Anchovy

Belly with 5 to 7 small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, reaching to hind border of pre-operculum, the latter almost always convex, rounded. Pelvic fin tips only rarely reaching to below dorsal fin origin. Numerous black spots below level of eye and on tip of lower jaw, by which it is generally distinguished from other species; a dark patch behind occiput.

Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 18 - 20

A schooling species found in coastal waters, pelagic.

A pelagic, schooling species found in coastal waters. Caught mainly with seines (beach and purse), traps often using light, incidentally with bottom trawls. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted or made into fish meal, fish sauce fish balls and used as bait (Ref. 9822).

fisheries: commercial

Stolephorus bataviensis Hardenberg, 1933

USNM 217030, Fly 75–32, 2: 26.6–41.4 mm.

This species was kindly identified by T. Wongratana.

Thryssa scratchleyi (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1887)

USNM 217031, Fly 75–4, 3: 251–371 mm.

USNM 217032, Fly 75–5, 5: 246–285 mm.

USNM 217033, Fly 75–6, 3: 196–301 mm.

USNM 217034, Fly 75–18, 1: 208 mm.

USNM 217035, Fly 75–25, 4: 94.4–109 mm (1 to BMNH).

USNM 217036, Fly 75–30, 1:111 mm.

Five species of Thryssa were collected during the 1975 Fly survey, two of which are undescribed. In assigning these species to Thryssa Cuvier, 1829 (type-species Clupea setirostris Broussonet, 1782, by subsequest designation of Jordan, 1917; see Whitehead, 1967:140–141), I am following the advice of Whitehead and Wongratana (in litt.), who are currently engaged in revisionary studies of Engraulidae. Only T. scratchleyi and T. rastrosa are present in the Upper and Middle Fly.

Thryssa scratchleyi is of interest for its large size, being the largest member of the family Engraulidae, and because it may have a catadromous life history. Large adults are common in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Fly; the largest specimen known is 371 mm (Fly 75–4). Adults are piscivorous. Lower jaw relatively long, extending anteriorly almost to tip of snout, but maxillary bone not extending posteriorly beyond opercle. Diameter of eye 16.0–17.2. Gill rakers on anterior face of first gill arch 15–18 + 18–20 in specimens over 90 mm; 5–6 gill rakers on posterior face of third gill arch. Total anal fin rays 38–42. Scales in lateral series 43–44. Abdominal scutes 17–19 + 10–12. Tips of pelvic fins extending posteriorly beyond a vertical line through origin of dorsal fin. Free vertebral centra 43–46. Length of caudal peduncle 10.2–10.3. No humeral pigment blotch. No nuchal pigment blotch.

分布於印度-西太平洋區，西起印尼、馬來西亞，東至菲律賓，北至中國及台灣，南至澳洲等海域。台灣分布於澎湖海域。

全年皆產，澎湖沿海較多，是魩鱙漁業的重要漁獲物之一，多以焚寄網捕獲，新鮮時可清蒸，但大多曬乾後出售，炒花生、辣椒或煮湯。

體延長，側扁，紡錘型。頭中等大。吻圓鈍狀，吻長短於眼徑。眼中等大。口大，亞下位。上頜較下頜突出，其後端剛好延伸至鰓蓋後緣。上下頜、鋤骨、腭骨和舌上均具細齒。鰓蓋膜不與峽部相連。鰓耙細而密，下枝鰓耙19-25(通常為20-21)。體被薄圓鱗，易脫落；縱列鱗37-38，橫列鱗9-10；背鰭前中線鱗18-19；腹鰭前針狀稜鱗5-7。背鰭中等大，始於體中央稍前的上方，其前方無小刺，鰭條16-17；臀鰭始於背鰭基中央的下方，鰭條20-23。胸鰭側下位，末端不及腹鰭起點；腹鰭較短，位背鰭前下方；尾鰭叉型。體背部褐色，頭側淡白，沿體側中央有一條銀白色縱帶；眼下方、下頜前端及吻下部具有許多小黑點。尾鰭具黑緣，其餘各鰭無色。

近沿海表層魚類，濾食浮游生物為生，具群游性。多於表層至20公尺深之海域活動。

Stolephorus waitei, the spotty-face anchovy, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific.