • Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco (Califòrnia, Estats Units). iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8. 1990.
  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco (Califòrnia, Estats Units). ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estats Units. 537 p.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, Joseph S.: Fishes of the World, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-25031-7. Any 2006.
  • Springer, V.G., 1986. Blenniidae. p. 742-755. A M.M. Smith i P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín.
  • Springer, V.: Blennies. Planes 214-217 a W.N. Eschmeyer, J. R. Paxton, editors. Encyclopedia of Fishes – 2a edició, San Diego, Califòrnia: Academic Press. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


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Blènnids: Brief Summary ( 加泰隆語 )

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Schleimfische ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Die Schleimfische (Blenniidae, griech. ἡ βλέννα und τό βλέννος, Schleim), auch Blenniiden, Unbeschuppte Schleimfische oder Nackte Schleimfische genannt, sind eine Fischfamilie aus der Unterordnung der Schleimfischartigen, zu denen zahlreiche Grundfische und Spaltenbewohner der Felsküsten und Gezeitentümpel zählen. Über 350 Arten bevölkern in über 50 Gattungen die Meeresküsten aller Weltmeere, vor allem der tropischen und subtropischen Zonen, und besetzen sehr unterschiedliche ökologische Nischen, beispielsweise über verschiedene Nahrungs-Spezialisierung. Wenige Arten kommen auch im Süß- und Brackwasser vor.

Merkmale

Schleimfische sind in den meisten Fällen kleine Fische, die größte Art, Xiphasia setifer[1], erreicht eine Maximallänge von 53 cm. Die meisten Arten bleiben unterhalb von 15 cm. Ihr Körper ist schuppenlos, nur wenige Arten verfügen noch über modifizierte Seitenlinienschuppen. Die Seitenlinie ist nur zu Beginn deutlich. Der Kopf ist meistens stumpf, die Prämaxillare nicht protraktil (nicht vorstreckbar). Auf Stirn und über den Augen sitzen oft artspezifische Hauttentakel. Die Zähne auf den Kiefern sind klein, spitz, feststehend oder beweglich und in einfachen Reihen kammartig angeordnet. Einige Gattungen verfügen über verlängerte Eckzähne, die bei der Gattung Meiacanthus mit Giftdrüsen versehen sind. Das Gaumenbein ist zahnlos, Zähne auf dem Pflugscharbein können vorhanden sein oder fehlen. Die Bauchflossen sitzen kehlständig vor dem Brustflossenansatz. Sie besitzen einen unauffälligen Stachel und zwei bis vier segmentierte Weichstrahlen. Zwei Plagiotremus-Arten fehlen die Bauchflossen. Die Rückenflosse bildet einen langen Flossensaum, der den größten Teil des Rückens einnimmt und wird von drei bis 17 relativ biegsamen Flossenstacheln und neun bis 119 gegliederten Weichstrahlen gestützt, die Afterflosse hat zwei schwache Flossenstacheln, die bei den Weibchen rückgebildet sind. Die Brustflossen der Schleimfische verfügen über 10 bis 18 unverzweigte Flossenstrahlen. Die Schwanzflosse wird von verzweigten oder unverzweigten Flossenstrahlen gestützt. Die Anzahl der Wirbel liegt bei 28 bis 44 (bis zu 135 bei Xiphasia). Schleimfische sind oft prachtvoll gefärbt.

Ein Basisphenoid (Schädelknochen) ist außer bei den Nemophini immer vorhanden. Die Schwimmblase ist bei ausgewachsenen Schleimfischen meist nicht mehr vorhanden. Ausnahmen sind die Gattungen Phenablennius und Omox, sowie der Tribus Nemophini, wo eine kleine, leicht zu übersehende Schwimmblase vorkommt.

Lebensweise

Schleimfische sind Bodenbewohner, die vor allem in felsigen Biotopen anzutreffen sind. Die meisten Arten ernähren sich als Aufwuchsfresser von Algen und dem darin enthaltenen Makrozoobenthos, einige Arten sind Planktonfresser, wenige fressen parasitisch Flossen- oder Hautstücke größerer Fische. Schleimfische sind Substratlaicher, die Weibchen legen ihre Eier in die Wohnhöhlen der Männchen, wo sie dann bis zum Schlupf der Larven vom Männchen oder von beiden Eltern bewacht werden.

 src=
Juwelen-Felshüpfer (Salarias fasciatus)

Innere Systematik

Literatur

  • Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  • Kurt Fiedler: Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, Band II, Teil 2: Fische. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
  • KORALLE, Meerwasseraquaristik-Fachmagazin, Oktober/November 2007, Natur und Tier - Verlag,

Einzelnachweise

  1. Xiphasia setifer auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
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Schleimfische: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Die Schleimfische (Blenniidae, griech. ἡ βλέννα und τό βλέννος, Schleim), auch Blenniiden, Unbeschuppte Schleimfische oder Nackte Schleimfische genannt, sind eine Fischfamilie aus der Unterordnung der Schleimfischartigen, zu denen zahlreiche Grundfische und Spaltenbewohner der Felsküsten und Gezeitentümpel zählen. Über 350 Arten bevölkern in über 50 Gattungen die Meeresküsten aller Weltmeere, vor allem der tropischen und subtropischen Zonen, und besetzen sehr unterschiedliche ökologische Nischen, beispielsweise über verschiedene Nahrungs-Spezialisierung. Wenige Arten kommen auch im Süß- und Brackwasser vor.

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Slingurke ( 波士尼亞語 )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

Slingurke (Blenniidae) su najveća riblja porodica u podredu babica (Blennioidei), a sastoje se od šest grupa s 53 roda i 345 vrsta.

Porodica se sastoji od šest tribusa:

Salariini – 26 rodova
Parablenniini – 12 rodova
Blenniini – 2 roda
Omobranchini – 7 rodova
Phenablenniini – 1 rod
Sabljozubi (Neomophini) – 5 rodova

Više informacija može se naći u popisu rodova slingurki.

Opis

Ime slingurke su dobile po svom slinavom tijelu, bez ljuštura, vitkom i izduženom tijelu, jakim čeljustima sa jednim redom češljastih zuba. Glava slingurki je većinom tupasta i ukrašena nekom vrstom izrasline. Raznih su boja, šara i uzoraka. Neke vrste imaju i po nekoliko različitih uzoraka na tijelu. Ove karakteristike ima velika većina slingurki, premda poneke imaju različitosti, kao vrste sa velikim očnjacima ili rod Meiacanthus koja ima otrovni ugriz, tj. šuplje očnjake kroz koje ubrizgava otrov.

Većina slingurki se hrani algama i sitnim životinjicama, a postoje neke vrste koje će napasti i druge ribe sa namjerom otkidanja dijelova njihovog tijela.

Većinom žive u moru, a neke vrste se mogu naći i u ušćima rijeka ili čak jezerima. Veličina im je mala, rijetki primjerci narastu do 55 cm, većina je mnogo manja.

Razmnožavanje im je tokom cijele godine, jedan mužjak se pari s više ženki. Kod mnogo vrsta, mužjak čuva jajašca dok se ne izlegu mladi. Jaja su skrivena, vrlo često u rupi mužjaka ili negdje blizu nje.

Najveći dio slingurki živi skriveno da bi izbjegli grabljivce, stapajući se s okolinom ili skrivajući se po rupama i procjepima. Neke vrste mogu pobjeći skačući preko kamenja ili izlaskom van mora. Meiacanthus, već navedeni rod s otrovnim ugrizom, se njime štiti od predatora, a neke druge vrste slingurki ga izgledom oponašaju, te se tako štite.

Slingurke se ne upotrebljavaju u prehrani, poneke vrste se drže kao akvarijski primjerci.

Drugi projekti

Commons-logo.svgU Wikimedijinu spremniku nalazi se još podataka o: BlenniidaeWikispecies-logo.svgWikivrste imaju podatke o: Blenniidae

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Slingurke: Brief Summary ( 波士尼亞語 )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

Slingurke (Blenniidae) su najveća riblja porodica u podredu babica (Blennioidei), a sastoje se od šest grupa s 53 roda i 345 vrsta.

Porodica se sastoji od šest tribusa:

Salariini – 26 rodova Parablenniini – 12 rodova Blenniini – 2 roda Omobranchini – 7 rodova Phenablenniini – 1 rod Sabljozubi (Neomophini) – 5 rodova

Više informacija može se naći u popisu rodova slingurki.

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Combtooth blenny ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Combtooth blenny (Alticus anjouanae), La Réunion

Combtooth blennies are blenniiformids; percomorph marine fish of the family Blenniidae, part of the order Blenniiformes. They are the largest family of blennies with around 401 known species in 58 genera. Combtooth blennies are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; some species are also found in brackish and even freshwater environments.

Description

The body plan of the combtooth blennies is archetypal to all other blennioids; their blunt heads and eyes are large, with large continuous dorsal fins (which may have three to 17 spines). Their bodies are compressed, elongated, and scaleless; their small, slender pelvic fins (which are absent in only two species) are situated before their enlarged pectoral fins, and their tail fins are rounded. As their name would suggest, combtooth blennies are noted for the comb-like teeth lining their jaws.

By far the largest species is the eel-like hairtail blenny at 53 cm in length; most other members of the family are much smaller. Combtooth blennies are active and often highly colourful, making them popular in the aquarium hobby.

Habitat and behaviour

Blue-lined sabertooth blenny Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos in a rock hole

Generally benthic fish, combtooth blennies spend much of their time on or near the bottom. They may inhabit the rocky crevices of reefs, burrows in sandy or muddy substrates, or even empty shells. Generally found in shallow waters, some combtooth blennies are capable of leaving the water for short periods during low tide, aided by their large pectoral fins which act as "feet". Small benthic crustaceans, mollusks, and other sessile invertebrates are the primary food items for most species; others eat algae or plankton.

One exceptional group of combtooth blennies deserves special mention: the so-called sabre-toothed blennies of the genera Aspidontus, Meiacanthus, Petroscirtes, Plagiotremus, and Xiphasia. These blennies have fang-like teeth with venom glands at their bases. Species of the genera Aspidontus and Plagiotremus (such as the false cleanerfish) are noted for their cunning mimicry of cleaner wrasses: by imitating the latter's colour, form, and behaviour, the blennies are able to trick other fish (or even divers) into letting down their guard, long enough for the blennies to nip a quick mouthful of skin or scale.

A very protective Petroscirtes variabilis male risks his life to protect his brood

Some combtooth blennies form small groups, while others are solitary and territorial. They may be either diurnal or nocturnal, depending on the species. Females lay eggs in shells or under rock ledges; males guard the nest of eggs until hatching.

Close-up of eggs mass in the various developmental stages. The clear orange eggs are likely recently laid, while those with eyes were laid earlier

In some species, the eggs may remain in the oviduct of the female until hatched. The fry of some species undergo an 'ophioblennius' stage, wherein the fish are pelagic (i.e., inhabiting the midwater) and have greatly enlarged pectoral fins and hooked teeth.

Classification

Toxic Meiacanthus grammistes imitates the coloration of wrasses

This family is currently divided into two subfamilies and approximately 58 genera and 397 species.[1]

The following genera are classified within the family Blenniidae:[2][3]

Timeline

See also

References

  1. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). "Blenniidae" in FishBase. February 2013 version.
  3. ^ Smith-Vaniz, W.F. & Rose, J.M. (2012): Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini). Zootaxa,3249: 39–46.
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Combtooth blenny: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供
Combtooth blenny (Alticus anjouanae), La Réunion

Combtooth blennies are blenniiformids; percomorph marine fish of the family Blenniidae, part of the order Blenniiformes. They are the largest family of blennies with around 401 known species in 58 genera. Combtooth blennies are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; some species are also found in brackish and even freshwater environments.

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Blenniidae ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Los blénidos (Blenniidae), en algunos lugares denominados borrachos, es una familia de peces marinos incluida en el orden Perciformes. Se distribuyen por los mares tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo, siendo raros en aguas de río o salobres.

La mayoría tienen menos de 15 cm de longitud, con el cuerpo sin escamas y con una cabeza chata sin punta. Los dientes se disponen en la mandíbula parecidos a un peine, fijos o móviles. Presentan algunas espinas en las aletas dorsal y anal. Normalmente los adultos no tienen vejiga natatoria, por lo que suelen estar pegados al fondo salvo que naden activamente.[1]

Algunos son herbívoros, aunque la mayoría comen tanto algas como pequeños invertebrados. Algunos son peces limpiadores, comiendo los pequeños invertebrados que viven sobre otros peces.[1]

Los machos atraen a las hembras para que depositen sus huevos en pequeños hoyos que excavan o dentro de conchas vacías de molusco, para después ser protegidos por el macho o por ambos miembros de la pareja.[1]

Géneros

Existen cerca de 400 especies agrupadas en los siguientes géneros:[2]

Galería de imágenes

Referencias

  1. a b c Nelson, J.S., 1994. Fishes of the world. Third edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 600 p.
  2. "Chaenopsidae". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en agosto de 2015. N.p.: FishBase, 2015.

 title=
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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Los blénidos (Blenniidae), en algunos lugares denominados borrachos, es una familia de peces marinos incluida en el orden Perciformes. Se distribuyen por los mares tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo, siendo raros en aguas de río o salobres.

La mayoría tienen menos de 15 cm de longitud, con el cuerpo sin escamas y con una cabeza chata sin punta. Los dientes se disponen en la mandíbula parecidos a un peine, fijos o móviles. Presentan algunas espinas en las aletas dorsal y anal. Normalmente los adultos no tienen vejiga natatoria, por lo que suelen estar pegados al fondo salvo que naden activamente.​

Algunos son herbívoros, aunque la mayoría comen tanto algas como pequeños invertebrados. Algunos son peces limpiadores, comiendo los pequeños invertebrados que viven sobre otros peces.​

Los machos atraen a las hembras para que depositen sus huevos en pequeños hoyos que excavan o dentro de conchas vacías de molusco, para después ser protegidos por el macho o por ambos miembros de la pareja.​

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Blenniidae ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Blenido (Blenniidae) kabuxaren familiako arrainez esaten da. Azal lirdingatsua eta ezkata gutxikoa dute; buru handikoak eta luzezkak izaten dira, eskuz harrapatzeko oso gaiztoak. Ur gazitakoak dira gehienak, oso gutxi ur gezatakoak. Kabuxetan badira dozenaren bat nahiko ezagunak: kabuxa tximeleta (blennius ocellaris), ibai-kabuxa (blennius fluviatilis), etab.

Generoak

Familiak genero haiek ditu:

Bilakaera

Hona hemen generoen bilakaera:[2]

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2012) «Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini)» Zootaxa 3249: 39–46.
  2. Sepkoski, Jack (2002) «A compendium of fossil marine animal genera» Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560.


Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Blenido (Blenniidae) kabuxaren familiako arrainez esaten da. Azal lirdingatsua eta ezkata gutxikoa dute; buru handikoak eta luzezkak izaten dira, eskuz harrapatzeko oso gaiztoak. Ur gazitakoak dira gehienak, oso gutxi ur gezatakoak. Kabuxetan badira dozenaren bat nahiko ezagunak: kabuxa tximeleta (blennius ocellaris), ibai-kabuxa (blennius fluviatilis), etab.

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Luikerot ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Luikerot eli limakalat (Blenniidae) on pienehköjen kalojen heimo, johon kuuluu 345 lajia, jotka jaetaan 53 sukuun.[1][2]

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Luikeroiden pää on tylppäkuonoinen, eikä ihossa erotu suomuja.[3] Silmät ovat suhteellisen suuret ja sijaitsevat pään yläosassa, mikä antaa kalalle hiukan sammakkoeläinmäisen ulkonäön.

Alkuperä

Luikeroita elää Atlantin, Intian valtameren ja Tyynenmeren trooppisissa ja subtrooppisissa osissa, yleensä meressä, harvoin murtovedessä tai makeassa vedessä.[3] Monet lajit ovat suosittuja akvaariokaloja. Välimeren seudulla elää luonnonvarainen jokiluikero.

Käyttäytyminen

Luikerot nöpöttävät usein rintaeviensä varassa lähellä pohjaa samalla tavalla kuin tokot. Ne ovat luonnossakin hyvin reviiristään tietoisia kaloja, joten niitä ei kannata pitää monta samassa akvaariossa.[4]

Luikerot sekoitetaan helposti tokkoihin. Anatomian selvin ero on selkäevä, joka luikeroilla jatkuu yhtenäisenä koko selän yli. Pohjalla maatessaan ne pitävät vartaloaan luonteenomaisesti kaarella. Luikerot ovat kovia hyppimään, ja siirtyvät luonnossa riutanlammikosta toiseen hyppäämällä.[5]

Akvaariossa suosittuja lajeja

Lähteet

  1. Markku Varjo, Lauri Koli ja Harri Dahlström: Maailman kalojen nimet, s. 98. (suom.nimi, lajien määrä). Vanamo, 2004. ISBN 951-9108-13-0.
  2. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS (taksonomian ja tiet. nimen lähde). Viitattu 8.5.2007.
  3. a b Family Blenniidae (peilipalvelin) FishBase. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (toim.). Viitattu 8.5.2007. (englanniksi)
  4. Meriakvaarion perustamismanuaali / Kalat Aqua Web. Viitattu 7.5.2007.
  5. Saltwaterfish.com

Aiheesta muualla

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Luikerot: Brief Summary ( 芬蘭語 )

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Luikerot eli limakalat (Blenniidae) on pienehköjen kalojen heimo, johon kuuluu 345 lajia, jotka jaetaan 53 sukuun.

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Blenniidae ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Les Blenniidae sont une famille appartenant à l'ordre des Perciformes et au sous-ordre des Blennioidei. Elle comprend des espèces de petits poissons benthiques appelés blennies, ou, de manière plus précise pour cette famille « Blennies à dents de peignes » (Combtooths blennies en anglais) à cause de leur denture caractéristique qui les différencie des membres des autres familles de blennies du sous-ordre Blennioidei. Cette famille comprend 53 genres et 345 espèces connues.

Description

 src=
Parablennius rouxi, une espèce typiquement méditerranéenne.

Ces poissons sont notamment caractérisés par un corps effilé et sans écailles, un museau droit et des nageoires dorsale et pectorale particulièrement longues et leurs mâchoires ne sont pas protractiles. Ces espèces ne possèdent pas de vessie natatoire. Les dents sont fixées sur les mandibules comme un peigne. Elles portent généralement des cirres au-dessus des yeux et sur la nuque. La plupart mesurent moins de 15 centimètres de long et possèdent une tête plate caractéristique.

 src=
Blennies à dents de peigne, île de Ko Tao, Thaïlande

Souvent confondus avec les gobies, il existe cependant un moyen infaillible de les distinguer : la nageoire dorsale des gobies est bipartite, alors que celle des blennies est continue sur tout le dos.

Alimentation

La plupart des espèces se nourrissent d'algues et d'invertébrés, ou de plancton.

Reproduction

Lors de la reproduction, les mâles attirent les femelles près de coquilles de mollusques vides, où elles déposent leurs œufs afin qu'ils soient fécondés par le mâle, qui les défendra jusqu’à l’éclosion[2].

Distribution

On trouve souvent ces poissons sur les fonds rocheux ou sableux, cachés dans des anfractuosités dans la roche ou le sable, des cavités ou des coquilles de gastéropodes. Ces poissons ont une large distribution dans les eaux tropicales et subtropicales de l'océan Atlantique, l'océan Indien et l'océan Pacifique, ainsi que la mer Rouge, la mer Méditerranée où ils sont très répandus. Quelques espèces vivent en eaux saumâtres ou douces[3] : on les retrouve dans les estuaires et les rivières connectées à la mer de ces mêmes zones.

Genres

Selon World Register of Marine Species (18 avril 2014)[4] :

Galerie

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Les Blenniidae sont une famille appartenant à l'ordre des Perciformes et au sous-ordre des Blennioidei. Elle comprend des espèces de petits poissons benthiques appelés blennies, ou, de manière plus précise pour cette famille « Blennies à dents de peignes » (Combtooths blennies en anglais) à cause de leur denture caractéristique qui les différencie des membres des autres familles de blennies du sous-ordre Blennioidei. Cette famille comprend 53 genres et 345 espèces connues.

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Slingurke ( 克羅埃西亞語 )

由wikipedia hr Croatian提供

Slingurke (Blenniidae) su najveća riblja porodica u podredu babica (Blennioidei), a sastoje se od šest grupa s 53 roda i 345 vrsta.

Porodica se sastoji od šest tribusa:

Salariini – 26 rodova
Parablenniini – 12 rodova
Blenniini – 2 roda
Omobranchini – 7 rodova
Phenablenniini – 1 rod
Sabljozubi (Neomophini) – 5 rodova

Više informacija može se naći u popisu rodova slingurki.

Opis

Ime slingurke su dobile po svom slinavom tijelu, bez ljuštura, vitkom i izduljenom tijelu, jakim čeljustima s jednim redom češljastih zuba. Glava slingurki je većinom tupasta i ukrašena nekom vrstom izrasline. Raznih su boja, šara i uzoraka, neke vrste imaju i po nekoliko različitih uzoraka na tijelu. Ove karakteristike ima velika većina slingurki, premda poneke imaju različitosti, kao vrste s velikim očnjacima ili rod Meiacanthus koja ima otrovni ugriz, tj. šuplje očnjake kroz koje ubrizgava otrov.

Većina slingurki se hrani algama i sitnim životinjicama, a postoje neke vrste koje će napasti i druge ribe sa namjerom otkidanja dijelova njihovog tijela.

Većinom žive u moru, a neke vrste se mogu naći i u ušćima rijeka ili čak jezerima. Veličina im je mala, rijetki primjerci narastu do 55 cm, većina je mnogo manja.

Razmnožavanje im je tijekom cijele godine, jedan mužjak se pari s više ženki. Kod mnogo vrsta, mužjak čuva jajašca dok se ne izlegu mladi. Jaja su skrivena, vrlo često u rupi mužjaka ili negdje blizu nje.

Najveći dio slingurki živi skriveno da bi izbjegli grabljivce, stapajući se s okolinom ili skrivajući se po rupama i procjepima. Neke vrste mogu pobjeći skačući preko kamenja ili izlaskom van mora. Meiacanthus, već navedeni rod s otrovnim ugrizom, se njime štiti od predatora, a neke druge vrste slingurki ga izgledom oponašaju, te se tako štite.

Slingurke se ne upotrebljavaju u prehrani, poneke vrste se drže kao akvarijski primjerci.

Drugi projekti

Commons-logo.svgU Wikimedijinu spremniku nalazi se još gradiva na temu: SlingurkeWikispecies-logo.svgWikivrste imaju podatke o: Slingurkama
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Slingurke: Brief Summary ( 克羅埃西亞語 )

由wikipedia hr Croatian提供

Slingurke (Blenniidae) su najveća riblja porodica u podredu babica (Blennioidei), a sastoje se od šest grupa s 53 roda i 345 vrsta.

Porodica se sastoji od šest tribusa:

Salariini – 26 rodova Parablenniini – 12 rodova Blenniini – 2 roda Omobranchini – 7 rodova Phenablenniini – 1 rod Sabljozubi (Neomophini) – 5 rodova

Više informacija može se naći u popisu rodova slingurki.

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Blenniidae ( 義大利語 )

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I Blenniidae sono una famiglia di pesci ossei principalmente marini appartenenti all'ordine Perciformes. Sono comunemente noti in italiano come bavose.

Descrizione

I Blenniidae hanno corpo allungato e muso arrotondato o tronco, con fronte quasi verticale. Tratti caratteristici della famiglia sono le creste e i lobi cutanei disposti sulla testa (tentacoli nasali, sopraorbitali e nucali), che rivestono grande importanza per la tassonomia di generi e specie. Gli occhi sono vicini al profilo dorsale del capo, spesso sporgenti. Il corpo è privo di scaglie ma è coperto di un muco viscido. I denti sono numerosi, robusti, di solito piccoli anche se alcune specie hanno grosse zanne caniniformi In alcune specie del genere Meiacanthus queste zanne sono scanalate e collegate a ghiandole velenifere[1]. La vescica natatoria non è mai presente negli adulti. La linea laterale può essere completa o arrestarsi poco oltre la testa. I raggi spiniformi e molli delle pinne non sono facilmente distinguibili perché i primi sono morbidi e i secondi non sono mai divisi. La pinna dorsale è lunga, composta per metà da raggi spinosi morbidi e metà da raggi molli; di solito è di altezza omogenea ma in alcune specie può avere un'incisione mediana e le due parti possono essere di altezza e forma diverse. La pinna anale è lunga, ha due raggi spinosi e altezza uniforme. La pinna caudale non è mai biloba. Le pinne ventrali sono inserite in posizione giugulare, sono ridotte con un raggio spinoso brevissimo e da 1 a 3 raggi molli; in due generi sono assenti. Le pinne pettorali sono ampie[2][3].

La colorazione è molto variabile, anche nell'arco di pochi minuti, per effetto di cambiamenti nelle condizioni ambientali o dello stato d'animo dell'animale. Molte specie hanno colorazione mimetica, altre hanno colori vivacissimi[2].

Le dimensioni sono in genere inferiori a 15 cm, Xiphasia setifer raggiunge i 53 cm[4].

Biologia

Alimentazione

In genere sono onnivori e si cibano di alghe e di invertebrati. Poche specie sono planctofaghe. Alcuni Blenniidae si cibano di scaglie e pezzi di pelle di altri pesci. Per avvicinarsi a pesci di grossa taglia potenzialmente pericolosi la specie Aspidontus taeniatus imita il labride pulitore Labroides dimidiatus non solo nell'aspetto e nella livrea ma perfino nel modo caratteristico di nuotare[3].

Riproduzione

Le bavose sono ovipare, a fecondazione esterna, con uova adesive deposte in un nido. Il nido è formato da un buco nella roccia o nel sedimento, oppure in una valva di mollusco bivalve. Le uova vengono sorvegliate dal maschio o da entrambi i genitori. Le larve sono pelagiche e spesso si trovano in acque basse costiere[3]. In molte specie il dimorfismo sessuale è evidente[2].

Distribuzione e habitat

Sono diffusi pressoché in tutti i mari del mondo con l'eccezione di quelli polari ma sono particolarmente diffusi in quelli tropicali e subtropicali. Sono comuni con molte specie (molte delle quali endemiche) nel mar Mediterraneo. In generale l'endemismo è comune tra i blennidi a causa delle limitate capacità di dispersione di questi pesci. Poche specie (tra cui Salaria fluviatilis) si sono adattate alla vita nelle acque dolci, poche altre si possono trovare in acqua salmastra. Le specie marine sono quasi invariabilmente costiere, frequenti su fondi duri, barriere coralline, foreste di mangrovie e nei pressi delle foci dei fiumi, sempre in acque basse, anche del piano mesolitorale. Alcune specie possono uscire dall'acqua e sostare sugli scogli emersi per qualche tempo. Tutti i Blenniidae sono strettamente bentonici[2][3].

Tassonomia

La famiglia Blenniidae comprende 53 generi per complessive 345 specie.[4]

Pesca

Non hanno nessuna importanza per la pesca.

Acquariofilia

Alcune specie vengono frequentemente allevate negli acquari marini tra cui: Salarias fasciatus, Ophioblennius atlanticus, Ecsenius midas, Ecsenius bicolor.[5]

Note

  1. ^ Tortonese E. Ambienti e pesci dei mari tropicali, Calderini, 1983
  2. ^ a b c d Enrico Tortonese, Osteichthyes, Bologna, Calderini, 1975.
  3. ^ a b c d (EN) Scheda da Fishbase
  4. ^ a b (EN) Lista delle specie da Fishbase
  5. ^ https://acquariocomefare.com/

Bibliografia

  • Bath, H. Blenniidae. In: Hureau & Monod 1973 (pp. 519-527) Clofnam v. 1.
  • Francesco Tiralongo, Blennidi delle acque italiane - Guida alla conoscenza e all'identificazione delle specie, Roma, Ireco, 2015, ISBN 978-88-86253-45-1.

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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供
 src= Meiacanthus grammistes  src= Lipophrys nigriceps  src= Salaria pavo  src= Petroscirtes springeri  src= Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos  src= Exallias brevis  src= Blennius ocellaris  src= Ecsenius axelrodi

I Blenniidae sono una famiglia di pesci ossei principalmente marini appartenenti all'ordine Perciformes. Sono comunemente noti in italiano come bavose.

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Jūros šuniukai ( 立陶宛語 )

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Jūros šuniukai (lot. Blenniidae, angl. Combtooth blennies, vok. Schleimfische) – ešeržuvių (Perciformes) būrio žuvų šeima, kuriai priklauso nedidelės spalvingos jūrų pakrančių žuvys su labai gleivėta bežvyne oda. Galva buka, akys išsidėsčiusios aukštai galvoje.

Šeimoje apie 350-370 rūšių:

Gentys

Vikiteka

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Jūros šuniukai: Brief Summary ( 立陶宛語 )

由wikipedia LT提供

Jūros šuniukai (lot. Blenniidae, angl. Combtooth blennies, vok. Schleimfische) – ešeržuvių (Perciformes) būrio žuvų šeima, kuriai priklauso nedidelės spalvingos jūrų pakrančių žuvys su labai gleivėta bežvyne oda. Galva buka, akys išsidėsčiusios aukštai galvoje.

Šeimoje apie 350-370 rūšių:

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Naakte slijmvissen ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

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Vissen
 src=
Parablennius gattorugine, een slijmvis die wordt aangetroffen in de Atlantische Oceaan en de Middellandse Zee
 src=
Parablennius rouxi, een slijmvis die kan worden aangetroffen in de Middellandse Zee

De naakte slijmvissen (Blenniidae) vormen een familie van baarsachtige vissen.

Kenmerken

De vissen hebben over het algemeen grote ogen, en een lange doorlopende rugvin. Het lichaam is zijdelings samengedrukt en langgerekt, en de huid heeft geen schubben. De vissen hebben tanden die overeenkomsten vertonen met een kam. De grootste soort in deze familie is Xiphasia setifer die 53 centimeter lang kan worden; de meeste andere leden zijn echter veel kleiner. Het zijn actieve en vaak kleurrijke vissen, waardoor het populaire aquariumvissen zijn. De geslachten Aspidontus, Meiacanthus, Petroscirtes, Plagiotremus en Xiphasia bezitten giftanden. Deze vijf geslachten vormen samen de geslachtengroep Nemophini (sabeltandslijmvissen).

Verspreiding

Leden van deze familie worden aangetroffen in tropische en subtropische wateren van de Atlantische, Indische en Grote Oceaan. Sommige soorten komen ook in brak en zelfs zoet water voor.

Leefwijze

Over het algemeen leven de vissen dicht bij de bodem, vaak in ondiep water. Ze kunnen korte tijd buiten het water leven, bijvoorbeeld tijdens laagwater, waarbij de sterke borstvinnen als "poten" dienen. Ze voeden zich voornamelijk met kreeftachtigen, mosselen en andere ongewervelden. Sommige soorten eten algen en plankton. Sommige naakte slijmvissen vormen kleine groepen, terwijl andere solitair en territoriaal zijn. De wijfjes leggen eieren in schelpen of onder overhangende rotsen. De mannetjes bewaken het nest tot de eieren uitkomen.

Imitatie

Van soorten uit de geslachten Apistodontus en Plagiotremus is bekend dat ze andere vissen, zoals onder meer (lipvissen (Labridae)), imiteren op het gebied van kleur, vorm en gedrag, en zich zo als poetsvis voordoen. Hierdoor kunnen ze van sommige vissen een hap nemen van de huid. Zie ook valse poetsvis.

Geslachten

Er zijn 371 soorten in 53[1] tot 59[2] geslachten beschreven:

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Onderordes en families van Baarsachtigen (Perciformes)
Onderorde Acanthuroidei (Doktersvisachtigen):Acanthuridae · Ephippidae · Luvaridae · Scatophagidae · Siganidae · ZanclidaeOnderorde Anabantoidei (Labyrintvisachtigen):Anabantidae · Badidae · Datnioididae · Helostomatidae · OsphronemidaeOnderorde Blennioidei (Slijmvisachtigen):Blenniidae · Chaenopsidae · Clinidae · Dactyloscopidae · Labrisomidae · TripterygiidaeOnderorde Callionymoidei (Pitvisachtigen):Callionymidae · DraconettidaeOnderorde Channoidei:ChannidaeOnderorde Elassomatoidei:ElassomatidaeOnderorde Gobiesocoidei:GobiesocidaeOnderorde Gobioidei (Grondelachtigen):Eleotridae · Gobiidae · Kraemeriidae · Microdesmidae · Odontobutidae · Ptereleotridae · Rhyacichthyidae · Schindleriidae · XenisthmidaeOnderorde Icosteoidei:IcosteidaeOnderorde Kurtoidei (Kurtiden):KurtidaeOnderorde Labroidei (Lipvisachtigen):Cichlidae · Embiotocidae · Labridae · Odacidae · Pomacentridae · ScaridaeOnderorde Notothenioidei:Artedidraconidae · Bathydraconidae · Bovichtidae · Channichthyidae · Eleginopidae · Harpagiferidae · Nototheniidae · PseudaphritidaeOnderorde Percoidei (Baarsvissen):Cepoloidea · Cirrhitoidea · PercoideaOnderorde Scombroidei (Makreelachtigen):Gempylidae · Istiophoridae · Scombridae · Sphyraenidae · Trichiuridae · XiphiidaeOnderorde Scombrolabracoidei:ScombrolabracidaeOnderorde Stromateoidei (Grootbekachtigen):Amarsipidae · Centrolophidae · Nomeidae · Ariommatidae · Tetragonuridae · StromateidaeOnderorde Trachinoidei (Pietermanachtigen):Ammodytidae · Champsodontidae · Cheimarrichthyidae · Chiasmodontidae · Creediidae · Leptoscopidae · Percophidae · Pholidichthyidae · Pinguipedidae · Trachinidae · Trichodontidae · Trichonotidae · UranoscopidaeOnderorde Zoarcoidei (Puitalen):Anarhichadidae · Bathymasteridae · Cryptacanthodidae · Pholidae · Ptilichthyidae · Scytalinidae · Stichaeidae · Zaproridae · Zoarcidae
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Naakte slijmvissen: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供
 src= Parablennius gattorugine, een slijmvis die wordt aangetroffen in de Atlantische Oceaan en de Middellandse Zee  src= Parablennius rouxi, een slijmvis die kan worden aangetroffen in de Middellandse Zee

De naakte slijmvissen (Blenniidae) vormen een familie van baarsachtige vissen.

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Tangkvabber ( 挪威語 )

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Tangkvabber er en gruppe piggfinnefisker.

Beskrivelse

De har butte hoder med store øyne, og store sammenhengende ryggfinner som kan ha 3–17 piggstråler. Kroppene er flattrykte, avlange og uten skjell. De små, slanke brystfinnene (som er fraværende i bare to arter) befinner seg foran de forstørrede bukfinnene, og halefinnen er avrundet. De har kamaktige tenner langs kjevene.

Den største arten blir opptil 53 cm lang, de fleste andre er mye mindre. De er aktive fisk og ofte veldig fargerike, noe som gjør dem populær i akvariehobbyen.

Habitat og adferd

Tangkvabbene bruker mye av tiden sin på bunnen. De kan holde til i steinete områder av rev, huler i sand eller mudder-underlag, eller tomme skjell. De finnes oftest på grunt vann, og noen tangkvabber er i stand til å forlate vannet for korte perioder ved fjære sjø. De bruker da de store bukfinnene som «føtter». Små bunnlevende krepsdyr, bløtdyr og andre smådyr er hovedføden for de fleste artene, andre eter alger og plankton.

Det er en gruppe av tangkvabbene som fortjener å nevnes spesielt: de såkalte sabeltann-tangkvabbene i slektene Aspidontus, Meiacanthus, Petroscirtes, Plagiotremus og Xiphasia. Disse tangkvabbene har huggtannaktige tenner som har giftkjertler ved roten.

Medlemmer av slektene Apistodontus og Plagiotremus er kjent for å etterligne rensefisk. Ved å etterligne fargene, formen og adferden til rensefisker, er tangkvabbene i stand til å lure andre fisk (eller dykkere) lenge nok til å nappe til seg en kjapp munnfull hud eller skjell.

Noen tangkvabber danner små grupper, andre er solitære og territorielle. De kan være natt- eller dagaktive, alt etter arten. Hunner legger eggene i skjell eller under steinkanter. Hannene passer redet til eggene klekkes. Hos noen arter forblir eggene i hunnens eggleder til de klekkes. Yngelen hos noen arter gjennomgår et stadium der de lever i de midtre vannlagene og har sterkt forstørrede bukfinner og krokete tenner.

Slekter

Kilder

Eksterne lenker

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Tangkvabber: Brief Summary ( 挪威語 )

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Tangkvabber er en gruppe piggfinnefisker.

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Ślizgowate ( 波蘭語 )

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Ślizgowate[2] (Blenniidae) – rodzina ryb okoniokształtnych (Perciformes). Mają niewielkie, lokalne znaczenie gospodarcze.

Występowanie

Głównie tropikalne i subtropikalne wody oceaniczne Oceanu Spokojnego, Indyjskiego i Atlantyckiego, niektóre gatunki spotykane w wodach słodkich lub słonawych. W Morzu Bałtyckim nie występują.

Cechy charakterystyczne

Ciało mniej lub bardziej wydłużone, bocznie spłaszczone, nagie (pozbawione łusek), pokryte śluzem. Głowa zwykle tępo zakończona, pysk krótki, zaopatrzony w rząd silnych zębów, w rodzaju Meiacanthus połączone z gruczołami jadowymi. płetwy grzbietowa i odbytowa długie, piersiowe dobrze rozwinięte i silnie umięśnione. Ślizgowate osiągają długość 15–54 cm. U większości gatunków brak pęcherza pławnego. Niektóre gatunki, np. ślizg czubaty, potrafią przebywać długo poza wodą. Wiele gatunków wykazuje zdolność do mimikry – upodabniają się wyglądem do gatunków agresywnych.

Klasyfikacja

Rodzaje zaliczane do tej rodziny [3]:

AdelotremusAidablenniusAlloblenniusAlticusAndamiaAntennablenniusAspidontusAtrosalariasBathyblenniusBlenniellaBlenniusChalarodermaChasmodesCirripectesCirrisalariasCoryphoblenniusCrossosalariasDodekablennosEcseniusEnchelyurusEntomacrodusExalliasGlyptoparusHaptogenysHirculopsHypleurochilusHypsoblenniusIstiblenniusLaiphognathusLipophrysLitobranchusLupinoblenniusMedusablenniusMeiacanthusMicrolipophrysMimoblenniusNannosalariasOmanOmobranchusOmoxOphioblenniusParablenniusParahypsosParalticusParenchelyurusPereulixiaPetroscirtesPhenablenniusPlagiotremusPraealticusRhabdoblenniusSalariaSalariasScartellaScartichthysSpaniblenniusStanulusXiphasia

Przypisy

  1. Blenniidae, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973
  3. Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (7 June 2012) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 27 lipca 2012].

Bibliografia

  1. Mały słownik zoologiczny: ryby. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1976.
  2. Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. Wyd. 4. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN 0-471-25031-7. (ang.)

Zobacz też

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Ślizgowate: Brief Summary ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供

Ślizgowate (Blenniidae) – rodzina ryb okoniokształtnych (Perciformes). Mają niewielkie, lokalne znaczenie gospodarcze.

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Blenniidae ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Os Blenniidae ou Bleniídeos[1][2] são uma família de peixes teleósteos, da subordem Blennioidei, caracterizados pelo corpo fusiforme, pela pele lisa e sem escamas, pela cabeça rombiforme e barbatana dorsal comprida.

São comummente conhecidos como caboz[3] (não confundir com os demais peixes teleósteos das famílias dos Gobiídeos e dos Batraquídeos, que com ele partilham este nome).

Géneros

Existem cerca de 350 espécies agrupadas em 53 géneros:

Referências

  1. Infopédia. «Bleniídeos | Definição ou significado de Bleniídeos no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Dicionários Porto Editora. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2021
  2. «Bleniídeo». Michaelis On-Line. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2021
  3. Infopédia. «caboz | Definição ou significado de caboz no Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa». Infopédia - Dicionários Porto Editora. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2021
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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Os Blenniidae ou Bleniídeos são uma família de peixes teleósteos, da subordem Blennioidei, caracterizados pelo corpo fusiforme, pela pele lisa e sem escamas, pela cabeça rombiforme e barbatana dorsal comprida.

São comummente conhecidos como caboz (não confundir com os demais peixes teleósteos das famílias dos Gobiídeos e dos Batraquídeos, que com ele partilham este nome).

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Bleniide ( 摩爾多瓦語 )

由wikipedia RO提供

Bleniidele (Blenniidae) (din greaca blenna, blennos = mucozitate) sunt o familie de pești teleosteeni de talie mică din ordinul perciforme, în majoritate marini, care au corpul alungit și comprimat lateral, fără solzi, acoperit de o secreție mucoasă abundentă, ceea ce le permite să rămână pe o perioadă lungă pe uscat. Au ochii mari; deasupra lor adesea 1-2 perechi de tentacule supraorbitare, simple sau ramificate. Gura este terminală sau inferioară cu buze cărnoase. Au un singur rând de dinți incisiformi pe fiecare falcă; adeseori un dinte canin lângă comisura buzelor și uneori dinți pe cerul gurii (vomer); prevomerul și palatinele fără dinți. Înotătoarea dorsală unică sau dublă cu partea anterioară susținută de raze spinoase iar cea posterioară de raze moi. Înotătoarea caudală trunchiată sau rotunjită. Înotătoarea anala lungă, cu 2 spini. Înotătoarele ventrale în poziție jugulară, inserate sub operculi. Înotătoarele pectorale sunt rotunjite. Au o colorația vie, adesea marmorată sau cu dungi sau pete pe flancuri. Acești pești trăiesc în apele litorale ale tuturor mărilor, câteva specii sunt dulcicole. Familia cuprinde aproximativ 400 de specii, dintre care 10 se întâlnesc și în Marea Neagră. Peștii acestei familii sunt numiți blenie, corosbină, cățel de mare, cocoșel de mare, cocoș de mare.

Specii din Marea Neagră

Denumirea științifică latină Autorul taxonului Denumirea română Originea speciei Țara unde se întâlnește Statutul IUCN Imaginea Aidablennius sphynx (Blennius sphinx)[1][2] (Valenciennes, 1836) Iepuraș de mare, Cocoșel de mare Nativă Bulgaria, Georgia, România, Rusia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[3] Aidablennius sphynx.jpg Blennius ocellaris[4][5] Linnaeus, 1758 Cocoșel de mare ocelat Nativă Bulgaria, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[6] Blennius ocellaris Messina.jpg Coryphoblennius galerita[7][8] (Linnaeus, 1758) Cocoșel de mare moțat Nativă Bulgaria, Georgia, România, Rusia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[9] Coryphoblennius galerita.jpg Microlipophrys adriaticus (Lipophrys adriaticus)[10] (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883) Cocoșel de mare adriatic Accidentală Bulgaria, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[11] Lipophrys adriaticus Krk.JPG Parablennius gattorugine[12][13] (Linnaeus, 1758) Cocoșel de mare cu botul turtit Nativă Bulgaria, Turcia Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[14] Parablennius gattorugine Bretagne.jpg Parablennius incognitus[15][16] Bath, 1968 Cocoșel de mare verde Invazivă Bulgaria, Georgia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[17] Parablennius incognitus.jpg Parablennius sanguinolentus (Blennius sanguinolentus)[18][19] (Pallas, 1814) Corosbină, Cățel de mare Nativă Bulgaria, Georgia, România, Rusia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[20] Parablennius sanguinolentus 30-07-07.jpg Parablennius tentacularis (Blennius tentacularis)[21][22] (Brünnich, 1768) Cocoșel de mare, Cocoșel de mare tentaculat Nativă Bulgaria, Georgia, România, Rusia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[23] Parablennius tentacularis 22-07-05 1.jpg Parablennius zvonimiri (Blennius zvonimiri)[24][25] Kolombatovic, 1892 Cocoș de mare, Corosbină cu coarne Nativă Bulgaria, Georgia, România, Rusia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[26] Parablennius zvonimiri 08-04-08 DSCF2468.jpg Salaria pavo (Blennius pavo)[27][28] (Risso, 1810) Corosbină cu creastă, Cocoșel de mare Nativă Bulgaria, Georgia, România, Rusia, Turcia, Ucraina Status iucn3.1 LC.svg
Neamenințată cu dispariția[29] Salaria pavo DSCF9189.jpg

Note

  1. ^ Aidablennius sphynx (Valenciennes, 1836). FishBase
  2. ^ Blennie sphinx, Aidablennius sphynx (Valenciennes, 1836). DORIS
  3. ^ Aidablennius sphynx. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  4. ^ Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758. FishBase
  5. ^ Blennie papillon, Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758. DORIS
  6. ^ Blennius ocellaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  7. ^ Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758). FishBase
  8. ^ Blennie coiffée, Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758). DORIS
  9. ^ Coryphoblennius galerita. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  10. ^ Microlipophrys adriaticus (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883). FishBase
  11. ^ Microlipophrys adriaticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  12. ^ Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758). FishBase
  13. ^ Cabot, Parablennius gattorugine (Linnaeus, 1758). DORIS
  14. ^ Parablennius gattorugine. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  15. ^ Parablennius incognitus (Bath, 1968). FishBase
  16. ^ Blennie diabolo, Parablennius incognitus (Bath, 1968). DORIS
  17. ^ Parablennius incognitus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  18. ^ Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814). FishBase
  19. ^ Blennie palmicorne, Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814). DORIS
  20. ^ Parablennius sanguinolentus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  21. ^ Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768). FishBase
  22. ^ Blennie cornue, Parablennius tentacularis (Brünnich, 1768). DORIS
  23. ^ Parablennius tentacularis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  24. ^ Parablennius zvonimiri (Kolombatovic, 1892). FishBase
  25. ^ Blennie de Zvonimir, Parablennius zvonimiri (Kolombatovic, 1892). DORIS
  26. ^ Parablennius zvonimiri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  27. ^ Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810). FishBase
  28. ^ Blennie-paon, Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810). DORIS
  29. ^ Salaria pavo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Bibliografie

  • Petru Bănărescu. Fauna Republicii Populare Române. Vol. XIII : Pisces - Osteichtyes (Pești ganoizi și osoși). București. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare România, 1964.
  • Sergiu I. Cărăușu. Tratat de ichtiologie. Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române, Bucuresti 1952.
  • Victor Pop. Curs de zoologia vertebratelor. Vol. I. Procordatele, caracterele generale ale vertebratelor, peștii și amfibienii. Litografia Învățământului, Cluj 1957.
  • Z. Feider, Al. V. Grossu, St. Gyurkó, V. Pop. Zoologia vertebratelor. Autor coordonator: Prof. Dr. Doc. Al. V. Grossu. Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, București, 1967.
  • Joseph S. Nelson. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2006.
  • Васильева Е. Д. Рыбы Черного моря. Москва: Изд-во ВНИРО, 2007.
  • А. Н. Световидов. Рыбы Черного Моря. Академия Наук СССР. Издательство «Наука», Москва 1964.

Legături externe

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Bleniide: Brief Summary ( 摩爾多瓦語 )

由wikipedia RO提供

Bleniidele (Blenniidae) (din greaca blenna, blennos = mucozitate) sunt o familie de pești teleosteeni de talie mică din ordinul perciforme, în majoritate marini, care au corpul alungit și comprimat lateral, fără solzi, acoperit de o secreție mucoasă abundentă, ceea ce le permite să rămână pe o perioadă lungă pe uscat. Au ochii mari; deasupra lor adesea 1-2 perechi de tentacule supraorbitare, simple sau ramificate. Gura este terminală sau inferioară cu buze cărnoase. Au un singur rând de dinți incisiformi pe fiecare falcă; adeseori un dinte canin lângă comisura buzelor și uneori dinți pe cerul gurii (vomer); prevomerul și palatinele fără dinți. Înotătoarea dorsală unică sau dublă cu partea anterioară susținută de raze spinoase iar cea posterioară de raze moi. Înotătoarea caudală trunchiată sau rotunjită. Înotătoarea anala lungă, cu 2 spini. Înotătoarele ventrale în poziție jugulară, inserate sub operculi. Înotătoarele pectorale sunt rotunjite. Au o colorația vie, adesea marmorată sau cu dungi sau pete pe flancuri. Acești pești trăiesc în apele litorale ale tuturor mărilor, câteva specii sunt dulcicole. Familia cuprinde aproximativ 400 de specii, dintre care 10 se întâlnesc și în Marea Neagră. Peștii acestei familii sunt numiți blenie, corosbină, cățel de mare, cocoșel de mare, cocoș de mare.

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Blenniidae ( 斯洛伐克語 )

由wikipedia SK提供

Blenniidae je čeľaď rýb z radu ostriežotvaré (Perciformes).

Systém

Blenniidae:

Zdroje

Iné projekty

  • Spolupracuj na Commons Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému Blenniidae
  • Spolupracuj na Wikidruhoch Wikidruhy ponúkajú informácie na tému Blenniidae
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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 斯洛伐克語 )

由wikipedia SK提供

Blenniidae je čeľaď rýb z radu ostriežotvaré (Perciformes).

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Slemfiskar ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Slemfiskar (Blenniidae) är en familj i underordningen slemfisklika fiskar (Blennioidei) som tillhör ordningen abborrartade fiskar. De förekommer vid klippiga kustlinjer på havets botten, i bergssprickor eller i zoner med tidvatten.

Det finns 56 släkten med tillsammans cirka 350 arter. Dessa fiskar har fått sitt namn på grund av att de har en tjock slemhinna på kroppen så att de kan vistas en viss tid utanför vattnet utan att de torkar ut.

Ryggfenan sträcker sig på deras långsträckta kropp från halsen till stjärtroten. Även stjärtfenan är långsträckt. Bröstfenorna har ofta en påfallande storlek. På grund av att de saknar simblåsa och därmed förmågan att sväva i vattnet simmar de med snabba rörelser av fenorna fram- eller uppåt. Sedan sjunker de tillbaka till havets botten eller klamrar sig fast vid en klippa. Markant är även arternas huvud med stora ögon och stor mun.

Några arter har antennliknade föremål på huvudet med det är inte utrett vilken funktion dessa objekt har.

Födans sammansättning beror på arten. Hannar av slemfiskar är ansvariga för vårdnaden av äggen.

Källor

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia

Litteratur

Externa länkar

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Slemfiskar: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Slemfiskar (Blenniidae) är en familj i underordningen slemfisklika fiskar (Blennioidei) som tillhör ordningen abborrartade fiskar. De förekommer vid klippiga kustlinjer på havets botten, i bergssprickor eller i zoner med tidvatten.

Det finns 56 släkten med tillsammans cirka 350 arter. Dessa fiskar har fått sitt namn på grund av att de har en tjock slemhinna på kroppen så att de kan vistas en viss tid utanför vattnet utan att de torkar ut.

Ryggfenan sträcker sig på deras långsträckta kropp från halsen till stjärtroten. Även stjärtfenan är långsträckt. Bröstfenorna har ofta en påfallande storlek. På grund av att de saknar simblåsa och därmed förmågan att sväva i vattnet simmar de med snabba rörelser av fenorna fram- eller uppåt. Sedan sjunker de tillbaka till havets botten eller klamrar sig fast vid en klippa. Markant är även arternas huvud med stora ögon och stor mun.

Några arter har antennliknade föremål på huvudet med det är inte utrett vilken funktion dessa objekt har.

Födans sammansättning beror på arten. Hannar av slemfiskar är ansvariga för vårdnaden av äggen.

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Собачкові ( 烏克蘭語 )

由wikipedia UK提供

Характеристика

Форма тіла морських собачок є типовою, як і для інших представників підряду Blennioidei. Для них характерна закруглені голови, великі очі, великий безперервний спинний плавець, що несе 3-17 шипів. Тіло стиснуте з боків, подовжене, без луски. Маленькі, тонкі черевні плавці (які відсутні лише у двох видів) розташовані вперед від збільшених грудних плавців. Хвостовий плавець закруглений.

Найбільшим представником є Xiphasia setifer, що сягає 53 см довжиною; більшість інших представників родини значно менше. Морські собачки активні та часто яскраво забарвлені, що робить їх популярними в акваріумістів.

Екологія і поведінка

Зазвичай — бентосні риби, більшу частину свого часу проводять на поверхні дна. Можуть мешкати серед скелястих ущелин, рифів, в норах в піщаних або мулистих відкладинах, або порожніх черепашках. Мешкають на мілинах. Деякі морські собачки здатні залишити воду протягом короткого терміну під час відпливу, спираючись на свої великі грудні плавці. Основними об'єктами живлення є дрібні бентосні ракоподібні, молюски та інші безхребетні. Деякі споживають водорості або планктон.


Особливої уваги заслуговує група родів Aspidontus, Meiacanthus, Petroscirtes, Plagiotremus, і Xiphasia. Ці морські собачки мають зуби, що несуть отруйні залози. Представники родів Aspidontus і Plagiotremus відомі завдяки своєї здатності до мімікрії шляхом імітації кольору губанів-чистильників.

Деякі морські собачки утворюють групи, в той час як інші — одиночні і територіальні. Вони можуть бути як денними, так і нічними, в залежності від виду. Самиці відкладають ікру в мушлі, або під каміння, самці охороняють гнізда до вилуплення. Ікра деяких видів може залишитися в тілі самиці до вилуплення.

Роди

 src=
Отруйна Meiacanthus grammistes імітує забарвлення губанів

Часова лінія

Література

Посилання

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Blenniidae ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Cá mào gà (Danh pháp khoa học: Blenniidae) là một họ cá trong bộ cá vược Perciformes. Nhiều loài phân bố ở Đại Tây Dương, Thái Bình Dương, Ấn Độ Dương, nhiều loài trong số chúng được tìm thấy ở vùng nước lợ và kể cả môi trường nước mặn. Các loài cá này bề ngoài nhìn khá giống với cá bống.

Các chi

Có nhiều chi trong họ này[1][2]

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Chủ biên Ranier Froese và Daniel Pauly. (2013). "Blenniidae" trên FishBase. Phiên bản tháng February năm 2013.
  2. ^ a ă Smith-Vaniz, W.F. & Rose, J.M. (2012): Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini). Zootaxa,3249: 39–46.
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Blenniidae: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Cá mào gà (Danh pháp khoa học: Blenniidae) là một họ cá trong bộ cá vược Perciformes. Nhiều loài phân bố ở Đại Tây Dương, Thái Bình Dương, Ấn Độ Dương, nhiều loài trong số chúng được tìm thấy ở vùng nước lợ và kể cả môi trường nước mặn. Các loài cá này bề ngoài nhìn khá giống với cá bống.

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Собачковые ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Семейство: Собачковые
Международное научное название

Blenniidae Rafinesque, 1810

Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 171124NCBI 56718EOL 5368FW 266198

Соба́чковые[1] (лат. Blenniidae) — семейство лучепёрых рыб отряда Blenniiformes. Встречается в тропических и субтропических водах Атлантического, Тихого и Индийского океанов, некоторые виды встречаются также в солоноватой и даже пресной воде.

Описание

У собачковых тупая голова, большие глаза, большой непрерывный спинной плавник с 3—17 шипами. Удлинённое тело без чешуи. Плавательного пузыря нет. Xiphasia setifer длиной до 53 см, остальные виды гораздо меньше, большинство менее 15 см.

Донные животные. Обитают в скалистых рифах, в норах на дне, в раковинах моллюсков и других подходящих местах. Обычно встречаются на мелководье, могут оставить воду не надолго. Основной пищей для большинства видов являются мелкие донные ракообразные, моллюски и другие сидячие беспозвоночные, другие едят водоросли или планктон. Есть одиночные и колониальные виды.

Самцы крупнее самок, охраняют кладку яиц до вылупления мальков. У некоторых видов яйца могут задерживаться в яйцеводах до созревания мальков.

Эндемичный вид Parablennius tentacularis, обитающий на Канарах, обилен в этих водах и является частью традиционной канарской кухни.

Дочерние роды

Всего в семействе собачковых 391 вид рыб[3].


Примечания

  1. Русское название таксона приведено по книге: Вилер А. Сем. Собачковые - Blenniidae // Определитель рыб морских и пресных вод Северо-Европейского бассейна = Key to the Fishes of Northern Europe / Перевод с английского Т. И. Смольяновой под редакцией канд. биол. наук В. П. Серебрякова. — М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1983. — 432 с.
  2. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 328—330. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  3. FishBase: SpeciesList of Blenniidae
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Собачковые: Brief Summary ( 俄語 )

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Соба́чковые (лат. Blenniidae) — семейство лучепёрых рыб отряда Blenniiformes. Встречается в тропических и субтропических водах Атлантического, Тихого и Индийского океанов, некоторые виды встречаются также в солоноватой и даже пресной воде.

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鳚科 ( 漢語 )

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注意:本页面含有Unihan扩展A区用字:「」。有关字符可能會错误显示,詳见Unicode扩展汉字

(英文名:Combtooth blennies學名Blenniidae)為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目䲁亞目的一個

目录

分類

䲁科下分60個屬,如下:

遠䲁屬(Aidablennius

  • 遠䲁Aidablennius sphynx

異䲁屬(Alloblennius

跳彈䲁屬(Alticus

唇盤䲁屬(Andamia

觸角䲁屬(Antennablennius

盾齒䲁屬(Aspidontus

烏䲁屬(Atrosalarias

  • 烏䲁Atrosalarias fuscus
  • 全黑烏䲁Atrosalarias fuscus holomelas):又稱暗褐高鰭䲁。

淵䲁屬(Bathyblennius

真動齒䲁屬(Blenniella

䲁屬(Blennius

軟皮䲁屬(Chalaroderma

寬口䲁屬(Chasmodes

穗肩䲁屬(Cirripectes

頂䲁屬(Coryphoblennius

  • 頂䲁Coryphoblennius galerita

繸鳳䲁屬(Crossosalarias

異齒䲁屬(Ecsenius

異齒䲁屬(Ectodus

連鰭䲁屬(Enchelyurus

犁齒䲁屬(Entomacrodus

豹䲁屬(Exallias

  • 豹䲁Exallias brevis):又稱短多鬚䲁。

曲雀䲁屬(Glyptoparus

縳頰䲁屬(Haptogenys

長眉䲁屬(Hirculops

莖䲁屬(Homesthes

  • 莖䲁Homesthes caulopus

側唇䲁屬(Hypleurochilus

高䲁屬(Hypsoblennius

蛙鳚属(Istiblennius

寬頜䲁屬(Laiphognathus

無眉䲁屬(Lipophrys

纖鰓䲁屬(Litobranchus

小狼䲁屬(Lupinoblennius

稀棘䲁屬(Meiacanthus

仿䲁屬(Mimoblennius

仿䲁屬(Minictenogobiops

矮鳳䲁屬(Nannosalarias

草蛇䲁屬(Nemophis

阿曼䲁屬(Oman

肩鰓䲁屬(Omobranchus

似肩鰓䲁屬(Omox

真蛇䲁屬(Ophioblennius

副䲁屬(Parablennius

副高䲁屬(Parahypsos

擬鮄無眉䲁屬(Paralipophrys

副肥䲁屬(Paralticus

龜䲁屬(Parenchelyurus

  • 龜䲁Parenchelyurus hepburni):又稱擬鰻尾䲁。
  • 鬣龜䲁Parenchelyurus hyena

石岩䲁屬(Pereulixia

跳岩䲁屬(Petroscirtes

蒙䲁屬(Phenablennius

  • 蒙䲁Phenablennius heyligeri

固齒䲁屬(Pictiblennius

短帶䲁屬(Plagiotremus

矮冠䲁屬(Praealticus

棒䲁屬(Rhabdoblennius

魯䲁屬(Runula

擬鳳䲁屬(Salaria

鳳䲁屬(Salarias

敏䲁屬(Scartella

鸚䲁屬(Scartichthys

罕䲁屬(Spaniblennius

  • 秘罕䲁Spaniblennius clandestinus
  • 罕䲁Spaniblennius riodourensis

呆䲁屬(Stanulus

帶䲁屬(Xiphasia

參考文獻

  1. ^ 眼斑無鬚䲁. 台灣魚類資料庫. [2011-01-11] (中文(台灣)‎).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:鳚科
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鳚科: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
注意:本页面含有Unihan扩展A区用字:「」。有关字符可能會错误显示,詳见Unicode扩展汉字

鳚科(英文名:Combtooth blennies,學名:Blenniidae)為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目䲁亞目的一個

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청베도라치과 ( 韓語 )

由wikipedia 한국어 위키백과提供

청베도라치과(Blenniidae)는 베도라치목에 속하는 조기어류 물고기 과의 하나이다.[1] 약 400종으로 이루어진 대형 어류 과이다. 대서양과 태평양, 인도양의 열대 및 아열대 해역에서 발견된다. 일부 종은 기수와 민물에서도 산다. 앞동갈베도라치와 골베도라치, 저울베도라치, 대강베도라치, 두줄베도라치, 청베도라치, 노랑꼬리베도라치, 개베도라치, 청줄베도라치 등을 포함하고 있다.

하위 속

계통 분류

다음은 베탕쿠르(Betancur) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[3][4]

베도라치상목 또는 베도라치목   학치목

학치과

베도라치목 또는 베도라치아목  

먹도라치과

     

청베도라치과

     

클리누스과

     

라브리소무스과

     

비늘베도라치과

   

모래통구멍과

               

각주

  1. (영어) "Blenniidae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. 2015년 3월 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2015년.
  2. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. & Rose, J.M. (2012): Adelotremus leptus, a new genus and species of sabertooth blenny from the Red Sea (Teleostei: Blenniidae: Nemophini). Zootaxa,3249: 39–46.
  3. Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18, Edition 1. doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288, PDF
  4. Betancur-R, R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre & G. Ortí. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3.
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