Associations
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Foodplant / spot causer
amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph of Ramularia didymarioides causes spots on live leaf of Silene noctiflora
Foodplant / spot causer
mainly hypophyllous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph of Ramularia lychnicola causes spots on live leaf of Silene noctiflora
Comments
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Silene noctiflora is sometimes confused with S. latifolia, but they are very different species. Silene noctiflora differs in having perfect flowers with long, very narrow calyx teeth and an elliptic, fruiting calyx that is narrow at the mouth and constricted around the capsule base. It also has three styles and a capsule that dehisces by six teeth; S. latifolia has (four or) five styles and a capsule that dehisces by five bifid teeth. The flowers of S. noctiflora, as its name indicates, are nocturnal and moth-pollinated.
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Description
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Plants annual, densely pubescent throughout, viscid-glandular, especially distally; taproot slender. Stems erect, simple proximal to inflorescence or with few basal branches, branched distally, to 75 cm. Leaves 2 per node, gradually reduced distally; basal blades oblanceolate, 6-12(-14) cm × 20-45 mm; cauline blades ascending, conspicuously veined, broadly elliptic to lanceolate, 1-11 cm × 3-40 mm, apex acute, shortly acuminate, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescences cymose, 3-15-flowered, bracteate; cyme open, flowers held on ascending branches; bracts leaflike, narrowly lanceolate, 1-5 cm, apex acuminate. Pedicels ascending, straight, 1/ 3-3 times longer than calyx. Flowers nocturnal, 20-25 mm diam.; calyx prominently 10-veined, ovate-elliptic, fusiform, narrowed to both ends and constricted around carpophore, 15-24(-40) × ca. 3 mm in flower, swelling to 10 mm diam. in fruit, thin and papery, margins dentate, with pale commissures; lobes erect, often recurved in fruit, linear-lanceolate, long, narrow, (3-)5-10(-15) mm, apex acuminate, short-pubescent, glandular, interspersed with long eglandular hairs, veins anastomosing; corolla white, often pink tinged, clawed, claw equaling calyx lobes, limb deeply 2-lobed, lobes usually narrow, appendages 0.5-1.5 mm broad, margins entire or erose; stamens shorter than petals; styles 3, shorter than petals. Capsules ovoid, constricted at mouth, equaling or slightly longer than calyx tube, opening by 6 recurved teeth; carpophore 1-3 mm. Seeds dark brown to black, with gray bloom, broadly reniform, 0.8-1 mm, strongly tuberculate. 2n = 24.
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Description
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Herbs annual, 30--50(--90) cm tall, densely shortly pubescent. Primary root slightly lignified. Stems erect, simple or sparsely branched, apically glandular hairy. Basal leaves long elliptic-obovate, 5--11 × 2--4 cm, both surfaces villous, midvein and lateral veins prominent, base attenuate into short petiole, half clasping, apex acute; distal leaves subsessile, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate. Dichasial cymes few flowered, glandular hairy; flowers bisexual, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel erect, shorter than calyx; bracts lanceolate, glandular hairy. Calyx tubular, 2--2.5(--3) cm × ca. 5 mm, glandular hairy, inflated and ellipsoid at late anthesis, slightly constricted at apex; longitudinal veins 10, violet, reticulate; calyx teeth narrowly lanceolate, 8--10 mm. Androgynophore ca. 2 mm. Petals ca. 2.5 cm; claws slightly exserted beyond calyx, narrowly oblanceolate, glabrous, auricles triangular; limbs pale pink, yellowish below, obovate, ca. 6 mm, deeply bifid to 1/2 to 2/3 of limbs; lobes entire or slightly erose, inrolled at daylight; coronal scales ovoid, small, 2--4-toothed. Stamens included; filaments glabrous. Styles 3, slightly exserted. Capsule ovoid, 1.5--1.8 cm, shorter than calyx. Seeds dark brown, reniform, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 24.
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Distribution
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introduced; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Ala., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Europe.
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Distribution
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Xinjiang (N of Tian Shan) [Kazakhstan, Russia; SW Asia, Europe].
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering summer.
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Habitat
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Arable land, disturbed ground; 0-3000m.
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Habitat
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Grasslands; 1300--1800 m.
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Synonym
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Melandrium noctiflorum (Linnaeus) Fries
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Synonym
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Elisanthe noctiflora (Linnaeus) Ruprecht; Melandrium noctiflorum (Linnaeus) Fries.
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Silene noctiflora
provided by wikipedia EN
Silene noctiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names night-flowering catchfly,[1] nightflowering silene[2] and clammy cockle. It is native to Eurasia, but it is known on other continents as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. In North America, it is a common weed of grain crops in the Canadian prairie provinces and in much of the United States.[3] It grows in fields and in other disturbed habitat.
Description
Wild Night-Flowering Catchfly in
Behbahan
The night-flowering catchfly is an annual herb producing a hairy, glandular stem up to about 75 or 80 centimeters in maximum height. It is sticky in texture. The hairy, widely lance-shaped leaves grow in opposite pairs and are up to 14 centimeters long and 5 wide, the largest ones located low on the stem. The flowers are nocturnal,[4] and occur in an open cyme of up to fifteen blooms, each borne on an erect pedicel. The flower is encapsulated in a hairy calyx of fused sepals lined with a netlike pattern of veining. The five petals are white to pink and each has two lobes at the tip. They measure up to 2.5 centimeters wide when fully open. The fruit is a yellowish-brown capsule with six chambers which splits open to release the seeds.[5]
Ecology
As night falls the flowers of the night-flowering catchfly open and release a strong fragrance which attracts night-flying moths which feed on the copious nectar and pollinate the plant.[5]
Research
Besides being a competitive weed, the night-flowering catchfly is host to some plant pathogens that can spread to crop plants, including tobacco streak virus and Lychnis ringspot virus.[3]
The mitochondrial genome of this species has been sequenced. It is 6.7 megabases long, which is very large compared to some other Silene species such as Silene vulgaris (0.43 megabases), is one of the largest sequenced plant mitochondrial genomes (the largest is Silene conica at 11.3 megabases), and consists of 59 small chromosomes.[6][7]
References
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Silene noctiflora: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Silene noctiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names night-flowering catchfly, nightflowering silene and clammy cockle. It is native to Eurasia, but it is known on other continents as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. In North America, it is a common weed of grain crops in the Canadian prairie provinces and in much of the United States. It grows in fields and in other disturbed habitat.
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