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The several dozen species of Asian wolf snakes (genus Lycodon) are distributed widely from central to southeast Asia, from regions east of the Caspian Sea, eastern Iran and India to southern China, the Indo-Australian Archipelago, the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, and the Philippines. The genus includes both widespread species (e.g., L. aulicus, whose range spans nearly the entire range of the genus) and other taxa that are narrowly distributed, even endemic to single small islands. A third of the known diversity occurs in the Philippine archipelago, with most of the described Philippines species endemic to the archipelago. This genus of non-venomous snakes is relatively morphologically homogeneous and characters used for diagnosis are often highly variable, which has made the delineation of species boundaries challenging. The position of Lycodon within the subfamily Colubrinae has also been uncertain, although it has been recognized for some time that there is a close affinity with Dinodon.
Coloration varies greatly within Lycodon, but most species can be grouped into one of four distinct color pattern categories: banded, blotched, solid, or speckled. Variation in color patterns, however, has led to confusion over species boundaries. Siler et al. (2013) investigated Lycodon diversification from a phylogenetic perspective, inferring the phylogenetic position of Lycodon among closely related colubrid snakes, examining the evolution of color patterns within this group, and reconsidering the current taxonomy of the group in the context of their molecular phylogenetic analyses. They concluded that although in a few cases there is evidence of previously unrecognized genetic diversity that may result in the eventual recognition of additional cryptic species, diversity within some parts of the Lycodon tree may actually may be overestimated as a result of taxonomic decisions based on color patterns and untested biogeographic expectations. Their results indicated that banded and blotched color patterns have evolved multiple times across the tree, but solid (and possibly speckled) just once.
Siler et al. (2013) concluded that Dinodon species are nested within the Lycodon tree and noted that Dinodon (the more recently described genus) should therefore be treated as a junior synonym of Lycodon. Based on their own molecular phylogenetic studies, Guo et al. (2013) also suggested that Dinodon should be synonymized with Lycodon. Lei et al. (2014) also found that Dinodon species are nested within Lycodon. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, Lei et al. further concluded that Oligodon multizonatum (an endemic species known from Sichuan and possibly Gansu Provinces in China) actually falls within Lycodon as well.
The phylogenetic results of Siler et al. (2013) provide evidence of deeply divergent lineages within some taxa (L. effraensis, L. subcinctus) that may represent cryptic species. Some of the lineage diversity revealed appears to correspond to taxonomic entities previously identified (currently recognized as subspecies or synonyms) and some does not. On the other hand, as noted above, genetic results suggest that species diversity within several clades may be overestimated, rather than underestimated, by current taxonomic treatments. Between these two extremes lie species with moderate genetic structure observed among populations (L. muelleri, L. aulicus complex).
Regarding inferences about the historical biogeography of Lycodon, Siler et al. (2013) note that with few exceptions, the results observed in their study are consistent with many of the biogeographic expectations for vertebrates in Asia and the Philippines (see Siler et al. 2013 for details and discussion).
(Siler et al. 2013 and references therein)
Lycodon is among the most species-rich genera of Asiatic colubrids, with more than three dozen described species, including numerous small-island endemics (phylogenetic analyses by Siler et al. [2013] suggest. that some of these island endemics in the Phillipines may not warrant recognition as full speciies, but also suggest the presence of substantial cryptic diversity, indicating that the true number of Lycodon species may be greater than currently recognized). Lycodon species occur throughout central to Southeast Asia, from regions east of the Caspian Sea, eastern Iran and India to southern China, the Indo-Australian Archipelago, the Ryukyu Islands of Japan and the Philippines (Lanza 1999; Siler et al. 2013).
The snakes placed in Lycodon and Dinodon are extremely similar to each other, with the main differences used to distinguish them relating to their dentition and the shape of the maxillary bone. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that banded & blotched color patterns have evolved multiple times in this group, but solid (and possibly speckled) pattern just once (Siler et al. 2013). Based on a phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, as well as morphology, Guo et al. (2013) concluded that although Dinodon and Lycodon together form a monophyletic group, neither of these two genera is itself monophyletic, with nominal Dinodon and Lycodon species interpersed through the tree. Guo et al. suggested that Dinodon should be synonymized with Lycodon. Phylogenetic investigations by Siler et al. (2013) also concluded that Dinodon species are nested within the Lycodon tree and noted that Dinodon (the more recently described genus) should therefore be treated as a junior synonym of Lycodon. This tree topology was recovered by Lei et al. (2014) as well. A phylogenetic study by Pyron et al. (2013) suggested that the species in another south and southeast Asian genus, Dryocalamus, which was formerly included in Lycodon (Guo et al. 2013), may also fall within this group.
(Guo et al. 2013 and references therein; Siler et al. 2013 and references therein)
Die Wolfszahnnattern (Lycodon) sind eine Schlangengattung der Eigentlichen Nattern aus der Familie der Nattern, die in Teilen Asiens verbreitet ist. Im englischen Sprachraum werden sie Wolf snakes („Wolfsschlangen“) genannt.
Die Wolfszahnnattern haben einen Oberkieferknochen, der nach innen gebogen ist. Darin befinden sich vorne 3–6 Fangzähne unterschiedlicher Größe, die durch einen zahnlosen Zwischenraum von 7–15 hinteren Zähnen getrennt sind, von denen die letzten 2–3 größer ausfallen. Die Beschuppung ist glatt bis leicht gekielt. Die Pupillen der Wolfszahnnattern sind vertikal ovalförmig.
Die Wolfszahnnattern sind ovipar, teilweise baumbewohnend und ernähren sich u. a. von kleinen Amphibien, Reptilien und Nagetieren.[1]
Die Gattung Lycodon ist in West- bis Südostasien (u. a. in Indien, Malaysia, Taiwan und den Philippinen) verbreitet in der subtropischen bis tropischen Klimazone.[2] Innerhalb der Gattung stuft die IUCN die Art Lycodon chrysoprateros als vom Aussterben bedroht (Critically Endangered) und Lycodon philippinus als gefährdet (Vulnerable) ein. Alle anderen Arten für die ausreichend Daten vorliegen gelten als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern).[3]
Der Gattungsname setzt sich aus den Griechischen Wörtern lykos (Wolf) und odon (Zahn) zusammen und leitet sich von den Fangzähnen der Gattung ab. Es werden 69 Unterarten der Gattung Lycodon zugeordnet (Stand September 2021). Diese sind im Folgenden nach Taxon sortiert aufgelistet zusammen mit Autor(en) und Datum der Erstbeschreibung. Dabei bedeuten eingeklammerte Autoren, dass die Art ursprünglich unter einer anderen Gattung erstbeschrieben wurde.[1]
Die Wolfszahnnattern (Lycodon) sind eine Schlangengattung der Eigentlichen Nattern aus der Familie der Nattern, die in Teilen Asiens verbreitet ist. Im englischen Sprachraum werden sie Wolf snakes („Wolfsschlangen“) genannt.
Lycodon is a genus of colubrid snakes, commonly known as wolf snakes.[3] The Neo-Latin name Lycodon is derived from the Greek words λύκος (lykos) meaning wolf and οδόν (odon) meaning tooth,[4] and refers to the fang-like anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth.[2] They are nonvenomous, but many members of this genus strongly resemble the venomous kraits in appearance, an example of Batesian mimicry.
The genus Lycodon comprises 73 recognized species.[5]
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Lycodon.
Lycodon subcinctus, Malayan banded wolfsnake, in Letefoho, East Timor Lycodon is a genus of colubrid snakes, commonly known as wolf snakes. The Neo-Latin name Lycodon is derived from the Greek words λύκος (lykos) meaning wolf and οδόν (odon) meaning tooth, and refers to the fang-like anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth. They are nonvenomous, but many members of this genus strongly resemble the venomous kraits in appearance, an example of Batesian mimicry.
Lycodon es un género de serpientes de la familia Colubridae. Se distribuyen por Asia y Australia.
Se distinguen 64 especies:[1]
Dos análisis filogenéticos de 2013 sitúan a los géneros Dinodon y Cercaspis como sinónimos más modernos de Lycodon.[3][4]
Lycodon es un género de serpientes de la familia Colubridae. Se distribuyen por Asia y Australia.
Kihvmadu (Lycodon) on maoperekond.[1]
Kihvmadude perekonda klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis järgmised maoliigid[2]:
2017. aastal on liigitatud (Zootaxa) kihvmao perekonda maoliik Lycodon sidiki Wostl, Hamidy, Kurniawan ja Smith, 2017.
Need maod on levinud Aasias ja Austraalias.
Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Lycodon seisuga 25.01.2014.
Lycodon Colubridae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asian eta Australian bizi dira.
Lycodon Colubridae familiako narrasti genero bat da. Asian eta Australian bizi dira.
Lycodon est un genre de serpents de la famille des Colubridae[1].
Les 51 espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Asie et en Australie[1].
Les espèces de ce genre mesurent entre 40 et 100 cm. Ce sont essentiellement des serpents nocturnes.
Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (9 novembre 2017)[2] :
Le genre monotypique Cercaspis[3] a été placé en synonymie avec Lycodon par Pyron, Kandambi, Hendry, Pushpamal et Burbrin en 2013[4], le genre monotypique Lepturophis[5] par Das et Yaakob en 2007[6] et le genre Dinodon[7] par Siler, Oliveros, Santanen et Brown en 2013[8].
Lycodon vient du grec λύκος, lykos, « loup », et δόν, don, « dent », et fait référence à la forme des dents mandibulaires et du maxillaire antérieur.
Lycodon est un genre de serpents de la famille des Colubridae.
Ular serigala adalah kelompok ular yang terdiri dari jenis-jenis ular tidak berbisa yang memiliki gigi rahang atas bentuknya mirip seperti gigi pada rahang serigala, walaupun lebih kecil. Nama ilmiah genus ular-ular ini juga menggambarkan ciri-ciri tersebut: lycos="serigala", dan odon="gigi".
Berikut adalah daftar spesies menurut situs Reptile Database.[3]
Ular serigala adalah kelompok ular yang terdiri dari jenis-jenis ular tidak berbisa yang memiliki gigi rahang atas bentuknya mirip seperti gigi pada rahang serigala, walaupun lebih kecil. Nama ilmiah genus ular-ular ini juga menggambarkan ciri-ciri tersebut: lycos="serigala", dan odon="gigi".
Lycodon Fitzinger, 1826 è un genere di serpenti, comunemente chiamati serpenti lupo, appartenente alla famiglia dei colubridi.[1][2]
Il genere comprende le seguenti specie:[1]
Lycodon Fitzinger, 1826 è un genere di serpenti, comunemente chiamati serpenti lupo, appartenente alla famiglia dei colubridi.
Vilkdančiai (lot. Lycodon, angl. Wolf snakes) – žaltinių (Colubridae) šeimos roplių gentis.
Paplitę Centrinėje Azijoje, Indijos pusiasalyje, Kinijoje, Pietryčių Azijoje, Japonijoje.
Gentyje yra 29 rūšys.
Vilkdančiai (lot. Lycodon, angl. Wolf snakes) – žaltinių (Colubridae) šeimos roplių gentis.
Paplitę Centrinėje Azijoje, Indijos pusiasalyje, Kinijoje, Pietryčių Azijoje, Japonijoje.
Gentyje yra 29 rūšys.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Lycodon – rodzaj węża z podrodziny Colubrinae w rodzinie połozowatych (Colubridae).
Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Iranie, Turkmenistanie, Uzbekistanie, Tadżykistanie, Afganistanie, Pakistanie, Indiach, na Sri Lance, w Nepalu, Chinach (włącznie z Tajwanem), Rosji (Kraj Nadmorski), Bhutanie, Bangladeszu, Mjanmie, Laosie, Wietnamie, Kambodży, Tajlandii, Malezji, Singapurze, Indonezji, Brunei, Timorze Wschodnim, Korei, Japonii, na Filipinach, Nowej Gwinei i w Australii[18].
Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[18]:
Lycodon – rodzaj węża z podrodziny Colubrinae w rodzinie połozowatych (Colubridae).
Lycodon[1] este un gen de șerpi din familia Colubridae.[1]
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Acest articol referitor la o reptilă este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa. Lycodon este un gen de șerpi din familia Colubridae.
Lycodon là một chi rắn colubridae, trong tiếng Việt gọi là rắn khuyết, còn trong tiếng Anh thường gọi là wolf snake (rắn sói),[2] còn tên Latin mới Lycodon lấy từ tiếng Hy Lạp λύκος (lykos) nghĩa là sói và δόν (don) nghĩa là răng,[3] đề cập đến các răng trước ở hàm trên và hàm dưới giống như răng nanh.[1]
Chi Lycodon gồm 35 loài được công nhận.
Bài viết liên quan phân họ rắn Colubrinae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Lycodon là một chi rắn colubridae, trong tiếng Việt gọi là rắn khuyết, còn trong tiếng Anh thường gọi là wolf snake (rắn sói), còn tên Latin mới Lycodon lấy từ tiếng Hy Lạp λύκος (lykos) nghĩa là sói và δόν (don) nghĩa là răng, đề cập đến các răng trước ở hàm trên và hàm dưới giống như răng nanh.
白環蛇屬（學名：Lycodon），亦被稱為「狼蛇」，是蛇亞目游蛇科下的一個蛇屬，主要分布於亞洲、中東地區。
目前白環蛇屬下有以下品種：
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这是一篇與蛇類相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
