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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, syn.: Parmelia nuda (Ach.) Gyeln., Parmelia furfuracea (L.) Ach., Hypogymnia furfuracea (L.) Krog, Evernia furfuracea (L.) W. Mann, Borrera furfuracea (L.) Ach., Lobaria furfuracea (L.) Hoffm.,Tree moss, DE: Kleinflechte, BaummoosSlo.: navadni rogovilarDat.: Jan. 28. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Code: Bot_1110/2018_DSC0742Picture file names: from Pseudevernia-furfuracea_raw_30 to Pseudevernia-furfuracea_raw_32.Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of smaller branches of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Pseudevernia furfuracea is a very common foliose-shrubby lichen in general and also in Trenta valley, particularly on higher elevations. It climbs up to the tree border elevations. It can be found on bark of deciduous trees as well as on conifers and sometimes also on rocks. Pictures show a young, still small specimen in damp state. Hence the thallus is almost white. Grown up specimens are darker - gray or brownish-gray, often densely covered with isidia and dark brown to black underneath. When old they sometimes become of bizarre shapes appearing completely different from these pictures. Apothecia are rare.The species is very variable. Probably the best trait for determination is its growth. Terminal thallus strap-shaped lobes divide widely divergent and quite strictly dichotomously. All terminal lobes remain in a single plane and they are rather short. When dry the edges of the straps curl strongly inwards, sometimes completely covering the lower, black side of the straps. A very similarly looking habit has another common lichen - Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach.. But, its lobes are usually greenish, often net-veined above and white beneath (also when old).Lichen was 3 to 4 cm tall growing on a relatively thin branch. 5% KOH reaction on thallus is yellow-green. Only one specimen has been found on this tree. Otherwise about 25 different lichen species have been spotted on it.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 759.(2) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 36.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 782.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 368.
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Girraween National ParkLichenGIR_171028_F09_VR
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Briantspuddle, England, United Kingdom
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Girraween National ParkLichenGIR_171028_F11_VR
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Usnea filipendula Stirton, syn.: Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Shirlay; Usnea flagellata Mot.Fishbone Beard Lichen, DE: Gewhnlicher Baubart, BartflechteSlo.: lasasti bradovecDat.: Jan. 1. 2017Lat.: 46.35261 Long.: 13.74700Code: Bot_1031/2017_DSC6723 Habitat: alpine forest, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua dominant trees, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 1.660 m (5.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead branch of Larix decidua.Place: Lower Trenta valley, above Na Skali settlement, next to the trail from Planina V Plazeh to Mt. isti vrh, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Thallus pendant, approximately 30 cm long, completely dry (after more than one month of dry weather, temperatures below 0 deg C); many lichens present. The species was once abundant in mountain forests. However, it is very sensitive to air pollution and is hence in strong decline in many places in Europe where it is considered endangered and (mostly) protected. Plants with apothecia became rare. At higher elevations in Trenta valley this lichen is still quite common and apothecia are still abundant. However, even here some damages due to pollution can be observed (brown dots on apothecia surface - see arrows on Fig. 11).This lichen has been historically used to treat wounds and modern tests for antibacterial properties have been positive. The lichen contains antibiotic usnin-acid, which is nowadays synthetically produced.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 718.(2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 443.(3) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV Naturfrer (2002), p 78.(4) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 923.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 947.
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Varanger peninsula, Norway
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Lodbjerg Kirke
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Als Odde ved Mariager Fjord, Danmark
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Den Jyske Skovhave, Rold Skov, Danmark
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Skjern Kirke nær Randers, Danmark
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Mushroom Observer Image 204912: Letharia columbiana (Nutt.) J.W. Thomson
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Mushroom Observer Image 238089: Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach.
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Mushroom Observer Image 94974: Pseudephebe minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
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Mushroom Observer Image 561312: Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm.
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Mushroom Observer Image 147454: Letharia lupina Altermann, Leavitt & Goward
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Mushroom Observer Image 235327: Punctelia caseana Lendemer & Hodkinson
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Mushroom Observer Image 238053: Usnocetraria oakesiana (Tuck.) M.J. Lai & J.C. Wei
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Mushroom Observer Image 444371: Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale
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Mushroom Observer Image 204566: Vulpicida tubulosus (Schaer.) J.- E. Mattsson & M.J. Lai, Mycotaxon 46: 428 (1993)