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Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Lazio, Italy
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Corunnun, Victoria, Australia
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Lazio, Italy
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170722_F08_VR
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170722_F13_VR
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Wassenaar, South Holland, Netherlands
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Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al., syn.: syn.: Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J. Rich., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl.Abraded Camouflage Lichen, DE: Gold-BrownflechteSlo.: zlati rjavekDat.: Jan. 13. 2018Code: Bot_1104/2018_DSC0236 Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of small branches and twigs of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Melanelixia subaurifera is a rather small, only a few cm in diameter, adpressed, thin, matt and brown lichen. When dry and growing on brown, rough tree bark it requires some attention to be spotted. When damp, after rain, it becomes olive green and shinier and hence quite conspicuous. It is a widely distributed all over the world and on many places a common lichen.Habitus of the find seems quite convincing for Melanelixia subaurifera. Optional similar species Melanelixia subargentifera was abandoned because I was able to find neither tiny cortical hairs toward lobe margins and ends (Ref.1) nor purine on the thallus (Ref.5). The lichens were not found on tree's trunk or at the base of it (Ref.2), but rather on small twigs, which doesn't match to Melanelixia subargentifera. However, Melanelixia can be easily confused also with brown species of Xanthoparmelia species. Morphological differences are small, however, chemistry is different. My determination is not completely reliable because no chemical tests have been done.Naming of this species is also to some extent questionable. Index Fungorum keeps the name Melanelixia subaurifera as a synonym of 'current name' Melanelia subaurifera, while MycoBank claims the opposite. It seems to me that recent references mostly follow MycoBank.Lichens of this observation were photographed in damp state. Many specimens were found on this tree. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 572.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 656. (as Parmelia subaurifera)(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 264. (as Melanelia subaurifera)(4)
lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=192575 (accessed May 22. 2018) (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 439. (as Melanelia subaurifera)(6)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Melanelixia%20subaurifera (7)
dbiodbs.units.it/italic/chiavi_pub25?usr=admin&n=716&...
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Granville, Massachusetts, United States
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Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirt.) Hale, Syn.: Parmelia flaventior Stirt., Parmelia kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr.EN: no name found, DE: no name foundSI.: no name foundDat.: March 20. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.70262Code: Bot_1117/2018_DSC1315 Habitat: former mountain pastures with scattered trees and bushes; slightly inclined terrain, south aspect; colluvial, calcareous ground; full sun, dry place; elevation 600 m (1.950 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of medium to small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Flavopunctelia flaventior is a beautiful lichen, which seems to be quite rare in Slovenia. According to Ogris (2018) Ref.: 6 there are only three UTM squares known in the country where it has been found and registered. None of these finds lay in Alpine phytogeographical region of the country. However, GBIF- Austria, Ref.: 8 states a find in Bavica valley, which is in Alpine region and not far from this observation. The lichen is also rare in the region directly west of Posoje in NE Italy Ref.: 5 and also in Germany (Ref.: 7 and Ref.:1). It is interesting that this species appears more and more frequent during last few decades according to Ref.:1.Flavopunctelia flaventior can be recognized by slightly wrinkled upper surface od lobes with white, faintly reticulated pseudocyphellae and numerous, laminal and marginal soralia. Lower surface is dark in the thallus center with dark, short, simple rhizines and much lighter in color and without rhizines at the thallus margins. Only two specimens have been found on this tree.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 647.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 317.(3)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed March 27. 2018)(4)
www.sharnoffphotos.com/lichensC/flavopunctelia_flaventior... (accessed March 29. 2018)(5)
dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&... (accessed March 29. 2018)(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed March 29. 2018)(7)
www.flechten-deutschland.de/organismen/flavopunctelia-fla... (accessed March 29. 2018)(8)
www.gbif.at/ms/gbif/gbif/gbif_datenportal/gibf_suchearten/ (accessed March 29. 2018)(9) U. Suppan, J. Prugger, H. Mayrhofer, Lichen biodiversity in Slovenia, Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia,
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed March 29. 2018)
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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, syn.: Parmelia nuda (Ach.) Gyeln., Parmelia furfuracea (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia furfuracea (L.) Krog, Evernia furfuracea (L.) W. Mann, Borrera furfuracea (L.) Ach., Lobaria furfuracea (L.) Hoffm.,Tree moss, DE: Kleinflechte, BaummoosSlo.: navadni rogovilarDat.: Jan. 28. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1110/2018_DSC0742Picture file names: from Pseudevernia-furfuracea_raw_30 to Pseudevernia-furfuracea_raw_32.Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Pseudevernia furfuracea is a very common foliose-shrubby lichen in general and also in Trenta valley, particularly on higher elevations. It climbs up to the tree border elevations. It can be found on bark of deciduous trees as well as on conifers and sometimes also on rocks. Pictures show a young, still small specimen in damp state. Hence the thallus is almost white. Grown up specimens are darker - gray or brownish-gray, often densely covered with isidia and dark brown to black underneath. When old they sometimes become of bizarre shapes appearing completely different from these pictures. Apothecia are rare.The species is very variable. Probably the best trait for determination is its growth. Terminal thallus strap-shaped lobes divide widely divergent and quite strictly dichotomously. All terminal lobes remain in a single plane and they are rather short. When dry the edges of the straps curl strongly inwards, sometimes completely covering the lower, black side of the straps. A very similarly looking habit has another common lichen - Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.. But, its lobes are usually greenish, often net-veined above and white beneath (also when old).Lichen was 3 to 4 cm tall growing on a relatively thin branch. 5% KOH reaction on thallus is yellow-green. Only one specimen has been found on this tree. Otherwise about 25 different lichen species have been spotted on it.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 759.(2) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 36.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 782.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 368.
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Girraween National ParkLichenGIR_171028_F09_VR
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Portage, Michigan, United States
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Girraween National ParkLichenGIR_171028_F11_VR
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Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France
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Alectoria lata as known in northern California - may differ from what is called A. lata in other areas... taxonomic work needed.
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Usnea filipendula Stirton, syn.: Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Shirlay; Usnea flagellata Mot.Fishbone Beard Lichen, DE: Gewhnlicher Baubart, BartflechteSlo.: lasasti bradovecDat.: Jan. 1. 2017Lat.: 46.35261 Long.: 13.74700Code: Bot_1031/2017_DSC6723 Habitat: alpine forest, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua dominant trees, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 1.660 m (5.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead branch of Larix decidua.Place: Lower Trenta valley, above Na Skali settlement, next to the trail from Planina V Plazeh to Mt. isti vrh, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Thallus pendant, approximately 30 cm long, completely dry (after more than one month of dry weather, temperatures below 0 deg C); many lichens present. The species was once abundant in mountain forests. However, it is very sensitive to air pollution and is hence in strong decline in many places in Europe where it is considered endangered and (mostly) protected. Plants with apothecia became rare. At higher elevations in Trenta valley this lichen is still quite common and apothecia are still abundant. However, even here some damages due to pollution can be observed (brown dots on apothecia surface - see arrows on Fig. 11).This lichen has been historically used to treat wounds and modern tests for antibacterial properties have been positive. The lichen contains antibiotic usnin-acid, which is nowadays synthetically produced.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 718.(2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 443.(3) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV Naturfrer (2002), p 78.(4) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 923.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 947.
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Kårsavagge, Swedish Lapland
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Lodbjerg Kirke
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Als Odde ved Mariager Fjord, Danmark