Gonyaulacales

Fig 1: Gonyaulax polygramma Schematic diagram (ventral view) redrawn from Tomas et al. 1997.

Goniodoma acuminatum.

Two cells, two faces.

Ceratium fusus.

Ribadelago, Castille and Leon, Spain

First depiction of the dinoflagellate now know as Ceratium fusus by Christian Ehrenberg in 1834 as Peridinium fusus.

Ceratium furca from the Bay of Villefranche. Living cell, note that the trailing flagella was rotating.

Illa de Arousa, A, Galicia, Spain

First described by Paul Gourret in 1883 as Ceratium fusus, var. extensum. now known as Ceratium extensum or Neoceratium extensum

Reboredo, Galicia, Spain

Tripos lineatus Scale bar indicates 50 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 2/2022. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54,3894126 Longitude: 10,1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 50 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 2/2022. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Ceratium Cyst Scale bar indicates 25 µm. Collected from a pond near the Bodden bay Schwarzer Peter in the southern part of the isle Hiddensee (German Baltic Sea). Sampling date 10/2018. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Standard with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Pond near the Bodden bay Schwarzer Peter, Hiddensee (German Baltic Sea) Latitude: 54,514946 Longitude: 13,082471 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 25 µm. Probe aus einem Teich nahe der Boddenbucht Schwarzer Peter auf Hiddensee. Datum der Aufsammlung: 10/2018. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Standard, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Fig 1: Coolia monotis Schematic diagram (hypothecal view) redrawn from Tomas et al. 1997.

G. spinifera cells are slightly longer than broad. The epictheca has convex sides and a small epical horn. The hypotheca has a 2-4 antapical spines. The sulcus extends almoust the whole length of the cell. The cingulum is deeply excavated and displaced by 2 or more widths. G. spinifera is sometimes confused with Gonyaulax digitale.

San Martin De Castaneda, Castille and Leon, Spain

From the Bay of Villefranche in December 2013

First depiction of Ceratium furca was by Christian Ehrenberg in 1834 as Perdinium furca. Note the drawing of a rotating flagella.

Illa de Arousa, A, Galicia, Spain

Ceratium extensum (or Neoceratium extensum), the longest Ceratium species. Specimen from the Bay of Villefranche.

Reboredo, Galicia, Spain

Tripos fusus Aka Ceratium fusus. Scale bar indicates 100 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (German Baltic Sea). Sampling date 3/2018. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: North Sea around Heligoland Latitude: 54,186311 Longitude: 7,895034 Vormals Ceratium fusus. Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 100 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 3/2018. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Tripos muelleri Scale bar indicates 100 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 2/2022. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54,3894126 Longitude: 10,1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 100 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 3/2022. Mikrotechnik: Olympus stereo microscope SZX16/Planapo 2.0x, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Fig 2: Coolia monotis Schematic diagram (epithecal view) redrawn from Tomas et al. 1997