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Efemerèl·lids ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Els efemerèl·lids (Ephemerellidae) són una família d'insectes pertanyents a la superfamília Ephemerelloidea constituïda per efímeres conegudes com a nimfes reptantes o mosques de pescar. Estan incloses en l'ordre Ephemeroptera i són molt diverses.

El cos d'aquestes nimfes és més curt i ample que el dels espècimens d'altres famílies, i està ben adaptat al camuflatge.

Bibliografia

  • Voshell, J.R. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. McDonald and Woodward. Blacksburg, Va. 2002.
  • Merritt and Cummins. An Introduction to the Aquatic insects of North America 3rd ed. Kendall Hunt. Dubuque, Iowa. 1996.

Vegeu també

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Efemerèl·lids Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  • Pannot, un dels dos subordres en què es divideix l'ordre Ephemeroptera
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Efemerèl·lids: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Els efemerèl·lids (Ephemerellidae) són una família d'insectes pertanyents a la superfamília Ephemerelloidea constituïda per efímeres conegudes com a nimfes reptantes o mosques de pescar. Estan incloses en l'ordre Ephemeroptera i són molt diverses.

El cos d'aquestes nimfes és més curt i ample que el dels espècimens d'altres famílies, i està ben adaptat al camuflatge.

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Ephemerellidae

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Ephemerellidae are known as the spiny crawler mayflies. They are a family of the order Ephemeroptera. There are eight genera consisting of a total 90 species (Merritt & Cummins). They are distributed throughout North America as well as the UK. Their habitat is lotic-erosional, they are found in all sizes of flowing streams on different types of substrates where there is reduced flow. They are even found on the shores of lakes and beaches where there is wave action present. They move by swimming and clinging, they are very well camouflaged. Most species have one generation per year. They are mostly collector-gatherers.

If threatened by a predator, the larva will raise its three tails in a "scorpion posture" to appear larger. It will then project its tails in front and poke the enemy. Most species are sensitive to disturbance.

In the UK, the most commonly recorded species is Seratella ignita. The nymph of this animal is often distinguished from other Mayflies by the darker bands prominent on the legs and tails. Although another rare species Ephemerella notata lacks these prominent bands and so is more difficult to identify.

Morphology

The adults have the characteristic 3 tails. Additionally, the adults are generally 5– 15 mm. They have reduced mouthparts because the adults just emerge to mate and then die shortly after. They have two front wings and two reduced hind wings. Their wings are membranous and heavily veined to add strength since the adults must find one another through flight. The eyes of adult Ephemerellids are large and sit above two setaceous antennae. Their lightly sclerotized abdomen contains many segments for ease of mating positioning. The main feeding stage for these insects is the larval stage. The larvae have operculate gills—which just means that they are hardened. These gills allow them to breathe under water which makes them semi aquatic. The larvae and adults are soft bodied so they must be contained. They filter out debris and extract nutrients from that.

Significance to man

Mayflies are commonly used as models for fly fishing lures. Both the nymphs and the adults are common food among the aquatic stream world. With their long tails, they are very attractive bait for many species of trout, and in some cases small mouth bass. They have created a large market for fly fishing and have had a positive impact on the economy by selling the materials to make flies as well as the whole flies themselves. Additionally, mayflies- along with Trichoptera and Plecoptera- are frequently used as biological indicators. Many species are intolerant of pollution and will not survive in anthropogenically disturbed (pollution, urbanization, agriculture) streams. Their habitat, especially at the nymphal stage, is very limited. They are weak swimmers so they normally root to rocks, algae, and other vegetation. This poses a problem: if the area they are in becomes polluted there will be a die off. This obviously interrupts the natural ecosystem and food chain within that stream which can create an imbalance and affect populations of larger predators such as fish and eventually birds who eat the fish. They are fundamental to the proper functioning of the ecosystem within the streams.

Genera

References

1 - Voshell, J.R. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. McDonald and Woodward. Blacksburg, Va. 2002.

2 - Merritt and Cummins. An Introduction to the Aquatic insects of North America 3rd ed. Kendall Hunt. Dubuque, Iowa. 1996.

3- Brady, Valerie. "Ephemeroptera- the mayflies." 4/27/16.

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Ephemerellidae: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Ephemerellidae are known as the spiny crawler mayflies. They are a family of the order Ephemeroptera. There are eight genera consisting of a total 90 species (Merritt & Cummins). They are distributed throughout North America as well as the UK. Their habitat is lotic-erosional, they are found in all sizes of flowing streams on different types of substrates where there is reduced flow. They are even found on the shores of lakes and beaches where there is wave action present. They move by swimming and clinging, they are very well camouflaged. Most species have one generation per year. They are mostly collector-gatherers.

If threatened by a predator, the larva will raise its three tails in a "scorpion posture" to appear larger. It will then project its tails in front and poke the enemy. Most species are sensitive to disturbance.

In the UK, the most commonly recorded species is Seratella ignita. The nymph of this animal is often distinguished from other Mayflies by the darker bands prominent on the legs and tails. Although another rare species Ephemerella notata lacks these prominent bands and so is more difficult to identify.

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Ephemerellidae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los efemerélidos (Ephemerellidae) son una familia de insectos pertenecientes a la superfamilia Ephemerelloidea constituida por efímeras conocidas como ninfas reptantes o moscas de pescar. Están incluidas en el orden Ephemeroptera y son muy diversas; existen unas 90 especies, distribuidas por toda Asia, Oceanía, Europa y Norteamérica.[1]

Características

El cuerpo de las ninfas es más corto y ancho que el de los especímenes de otras familias, y está bien adaptado al camuflaje. Presentan branquias bífidas de tipo plumoso así como mandíbula con alargamientos no convergentes, a diferencia de otras familias de efímeras que los presentan convergentes.

Historia natural

Su hábitat es lótico-erosional; muchas de las especies habitan en secciones relativamente rápidas de arroyos y en pools lentos de arena, en diferentes tipos de sustrato, donde haya un flujo reducido. Incluso pueden encontrarse en las orillas de lagos con presencia de olas. Se desplazan nadando y aferrándose.

La mayoría de las especies producen una generación al año. Se reproducen tanto sexualmente como partenogenéticamente. Son principalmente detritívros del fondo de los arroyos. Ante la amenaza de un depredador, la larva eleva sus 3 colas en una «postura de escorpión» para aparentar mayor tamaño. Entonces las proyecta hacia adelante y golpea a su enemigo. La mayoría de las especies reaccionan cuando se las molesta.

De las cinco familias de efímeras asimiladas de este grupo, Ephemerellidae es, con diferencia, la más importante. Las especies del género Ephemerella son insectos de vida aérea cuando son imagos, y acuáticos en fase larvaria. Son muy utilizados por los pescadores para la pesca de río, así como sus imitaciones artificiales.

La efímera o cachipolla Drunella paradinasi es una de las diez especies de aspecto similar presentes en España. Se distribuye por las montañas del interior de la península ibérica, siendo característica de aguas de sustratos ácidos, limpias, sobre sustrato pedregoso. Las diferentes eclosiones de insectos representan un fenómeno singular. Dependiendo de las condiciones del tiempo, se presentan de manera disímil. Días lluviosos y cubiertos brindan las eclosiones más densas. Cuando la eclosión de insectos se inicia, generalmente al mediodía, se observa cómo un enorme número de peces se mueven a la cabeza de rápidos, comenzando a tomar de manera excitada, emergentes y adultos. Las truchas entonces atacan a las efímeras con una gran voracidad, irrumpiendo en la superficie. La eclosión más conocida durante el año es la de Ephemerella spp. Ésta se inicia a mediados de junio y alcanza mediados de agosto.

Taxonomía

La familia Ephemerellidae incluye 36 géneros:[2]

Referencias

  1. Merritt and Cummins. An Introduction to the Aquatic insects of North America 3rd ed. Kendall Hunt. Dubuque, Iowa. 1996.
  2. «IRMNG - Ephemerellidae Klapálek, 1909». www.irmng.org. Consultado el 4 de noviembre de 2021.
  • Voshell, J.R. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. McDonald and Woodward. Blacksburg, Va. 2002.
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Ephemerellidae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los efemerélidos (Ephemerellidae) son una familia de insectos pertenecientes a la superfamilia Ephemerelloidea constituida por efímeras conocidas como ninfas reptantes o moscas de pescar. Están incluidas en el orden Ephemeroptera y son muy diversas; existen unas 90 especies, distribuidas por toda Asia, Oceanía, Europa y Norteamérica.​

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Samblapäeviklased ( Estonian )

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Samblapäeviklased (Ephemerellidae) on ühepäevikuliste seltsi kuuluv putukate sugukond.

Eestis on vähemalt 2 liiki:

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Ephemerellidae ( French )

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Les Ephemerellidae forment une famille d'insectes de l'ordre des éphéméroptères. Elle contient près de 200 espèces actuelles réparties dans 18 genres.

Classification

Sous-famille Ephemerellinae Klapálek, 1909

- Tribu Ephemerellini Klapálek, 1909

  • Caudatella Edmunds, 1959
  • Caurinella Allen, 1984
  • Cincticostella Allen, 1980
    • Cincticostella (Cincticostella) Allen, 1980
    • Cincticostella (Rhionella) Allen, 1980
  • Crinitella Allen & Edmunds, 1963
  • Drunella Needham, 1905
    • Drunella (Drunella) Needham, 1905
    • Drunella (Eatonella) Needham, 1927
    • Drunella (Myllonella) Allen, 1980
    • Drunella (Tribrochella) Allen, 1980
    • Drunella (Unirachella) Allen, 1980
  • Ephacerella Paclt, 1994 nouveau nom de Acerella Allen, 1971 préoccupé par Berlese 1909 (Protura)
  • Ephemerella Walsch, 1862
    • Ephemerella (Amurella) Kluge, 1997
    • Ephemerella (Notacanthella) Kluge, 2004
    • Ephemerella (Ephemerella) Walsch, 1862 syn Chitonophora Bengtsson, 1908
  • Kangella Sartori, 2004 nouveau nom de Eburella Kang & Yang, 1995 préoccupé par Monne & Martins 1973 (Coleoptera)
  • Serratella Edmunds, 1959
  • Teloganopsis Ulmer, 1939
  • Torleya Lestage, 1917
  • Uracanthella Belov, 1979
  • Turfanerella Demoulin, 1954

- Tribu Hyrtanellini Allen, 1980

Sous-famille Timpanoginae Allen, 1984

Incertae sedis

Austremerellidae, Melanemerellidae, Philolimniidae, Teloganellidae, Teloganodidae & Vietnamellidae ont été classés auparavant dans cette famille.

Références

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Ephemerellidae: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Ephemerellidae forment une famille d'insectes de l'ordre des éphéméroptères. Elle contient près de 200 espèces actuelles réparties dans 18 genres.

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Ephemerellidae ( Italian )

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Ephemerellidae è una famiglia di insetti che comprende circa 170 specie di effimere lunghe da 0,6 a 1,4 cm. Questi insetti di medie dimensioni hanno tre code addominali e una colorazione scura o opaca.

Ciclo biologico

Molte femmine depongono le uova in un ammasso, che poi dividono sulla superficie dell'acqua. Molte ninfe si nutrono di materia organica in putrefazione.

Distribuzione

In tutto il mondo, ma rari nell'emisfero meridionale; in fumi, torrenti, laghi e stagni, tra l'erba, i rifiuti vegetali e la sabbia.

Note

Questi insetti vengono utilizzati come modelli per la fabbricazione di esche da pesca.

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Ephemerellidae: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Ephemerellidae è una famiglia di insetti che comprende circa 170 specie di effimere lunghe da 0,6 a 1,4 cm. Questi insetti di medie dimensioni hanno tre code addominali e una colorazione scura o opaca.

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Ephemerellidae ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Insecten

Ephemerellidae is een familie van haften (Ephemeroptera).

Geslachten

De familie Ephemerellidae omvat de volgende geslachten:

In Nederland voorkomende soorten

Externe links

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Ephemerellidae: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Ephemerellidae is een familie van haften (Ephemeroptera).

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Ryggjelledøgnfluer ( Norwegian )

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Ryggjelledøgnfluer (Ephemerellidae) er en familiegruppe av døgnfluene. De er tilknyttet et liv i ferskvann som nymfer (larve), de voksne tar ikke til seg føde og lever ikke så lenge. Men de fleste lever lengre enn ett døgn. De er utbredt i hele verden, unntatt på de kaldeste stedene som antarktis og arktis. Det er flest arter på den nordlige halvkule.

Flere av døgnfluene i familien Ryggjelledøgnfluer er modell for fluefiskere som binder fiskefluer.

Utseende

Kroppen er brulig og mørk på farge og er mellom 6 og 14 millimeter lang. Artene i denne gruppen har tre haletråder (cerci). Vingene er ofte klare og skinnende uten fargetegninger.

Nymfene har en noe flattrykt kropp og kraftige føtter.

Levevis

Ryggjelledøgnfluer lever mesteparten av sitt liv i ferskvann som larver eller nymfer. Døgnfluer kan ikke ta til seg føde eller fuktighet som voksne individer.

Ryggjelledøgnfluer har nymfestadiet i rennende vann, ofte med sterk strøm. Både i mindre innsjøer, bekker og større elver. Eggene legges på vann overflaten, i en klump, som løser seg opp slik at eggene spres i vannmassene. Nymfene lever av organisk materiale, som alger eller råtnende planter. Men noen, også av andre mindre dyr. De voksne spiser ikke.

Døgnfluer tilhører gruppen insekter med ufullstendig forvandling, som betyr at den ikke har et puppestadium mellom nymfestadiet og «Fluestadiet» (imago). Men, livssyklus er enestående i dyreriket på grunn et mellomstadie kalt subimago som ingen andre kjente insektsgrupper gjennomgår. Fluefiskere kaller dette stadiet for dun (Eng.). I Norden tar utviklingen ett år.

Systematisk Inndeling med europeiske arter

I Norge er det 3 arter. I 1993 ble det i bladet InsektNytt, publisert en liste[1], med forslag til norske navn på døgnfluene. Norsk entomologisk forenings foreslåtte navn står først i listen, andre norske navn er skrevet inn bak. Det forvirrende med norske navn er at ulike bøker bruker ulike navn og navnene kan variere med dialektene. De fleste nummer av InsektNytt kan lastes ned og leses på siden til Norsk Entomologisk forening [1].

Norsk entomologisk forening har også utgitt en rekke Insekttabeller. Dette er små og billige hefter der en kan bestemme insekter til artsnivå. Et av heftene (se kilde) tar for seg døgnfluelarvene.

Nomenklaturen følger Puthz.[2]

Treliste

Referanser

  1. ^ Johansen & Lunde, 1993
  2. ^ Puthz 1978.

Kilder

Eksterne lenker

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Ryggjelledøgnfluer: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Ryggjelledøgnfluer (Ephemerellidae) er en familiegruppe av døgnfluene. De er tilknyttet et liv i ferskvann som nymfer (larve), de voksne tar ikke til seg føde og lever ikke så lenge. Men de fleste lever lengre enn ett døgn. De er utbredt i hele verden, unntatt på de kaldeste stedene som antarktis og arktis. Det er flest arter på den nordlige halvkule.

Flere av døgnfluene i familien Ryggjelledøgnfluer er modell for fluefiskere som binder fiskefluer.

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