Trophic Strategy
provided by Fishbase
Usually over the continental shelf, sometimes in oceanic waters down to 800 m (Ref. 9302). Usually solitary or in pairs near the bottom (Ref. 6181). Migrates far offshore (Ref. 26139). Feeds on fish, crustaceans and squid (Ref. 6181). The peculiar wooden 'palu' or Ruvettus hook is used to catch this species in south central Pacific (Ref. 6181). The flesh is very oily, with purgative properties, if eaten much (Ref. 6181). Feeds on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6181).
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 15; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 15 - 18; Vertebrae: 32
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Skin very rough, scales interspersed with spinous bony tubercles. Mid-ventral (abdominal) keel on the ventral contour. Body is uniformly brown to dark brown, tips of the pectoral and pelvic fins black, margins of the second dorsal and anal fins white in young specimens.
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Usually over the continental shelf, sometimes in oceanic waters down to 800 m (Ref. 9302). Usually solitary or in pairs near the bottom (Ref. 6181). Migrates far offshore (Ref. 26139). Pelagic (Ref. 5951). Feeds on fish, crustaceans and squid (Ref. 6181). The peculiar wooden 'palu' or Ruvettus hook is used to catch this species in south central Pacific (Ref. 6181). The flesh is very oily, with purgative properties, if eaten much (Ref. 6181). Marketed fresh and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302); also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 5217). Maximum length reported to reach up to 2 m only (Heemstra, pers. comm. 03/03).
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
分布
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
廣泛分布於全世界溫、熱帶海域。台灣大溪、南方澳、東港等漁市場皆可見。
利用
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
可利用底拖網或延繩釣捕獲。肌肉及內臟富含蠟質(Wax,一種高熔點,且不溶於水的有機物質),對於消化功能不佳的人,多食易導致腹瀉、嘔吐,雖無生命之威脅,但仍應避免食之。
描述
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體延長而略側扁,背、腹輪廓弧形,腹緣尖銳具稜脊,尾柄上無稜脊;體長約為體高之4.8倍左右。頭中大。吻尖突。口裂大,平直;下頜突出於上頜;上下頜具尖銳之犬齒。體表粗糙,被細圓鱗及骨狀瘤;側線一條,呈直行延伸。第一背鰭低,具棘XIII-XV;第二背鰭,
軟條16-20,離鰭2;臀鰭硬棘II,
軟條15-18,離鰭2;腹鰭小,具I,5;尾鰭深叉。體色一致呈暗褐色。
棲地
provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息在深層海域,通常在200-400公尺以上的深度棲息。游泳能力強,肉食性,主要棲息在陸棚斜坡,通常單獨或成對活動。主要以甲殼類、頭足類及其他小魚為主食
Oilfish
provided by wikipedia EN
The oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) is a species of snake mackerel fish with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and temperate oceans. It can be found at depths of from 100 to 800 metres (330 to 2,620 ft), usually between 200 and 400 metres (660 and 1,310 ft). It can grow to a length of 300 centimetres (120 in) TL (nearly 10 feet) though most do not exceed 150 centimetres (59 in) SL. The maximum recorded weight is 63.5 kilograms (140 lb). It is currently the only known member of its genus.[2]
The flesh of this fish is extremely oily and although edible, the oil actually consists of wax esters, which are not digested like edible oils. The flesh has an oil content of around 25%, and with serving sizes of several ounces and upwards commonplace, some people experience a laxative side effect from such a large amount of wax esters. Some consumers of large amounts of oilfish also experience abdominal cramps and vomiting.
Oilfish is pleasantly rich in taste and can be substantially cheaper than some other fish species, leading to some fish sellers intentionally mislabelling it as butterfish or even cod, despite the utter lack of relation. This leads the consumer to often eat larger servings, as they assume it is a fish with which they are familiar, and then may experience a laxative effect. Because of this, Japan and Italy have imposed an import ban on oilfish. Australia does not ban oilfish from being sold but recommends retailers and caterers to inform consumers about the potential risk associated with oilfish consumption.[3] The US FDA has warned consumers about potential mislabeling of oilfish and any laxative or vomiting side effects that occur are at worst uncomfortable, but pose no health risk.[4] Escolar, a relative of oilfish, also has high concentrations of wax esters and is often similarly mislabeled.
Hong Kong oilfish controversy
Hong Kong's ParknShop supermarket was selling oilfish labelled as "cod fish (oilfish)" in its stores. Consumers ate the fish, believing it to be cod, then suffered oily diarrhea (keriorrhea) as a result. The oilfish-labelling controversy was reported by a number of news and media organizations, such as TVB Newsmagazine. A total of 14 complaints were filed against the supermarket chain, leading to an investigation by the Centre for Food Safety. ParknShop has denied responsibility, claiming the fish is safe for human consumption. Nonetheless, the chain has since stopped selling the fish product.[5][6]
On 30 January 2007, the commercial attache from the Indonesian consulate in Hong Kong confirmed the export health certificate Mr Peter Johnston, ParknShop's Quality Food Safety and Regulatory Affairs General Manager, had used in its media conference several days earlier, was doctored. The attache explained its fisheries department, under a request from the Hong Kong importer, had changed the product name, by including "Cod Fish" alongside its scientific name, on the certificate.
As a result of the ParknShop-oilfish incident, Centre for Food Safety in Hong Kong published new guidelines on the proper labelling of oilfish to consumers, such that oilfish species Ruvettus pretiosus and Lepidocybium flavobrunneum should not be labelled as "cod".[7][8] ParknShop was also fined HKD 45,000 after pleading guilty to 9 counts of misrepresentation of products.[9]
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported in 2007 on several cases in Canada where mislabelled oilfish was sold at Chinese supermarkets.[10][11][12][13][14]
See also
References
-
^ Collette, B.B.; Curtis, M.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; et al. (2015). "Ruvettus pretiosus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T190432A16644022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190432A16644022.en.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Ruvettus pretiosus" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
-
^ "Escolar and oilfish health warning" (PDF). Queensland Health. October 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2012.
-
^ "Annex 2 - Seafood References for Managing Food Safety: A Manual for the Voluntary Use of HACCP Principles for Operators of Food Service and Retail Establishments". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 5, 2011 [First published April 2006]. Archived from the original on November 23, 2012.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Ruvettus pretiosus" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
-
^ Ayling, Tony; Cox, Geoffrey (1982). Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand: William Collins Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-00-216987-5.
-
^ "Guidelines on identification and labelling of oilfish and cod issued". Hong Kong: Centre for Food Safety. August 16, 2007.
-
^ "Guidelines on Identification and Labelling of Oilfish/Cod" (PDF). Hong Kong: Centre for Food Safety.
-
^ Lau, Nickkita (December 18, 2007). "ParknShop hit with 'mild' $45,000 fine for mislabeling oilfish as cod". The Standard. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
-
^ "Canadians fall ill after eating mislabelled oily fish". CBC News. February 23, 2007. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012.
-
^ "ParknShop explains why oilfish was labelled as cod". rthk.hk. January 24, 2007. Archived from the original on September 10, 2007.
-
^ Kim, Caroline (January 31, 2007). "All parties in oilfish saga to face probe". The Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008.
-
^ "Probe over oilfish marketed as codfish". news.gov.hk. Hong Kong. January 23, 2007.
-
^ "海洋行要求衛生證油魚改鱈魚 印尼出口商涉欺詐 或吊銷牌照". Ming Pao Daily News (in Chinese). Ming Pao New York. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
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Oilfish: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) is a species of snake mackerel fish with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and temperate oceans. It can be found at depths of from 100 to 800 metres (330 to 2,620 ft), usually between 200 and 400 metres (660 and 1,310 ft). It can grow to a length of 300 centimetres (120 in) TL (nearly 10 feet) though most do not exceed 150 centimetres (59 in) SL. The maximum recorded weight is 63.5 kilograms (140 lb). It is currently the only known member of its genus.
The flesh of this fish is extremely oily and although edible, the oil actually consists of wax esters, which are not digested like edible oils. The flesh has an oil content of around 25%, and with serving sizes of several ounces and upwards commonplace, some people experience a laxative side effect from such a large amount of wax esters. Some consumers of large amounts of oilfish also experience abdominal cramps and vomiting.
Oilfish is pleasantly rich in taste and can be substantially cheaper than some other fish species, leading to some fish sellers intentionally mislabelling it as butterfish or even cod, despite the utter lack of relation. This leads the consumer to often eat larger servings, as they assume it is a fish with which they are familiar, and then may experience a laxative effect. Because of this, Japan and Italy have imposed an import ban on oilfish. Australia does not ban oilfish from being sold but recommends retailers and caterers to inform consumers about the potential risk associated with oilfish consumption. The US FDA has warned consumers about potential mislabeling of oilfish and any laxative or vomiting side effects that occur are at worst uncomfortable, but pose no health risk. Escolar, a relative of oilfish, also has high concentrations of wax esters and is often similarly mislabeled.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Oceanic on continental slope and sea rises. Usually solitary or in pairs near the sea bottom. Feeds on a wide variety of fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. No special fisheries, but appears as by-catch in the tuna longline fishery, caught usually at depths from 200 to 400 m. The peculiar wooden 'palu' or @Ruvettus@ hook is used to catch this species in southcentral Pacific. The flesh is very oily, with purgative properties, if eaten much. Marketed fresh and in the form of fish cakes (Ref. 9302).
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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Diet
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Feeds on fish, crustaceans and squid
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Distribution
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Widely distributed in tropical and temperate seas of the world, as far north as the Gulf of Maine in the Canadian Atlantic.
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
nektonic
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Usually over the continental shelf, sometimes in oceanic waters down to 800 m. Usually solitary or in pairs near the bottom.
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Known from seamounts and knolls
Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
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