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Pseudotrichomonas (sue-dough-trick-owe-moan-ass) one of the very few free-living trichomonad flagellates. With four unequal flagella arising near the anterior apex of the cell, and with an axostyle which emerges at the back of the cell. One flagellum usually forming an undulating membrane, although that is not evident here. Phase contrast.
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Hexamastix are small (10-30 µm) trichomonad flagellates with five grouped anteriorly directed flagella and a recurrent non-adhering flagellum. Axostyle well developed and parabasal V-shaped. Among the 11 species described, several live in Invertebrates such as H. claviger in termites (Kirby, 1930) and in vertebrates such as H. caviae in rodents (Nie, 1950). Hexamastix claviger from Kalotermes flavicollis (phase contrast). Hexamastix caviae from Arvicola terrestris (phase contrast).
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Centers for Disease Control/Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
EOL staff
Life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis, the cause of trichomoniasis in humansTrichomonas vaginalis resides in the female lower genital tract and the male urethra and prostate (1), where it replicates by binary fission (2). The parasite does not appear to have a cyst form, and does not survive well in the external environment. Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted among humans, its only known host, primarily by sexual intercourse (3).From
Centers for Disease Control Parasites and Health website
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Pseudotrichomonas (sue-dough-trick-owe-moan-ass) one of the very few free-living trichomonad flagellates. With four unequal flagella arising near the anterior apex of the cell, and with an axostyle which emerges at the back of the cell. One flagellum usually forming an undulating membrane, although that is not evident here. Phase contrast.
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Pentatrichomonoides is a trichomonad flagellate (18-45 µm) with five anteriorly directed free flagella and a recurrent flagellum forming an undulating membrane. Anterior flagella arising from a gullet. Cell shape changeable, cigar-shaped, and truncated posteriorly or broadly triangular. Costa and undulating membrane often recurved posteriorly. No central axostyle, parabasal of variable shape. One species known at the time of writing - Pentatrichomonoides scroa from Mastotermes darwiniensis and Glyptotermes dudleyi, long form (Giemsa).
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Centers for Disease Control/Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
EOL staff
Life cycle of the flagellate Pentatrichomonas hominisPentatrichomonas hominis is a trichomonad flagellate with a worldwide distribution. Only trophozoites are shed in feces (1) as there is no known cyst stage for this species. Infection occurs after the ingestion of trophozoites in fecally-contaminated food or water or on fomites (i.e., other non-living objects or substances that can transmit them) (2). These organisms reside in the large intestine, where they are regarded as commensals (i.e., benefiting from but not harming their host) and are not known to cause disease in humans.From
Centers for Disease Control Parasites and Health website
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Pentatrichomonoides is a trichomonad flagellate (18-45 µm) with five anteriorly directed free flagella and a recurrent flagellum forming an undulating membrane. Anterior flagella arising from a gullet. Cell shape changeable, cigar-shaped, and truncated posteriorly or broadly triangular. Costa and undulating membrane often recurved posteriorly. No central axostyle, parabasal of variable shape. One species known at the time of writing - Pentatrichomonoides scroa from Mastotermes darwiniensis and Glyptotermes dudleyi, triangular form (Giemsa).
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This free living trichomonad has three flagella projecting anteriorly and one passing backwards over the cell. This cell was not uncommon in organically rich sediments around the margins of Mono Lake.
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Pentatrichomonoides is a trichomonad flagellate (18-45 µm) with five anteriorly directed free flagella and a recurrent flagellum forming an undulating membrane. Anterior flagella arising from a gullet. Cell shape changeable, cigar-shaped, and truncated posteriorly or broadly triangular. Costa and undulating membrane often recurved posteriorly. No central axostyle, parabasal of variable shape. One species known at the time of writing - Pentatrichomonoides scroa from Mastotermes darwiniensis and Glyptotermes dudleyi. Pentatrichomonoides scroa from Mastotermes darwiniensis with undulating membrane and subjacent costa (immunofluorescence).
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Pseudotrichomonas keilini Bishop, 1939. Cells plastic, especially when compressed, but usually pyriform, sometimes with a stiff posterior spike, encountered in both brackish and freshwater environments. The brackish strain is 7 to 17 microns long and the freshwater strain 8 to 12 microns long. The spike, when present, is usually less than 10 microns, but may be as long as 20 microns in compressed cells. Usually four flagella insert subapically but some cells were observed with three or five flagella. Three subequal flagella, the longest up to twice the length of the body, beat anteriorly with a co-ordinated clawing motion. The posterior flagellum is up to one and half times the length of the body, is usually attached to the cell body and beats as an undulating membrane. The length of the undulating membrane varies from less than 2 microns to almost the length of the cell. The nucleus is located in the anterior half of the cell and may be seen surrounded by granules. Food vacuoles are present in the cell. Cells may produce thin posterior threads of cytoplasm, which often adhere to the substrate. Cells swim with a jerky rotating motion.
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Scanning electron micrograph showing a slender form and a stumpy form with 5 anterior flagella and a recurrent one associated with an undulating membrane. Photograph from A. Breunig. More details in Brugerolle G., Breunig A., König H.(1994) Europ. J. Protistology 30, 372-378.
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Pseudotrypanosoma is a trichomonad flagellate with four anterior flagella and a recurrent flagellum associated with a conspicuous undulating membrane, but no free terminal portion. Undulating membrane reaching the posterior end sustained by a thick and contractile costa. Axostyle of moderate diameter and with a terminal bulbous expansion. Parabsal body very long and branched. The most known species is P. giganteum occurring in Porotermes adamsoni. Pseudotrypanosoma giganteum from Porotermes adamsoni long cell (phase contrast)
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Pseudotrypanosoma is a trichomonad flagellate with four anterior flagella and a recurrent flagellum associated with a conspicuous undulating membrane, but no free terminal portion. Undulating membrane reaching the posterior end sustained by a thick and contractile costa. Axostyle of moderate diameter and with a terminal bulbous expansion. Parabsal body very long and branched. The most known species is P. giganteum occurring in Porotermes adamsoni. Pseudotrypanosoma giganteum from Porotermes adamsoni stumpy cell (phase contrast)
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This is an illustration of the assumed life cycle of Dientamoeba fragilis, the cause of a protozoan parasitic infection.Created: 2002
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Pseudotrypanosoma is a trichomonad flagellate with four anterior flagella and a recurrent flagellum associated with a conspicuous undulating membrane, but no free terminal portion. Undulating membrane reaching the posterior end sustained by a thick and contractile costa. Axostyle of moderate diameter and with a terminal bulbous expansion. Parabsal body very long and branched. The most known species is P. giganteum occurring in Porotermes adamsoni. Pseudotrypanosoma giganteum from Porotermes adamsoni anterior part showing anterior flagella, the recurrent flagellum associated with the undulating membrane, the subjacent costa and the nucleus (phase contrast).
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Pseudotrypanosoma is a trichomonad flagellate with four anterior flagella and a recurrent flagellum associated with a conspicuous undulating membrane, but no free terminal portion. Undulating membrane reaching the posterior end sustained by a thick and contractile costa. Axostyle of moderate diameter and with a terminal bulbous expansion. Parabsal body very long and branched. The most known species is P. giganteum occurring in Porotermes adamsoni. Pseudotrypanosoma giganteum from Porotermes adamsoni undulating membrane and subjacent costa (immunofluorescence).
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Trichomitopsis (trick-owe-mite-us) is a trichomonad flagellate. this genus has five flagella, four pointing forward and in this micrograph these adhere to each other along most of their lengths. There is also a recurrent flagellum which adheres to the surface of the cell and when it beats causes the margin of the cell to undulate. Flagellates ranging in size from 11-150 microns Costa stout, axostyle stout with a terminal segment often expanded into a pointed bulbous enlargement. The trichomonads often wrap around debris in the gut. They ingest particles of wood which gives some cells a very refractile appearance. From the termite Zootermopsis, supplied by Wards Natural Science Establishment, Rochester, New York, USA. Phase contrast.
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Scanning electron micrograph showing the undulating membrane.
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Trichomitopsis (trick-owe-mite-us) is a trichomonad flagellate. this genus has five flagella, four pointing forward. There is also a recurrent flagellum which adheres to the surface of the cell and when it beats causes the margin of the cell to undulate - the feature that is emphasized in this image. The axostyle leading from the front to the rear is also evident as the stiff dark internal structure. From the termite Zootermopsis, supplied by Wards Natural Science Establishment, Rochester, New York, USA. Phase contrast.