Brief Summary
provided by EOL authors
Ficus is one of the two small genera in the marine gastropod snail family Ficidae.This genus contains 10 species of medium-large sized snails characterized by delicate shells with swelled body whorls and a drawn-out siphonal canal, giving them a distinct pear or fig shape. The largest species (F. gracilis, the graceful fig shell) grows to about 20 cm (8 inches) in length.The family has species in coastal waters around the world, mainly in the tropics and warm temperate areas. While a few species inhabit intertidal areas, most live in deeper waters up to 1000 m (3300 feet), and have been discovered as by-catch from trawls.Those in intertidal areas bury themselves in sand at low tide, making them appear rarer than they may actually be.
All species live on sand or silt surfaces.When gliding along the surface on their large foot, their fleshy mantle partially to fully covers their shell.They feed by pulling small organisms and small organic particles into their feeding cavity with their proboscis. Neo (2010) points out that previous authors cited various Ficus species as feeding on echinoderms; this is not confirmed by recorded observations, however polychaete cuticle has been recorded in the guts of F. subintermedia. Ficus snails have no operculum.Many of the species have multiple synonyms, which can make their taxonomy and identification confusing (Archerd shell collection; Mitchell 2008; Poutiers 1998; Neo 2010; Vos 2013).
Derivation of specific name
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
bussei: named after W. Busse, German agricultural officer and collector in Tanganyika (now Tanzania).
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus bussei Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120230
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Derivation of specific name
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
craterostoma: from cratero-, bowl-shaped and -stoma, opening or mouth (Gr); probably referring to the relatively large aperture or ostiole in the figs.
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus craterostoma Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120270
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Derivation of specific name
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
fischeri: named after Dr Gustav Fischer (1848-1886), German doctor and naturalist, who collected in Kenya and Tanzania
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus fischeri Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120290
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Medium to large evergreen or briefly deciduous tree, often starting epiphyticly epiphytically as a strangler. Bark smoothish, grey-brown, finely fissured and flaking on the lower stem of old trees; latex present. Leaves clustered near the ends of branches, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic to somewhat obovate or ovate, 10-30 cm, dark olive green above, paler below, usually hairless or finely hairy on the veins; base cordate with the lobes sometimes overlapping the petiole; veins yellowish, prominently raised below; margin entire, slightly rolled under. Fruits Figs in pairs in the leaf axils, pedunculate, rarely or on bare twigs, subspherical, c. 30 mm in diameter, green and warty, yellowish when ripe.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus bussei Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120230
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
A shrub or small tree, mostly epiphytic and strangling, or terrestrial, deciduous. Leaves spirally arranged, petiole c. 1.5 cm., lamina c. 8x4 cm., papery, oblong to elliptic, apex shortly acuminate to subacute, base cordate to rounded, margin wavy, finely hairy above and on the veins below. Figs in pairs in the leaf axils or on older wood.
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus nigropunctata Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120340
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Medium to large deciduous tree, often starting epiphytically but often becoming terrestrial and free-standing. Leaves ovate to broadly ovate, 8-15 cm, dark to bright olive green above, paler below, thinly leathery, hairless; base truncate to shallowly cordate; veins yellowish, midrib raised below; margin entire. Fruits singly or in pairs in the leaf axils or on old leaf scars, pedunculate, subspherical, c. 20 mm, sometimes with small warts or minute reddish hairs, yellowish green.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus fischeri Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120290
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Description
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Small to medium-sized tree, often growing as a lithophyte or strangler. Leaves spirally arranged or distichous, sometimes subopposite, 3−8 × 2−4.5 cm, hairless, dark green above, paler beneath, obtriangular to subobovate, the apex often markedly truncate or even slightly bi-lobed. Midrib not reaching the apex of the lamina. Petiole grooved along the top. Figs initially enveloped by a bud cover up to c. 10 mm. long; mature figs c. 15 mm in diameter, in pairs in leaf axils, sessile, warty with reddish spots.
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus craterostoma Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120270
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Frequency
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Local
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus craterostoma Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120270
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Frequency
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Rare; only 1 tree known in the wild
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus fischeri Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120290
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Sierra Leone to Uganda, Tanzania and South to Angola and South Africa as far as Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus craterostoma Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120270
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Angola, Botswana, Namibia (Caprivi), D.R. Congo, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus fischeri Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120290
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
From Kenya to KwaZulu-Natal and as far west as Hwange in Zimbabwe.
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus nigropunctata Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120340
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Indonesia, the Malayan Peninsula, Burma, India and the E Himalayas
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus elastica L. Flora of Mozambique website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.mozambiqueflora.com/cult/species.php?species_id=173460
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- Mark Hyde
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- Bart Wursten
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- Petra Ballings
Worldwide distribution
provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Along the East African coast from Somalia to Mozambique,Zimbabwe and Zambia.
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- cc-by-nc
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- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- bibliographic citation
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Ficus bussei Mildbr. & Burret Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120230
- author
- Mark Hyde
- author
- Bart Wursten
- author
- Petra Ballings
Ficus (gastropod)
provided by wikipedia EN
Ficus is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ficidae, the fig shells.[3]
This is the type of the family Ficidae. Previously it has been categorized in the family Muricidae by Tryon, 1873) and Tritonidae (by Mörch)
Description
The light, pyriform shell is ventricose, ribbed, and cancellated. The spire very short. The aperture large. The smooth columella is simple. The elongated canal is straight. The thin outer lip is entire. There is no umbilicus.[4]
Species
Species within the genus Ficus include:
- † Ficus condita (Brongniart, 1823)
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Ficus dandrimonti Lorenz, 2012
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Ficus eospila (Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
- † Ficus ficoides (Brocchi, 1814)
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Ficus ficus Linnaeus, 1758[5]
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Ficus filosa (Sowerby III, 1892)[6]
- † Ficus geometra (Borson, 1825)
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Ficus gracilis (Sowerby I, 1825)
- † Ficus imperfecta P. Marshall & R. Murdoch, 1919
- † Ficus holmesii Conrad, 1867[7]
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Ficus investigatoris (Smith, 1906)[8]
- † Ficus pannus (Deshayes, 1864)
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Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822)[9]
- † Ficus parva Suter, 1917
- † Ficus parvissima Harzhauser, Raven & Landau, 2018
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Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856[10]
- † Ficus pilsbryi (Smith, 1907)
- † Ficus retinduta (de Gregorio, 1880)
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Ficus schneideri Morrison, 2016
- † Ficus subintermedia (d'Orbigny, 1852)
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Ficus variegata Röding, 1798[11]
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Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby I, 1825)[12]
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Ficus vosi H. Morrison, 2020
- Species brought into synonymy
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Ficus atlanticus Clench & Aguayo, 1940 : synonym of Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
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Ficus carolae Clench, 1945 : synonym of Ficus papyratia carolae Clench, 1945
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Ficus communis Röding, 1798 :[13] synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Ficus ficoides (Lamarck, 1822) : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Ficus filosus (Sowerby III, 1892) : synonym of Ficus filosa (Sowerby III, 1892)
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Ficus howelli Clench & Aguayo, 1940 : synonym of Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
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Ficus lindae Petuch, 1988 : synonym of Ficus papyratia lindae Petuch, 1988
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Ficus margaretae Iredale, 1931 : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Ficus pellucidus Deshayes, 1856 accepted as Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
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Ficus subintermedius (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of Ficus subintermedia (d'Orbigny, 1852)
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Ficus tessellatus (Kobelt, 1881) : synonym of Ficus eospila (Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
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Ficus variegatus Röding, 1798 : synonym of Ficus variegata Röding, 1798
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Ficus ventricosus (Sowerby I, 1825) : synonym of Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby I, 1825)
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Ficus villai Petuch, 1998:[14] synonym of Ficus papyratia villai Petuch, 1998
References
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Lamarck J.-B. (M. de) (1799). Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 63-91
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
- Verhaeghe, M. & Poppe, G. T., 2000 A Conchological Iconography (3), The Family Ficidae
- Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526; page(s): 107; note: type species fixation
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Ficus (gastropod): Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Ficus is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ficidae, the fig shells.
This is the type of the family Ficidae. Previously it has been categorized in the family Muricidae by Tryon, 1873) and Tritonidae (by Mörch)
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