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飞燕草属 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

模式種 Consolida regalis
Gray

飞燕草属（学名：Consolida）是毛茛科下的一个属，为一年生草本植物。该属共有约50种，分布于地中海地区和亚洲西部。^[1]

分类

飞燕草属的分类地位曾经颇有争议：对于其是否应该并入翠雀属，学界意见并不统一；亦有学者认为飞燕草属中的部分种应独立成乌燕草属（Aconitella）。然而分子研究表明，乌燕草属与飞燕草属无法区分，二者组成了翠雀属的一个分支。^[2]因此飞燕草属应当并入翠雀属作为其中一个亚属。

形态

尽管根据分子研究结果，飞燕草属应并入翠雀属，但飞燕草（亚）属的形态与其他翠雀属植物有一定差异。飞燕草（亚）属上侧一对花瓣合生，缺少两侧花瓣（或称退化雄蕊），单心皮；^[3]翠雀属其他植物上侧一对花瓣离生，两侧各有一片花瓣（或称退化雄蕊），心皮3-5。^[4]

用途

飞燕草（亚）属许多种类可用作观赏植物。飞燕草（Consolida ajacis）是非常流行的一年生草花，花色丰富，有单瓣品种也有重瓣品种。野飞燕草（Consolida regalis）和东方飞燕草（Consolida orientalis）也常见栽培。

飞燕草 Consolida ajacis

飞燕草 Consolida ajacis 的粉红重瓣品种

东方飞燕草 Consolida orientalis

野飞燕草 Consolida regalis 的果实与种子

物种

根据World Checklist of Selected Plant Families（英语：World Checklist of Selected Plant Families），飞燕草（亚）属有53种。^[5]^[6]^[7]

乌头飞燕草 Consolida aconiti (L.) Lindl. = Delphinium aconiti L.
飞燕草 Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur (syn. Consolida ambigua (L.) P.W.Ball & Heywood) = Delphinium ajacis L.
拟乌头飞燕草 Consolida anthoroidea (Boiss.) Schrödinger = Delphinium anthoroideum Boiss.
沙生飞燕草 Consolida arenaria Carlström = Delphinium arenarium (Carlström) Jabbour
亚美尼亚飞燕草 Consolida armeniaca (Stapf ex Huth) F.C.Schrad. = Delphinium armeniacum Stapf ex Huth
奥氏飞燕草 Consolida aucheri (Boiss.) Iranshahr = Delphinium aucheri Boiss.
腋花飞燕草 Consolida axilliflora (DC.) Schrödinger = Delphinium axilliflorum DC.
髯毛飞燕草 Consolida barbata (Bunge) Schrödinger = Delphinium barbatum Bunge
短角飞燕草 Consolida brevicornis (Vis.) Soó = Delphinium brevicorne Vis.
弯果飞燕草 Consolida camptocarpa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.) Nevski = Delphinium camptocarpum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
黎叙飞燕草 Consolida coelesyriaca Mouterde = Delphinium coelesyriacum (Mouterde) Jabbour
角飞燕草 Consolida cornuta (P.H.Davis & M.Hossain) P.H.Davis = Delphinium cornutum M.Hossain & P.H.Davis
十字飞燕草 Consolida cruciata (P.H.Davis & M.Hossain) P.H.Davis = Delphinium cruciatum M.Hossain & P.H.Davis
叙利亚沙漠飞燕草 Consolida deserti-syriaci (Zohary) Munz = Delphinium deserti-syriaci Zohary
黄飞燕草 Consolida flava (DC.) Schrödinger = Delphinium flavum DC.
腺毛飞燕草 Consolida glandulosa (Boiss. & A.Huet) Bornm. = Delphinium glandulosum Boiss. & A.Huet
贡氏飞燕草 Consolida gombaultii (J.Thiébaut) Munz = Delphinium gombaultii J.Thiébaut
赫勒斯滂飞燕草 Consolida hellespontica (Boiss.) Chater = Delphinium hellesponticum Boiss.
霍氏飞燕草 Consolida hohenackeri (Boiss.) Grossh. = Delphinium hohenackeri Boiss.
白飞燕草 Consolida incana (E.D.Clarke) Munz = Delphinium incanum E.D.Clarke
喀布尔飞燕草 Consolida kabuliana (Akhtar) Iranshahr = Delphinium kabulianum Akhtar
坎大哈飞燕草 Consolida kandaharica Iranshahr = Delphinium kandaharicum (Iranshahr) Jabbour
小果飞燕草 Consolida leptocarpa Nevski = Delphinium leptocarpum (Nevski) Nevski
柳穿鱼飞燕草 Consolida linarioides (Boiss.) Munz = Delphinium linarioides Boiss.
细线飞燕草 Consolida lineolata Hub.-Mor. & Simon = Delphinium lineolatum (Hub.-Mor. & C.Simon) Jabbour
洛雷斯坦飞燕草 Consolida lorestanica Iranshahr = Delphinium lorestanicum (Iranshahr) Jabbour
毛里塔尼亚飞燕草 Consolida mauritanica (Coss.) Munz = Delphinium mauritanicum Coss.
土伊飞燕草 Consolida oliveriana (DC.) Schrödinger = Delphinium oliverianum DC.
全瓣飞燕草 Consolida olopetala (Boiss.) Hayek = Delphinium olopetalum Boiss.
东方飞燕草 Consolida orientalis (J.Gay) Schrödinger = Delphinium orientale J.Gay
波斯飞燕草 Consolida persica (Boiss.) Grossh. = Delphinium persicum Boiss.
弗里吉亚飞燕草 Consolida phrygia (Boiss.) Soó = Delphinium phrygium Boiss.
柔毛飞燕草 Consolida pubescens (DC.) Soó = Delphinium pubescens DC.
矮飞燕草 Consolida pygmaea (Poir.) Schrödinger = Delphinium pygmaeum Poir.
拉氏飞燕草 Consolida raveyi (Boiss.) Schrödinger = Delphinium raveyi Boiss.
野飞燕草 Consolida regalis Gray (syn. Consolida divaricata Schroding)= Delphinium consolida L.
凸脉飞燕草 Consolida rugulosa (Boiss.) Schrödinger = Delphinium rugulosum Boiss.
囊距飞燕草 Consolida saccata (Huth) P.H.Davis = Delphinium saccatum Huth
萨摩斯飞燕草 Consolida samia P.H.Davis = Delphinium samium (P.H.Davis) Jabbour
克什米尔飞燕草 Consolida schlagintweitii (Huth) Munz = Delphinium schlagintweitii Huth
硬枝飞燕草 Consolida scleroclada (Boiss.) Schrödinger = Delphinium sclerocladum Boiss.
显蕊飞燕草 Consolida staminosa P.H.Davis & Sorger = Delphinium staminosum (P.H.Davis & Sorger) Jabbour
施氏飞燕草 Consolida stapfiana P.H.Davis & Sorger = Delphinium stapfianum (P.H.Davis & Sorger) Jabbour
狭果飞燕草 Consolida stenocarpa (P.H.Davis & M.Hossain) P.H.Davis = Delphinium stenocarpum M.Hossain & P.H.Davis
斯氏飞燕草 Consolida stocksiana (Boiss.) Nevski = Delphinium stocksianum Boiss.
硫磺飞燕草 Consolida sulphurea (Boiss. & Hausskn.) P.H.Davis = Delphinium sulphureum Boiss. & Hausskn.
德黑兰飞燕草 Consolida teheranica (Boiss.) Rech.f. = Delphinium teheranicum Boiss.
纤细飞燕草 Consolida tenuissima (Sm.) Soó = Delphinium tenuissimum Sm.
瑟氏飞燕草 Consolida thirkeana (Boiss.) Bornm. = Delphinium thirkeanum Boiss.
绒毛飞燕草 Consolida tomentosa (Aucher ex Boiss.) Schrödinger = Delphinium tomentosum Aucher ex Boiss.
胡卢巴飞燕草 Consolida trigonelloides (Boiss.) Munz = Delphinium trigonelloides Boiss.
通氏飞燕草 Consolida tuntasiana (Halácsy) Soó = Delphinium tuntasianum Halácsy
于氏飞燕草 Consolida uechtritziana (Pančić ex Huth) Soó = Delphinium uechtritzianum Pančić ex Huth

参考文献

^ 侯宽昭. 中国种子植物科属词典. 北京: 科学出版社. 1958.
^ Jabbour, F. & Renner, S.S. Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region. Taxon. 2011, 60 (4): 1029-1040.
^ 中国科学院《中国植物志》编委会. 飞燕草属. 中国植物志 27. 北京: 科学出版社. 1979: 462–465.
^ 中国科学院《中国植物志》编委会. 翠雀属. 中国植物志 27. 北京: 科学出版社. 1979: 326–462.
^ WCSP (in review). Consolida. The Plant List. 2013 [2019-02-17].
^ WCSP (in review). Consolida barbata. The Plant List. 2012-03-23 [2019-02-18].
^ WCSP (in review). Consolida hohenackeri. The Plant List. 2012-03-23 [2019-02-18].