Candelariaceae

Mushroom Observer Image 238032: Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.

Mushroom Observer Image 241087: Candelariella rosulans (Mull. Arg) Zahlbr.

Mushroom Observer Image 196103: Candelaria concolor (Dickson) Stein

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Sant'Eufemia a Maiella, Abruzzi, Italy

Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa) sobre alabastro.Identificacin: Biodiversidad Virtual

Candelaria concolor (Dickson) SteinCandleflame lichen, Lemon lichenDat.: March 11. 2017Lat.: 46.35907 Long.: 13.69871Code: Bot_1037/2017_DSC7062Habitat: mountain pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; sunny, relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by host tree canopy; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of living branch of a stand-alone Ostrya carpinifolia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near abandoned farm house Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: This micro-beauty usually appears in discrete, suborbicular, flat cushions, which are quite small, less than 10 mm in diameter. But, it can be also abundant, in larger, irregular, widespread fragments, sometimes confluent and covering the whole small branches circumferentially. When looked through a hand lens it appears like an incredible natural filigree of saturated bright yellow lobules set in a delicate, stochastic ornament. Their ends are sorediate at the margin. The lobules are attached to the bark with scattered, white, simple rhizines. This is one of lichens, which can be relatively easily recognized by habit only, without microscope and chemical tests. Eventually it can be confused with very small lobed Xanthoria species, where a test with K solves the dilemma. Candelaria concolor is K negative.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 242.(2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 110.(3) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 275.(4) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 205.

Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 14. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1105/2018_DSC0288 Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5) www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6) www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7) www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)

Longitude (deg): -1.0. Latitude (deg): 51.4. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 10' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 30' N. Vice county name: Berks. Vice county no.: 22. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on piece of worked wood. Category: macro-photograph. Real world width(mm): 109.855. Photographic equipment used: Specimens directly scanned on Black Widow 9630 SP flatbed scanner.

Longitude (deg): -2.3. Latitude (deg): 54.1. Longitude (deg/min): 2° 20' W. Latitude (deg/min): 54° 10' N. Vice county name: Mid-west Yorks. Vice county no.: 64. Country: England. Stage: Anamorph. Associated species: Ulmus. Identified by: Peter Earland-Bennett. Comment: on Elm. Category: microscope photograph. Image scaling: magnified. Photographic equipment used: "35mm transparencies (on a variety of films, but Agfa CT18 in the 1960's to early 1980's followed by Fujichrome in the late 1980's.) Transparencies scanned with Minolta Dimage Scan Dual II AF-2820U transparency scanner.".

Longitude (deg): -1.9. Latitude (deg): 50.8. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 50° 50' N. Vice county name: Dorset. Vice county no.: 9. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Salix. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on willow trunk and branch. Category: macro-photograph. Image scaling: enlarged. Photographic equipment used: Canon EOS400D dSLR with Tamron SP AF Di 90mm Macro 1:1 lens.

Longitude (deg): -1.5. Latitude (deg): 53.6. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 30' W. Latitude (deg/min): 53° 40' N. Vice county name: South-west Yorks. Vice county no.: 63. Country: England. Stage: Anamorph and Teliomorph. Identified by: Peter Earland-Bennett. Comment: on concrete shelter. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: "35mm transparencies (on a variety of films, but Agfa CT18 in the 1960's to early 1980's followed by Fujichrome in the late 1980's.) Transparencies scanned with Minolta Dimage Scan Dual II AF-2820U transparency scanner.".

Mushroom Observer Image 238033: Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg.

Mushroom Observer Image 241088: Candelariella rosulans (Mull. Arg) Zahlbr.

Mushroom Observer Image 196556: Candelaria concolor (Dickson) Stein

Thallus. Catalog no.: O-DFL-5654. Specimen ID: 7195832. Taxon rep.: Candelariella vitellina. Image quality: 1. Aspect ratio: 1.499.

Candelaria concolor (Dickson) SteinCandleflame lichen, Lemon lichenDat.: March 11. 2017Lat.: 46.35907 Long.: 13.69871Code: Bot_1037/2017_DSC7062Habitat: mountain pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; sunny, relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by host tree canopy; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of living branch of a stand-alone Ostrya carpinifolia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near abandoned farm house Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: This micro-beauty usually appears in discrete, suborbicular, flat cushions, which are quite small, less than 10 mm in diameter. But, it can be also abundant, in larger, irregular, widespread fragments, sometimes confluent and covering the whole small branches circumferentially. When looked through a hand lens it appears like an incredible natural filigree of saturated bright yellow lobules set in a delicate, stochastic ornament. Their ends are sorediate at the margin. The lobules are attached to the bark with scattered, white, simple rhizines. This is one of lichens, which can be relatively easily recognized by habit only, without microscope and chemical tests. Eventually it can be confused with very small lobed Xanthoria species, where a test with K solves the dilemma. Candelaria concolor is K negative.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 242.(2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 110.(3) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 275.(4) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 205.

Candelariella xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Lettau, syn.: Caloplaca xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) H. Olivier, Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Rsnen, Gyalolechia vitellina var. xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth, Lecanora xanthostigma (Pers. ex Ach.) Rhl.(species of) Goldspeck Lichen, Yolk Lichen, DE: ?Slo.: ? Dat.: Jan. 11.2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1102/2018_DSC9988Habitat: natural tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of almost stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Candelariella xanthostigma is a tiny, common lichen. Its apothecia measure less than 1 mm in diameter. So, it is easy to overlook it. To use a hand lens for observation is a must. The species can be recognized by its yellow or yellow-greenish thallus, which consists of tiny corticated granules and yellow apothecia (if present). It grows on broadleaf tree bark. However, there exist several similar minute, yellow species, hence a mistake in determination cannot be excluded. Observing asci, which are 12- to 32-spored in Candelariella xanthostigma would make the determination reliable. Several specimens were found on this tree, mostly on thinner branches. Most of them were sterile (yellow granules only).Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 278.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 206.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 247.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 113.(5) www.researchgate.net/publication/259591560_A_conspectus_o... (accessed Feb. 13. 2018) (6) www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)(7) www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Candelariella/NIKB0666 (accessed Feb. 15. 2018)

Longitude (deg): -1.0. Latitude (deg): 51.4. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 10' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 30' N. Vice county name: Berks. Vice county no.: 22. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on piece of worked wood. Category: macro-photograph. Real world width(mm): 24.892. Photographic equipment used: Specimens directly scanned on Black Widow 9630 SP flatbed scanner.

Longitude (deg): -1.9. Latitude (deg): 50.8. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 50° 50' N. Vice county name: Dorset. Vice county no.: 9. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Salix. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on willow trunk and branch. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: Canon EOS400D dSLR with Tamron SP AF Di 90mm Macro 1:1 lens.