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Biology

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Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) start their life as aquatic larvae or nymphs, passing through a series of developmental stages or 'stadia', undergoing several moults as they grow. This larval period can last anything between three months and ten years, depending upon the species. Before the final moult (emergence), metamorphosis occurs in which the larvae transform into the adult form. After emergence, adults undergo a pre-reproductive phase known as the maturation period, and this is when individuals normally develop their full adult colour (4). Emergence in the Amani flatwing is thought to occur in October and November, and the main reproductive season between December and April (3). Dragonflies and damselflies often exhibit fierce competition between males for access to reproductive females (4). Odonata usually feed on flying insects and are generalised, opportunistic feeders, often congregating around abundant prey sources such as swarms of termites or near beehives (4).
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Conservation

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The Eastern Arc forests of Tanzania contain many endangered species found nowhere else on Earth, but remain under serious threat from an encroaching human population and are in immediate need of conservation action (5). Fortunately, the stream around which the one remaining viable population lives is protected within a forest reserve in the East Usambara Conservation Area, and is therefore relatively safe from any immediate danger (3). Nevertheless, any changes to this stream could result in the extinction of the species, and it has been advocated that an extensive survey of the whole area is urgently needed to locate any further remaining populations (1).
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Description

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This damselfly belongs to the Megapodagrionidae family, commonly known as 'flatwings' due to their habit of spreading their wings out flat when resting (2). This species has a long, extremely slender abdomen, which is darkly coloured with a conspicuous white tip. The wings are distinctly narrower at their base than at their tip, and the males have a broad brown band close to the wing tips.
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Habitat

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Adults occur along clear, fast-running streams that are heavily shaded by closed canopy vegetation (3).
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Range

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Currently known only from the Amani Sigi Forest of the East Usambara Mountains (Eastern Arc Mountains), Tanzania (1). The population appears to be largely confined to a 500 m long stream in the Amani-Sigi Forest Reserve, although a single male has been observed outside of this reserve (1) (3).
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Status

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Classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List 2006 (1).
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Threats

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The Amani flatwing is now critically endangered due to destruction and degradation of its habitat (1). There has been almost complete destruction of low-altitude forest across East Africa, mainly for conversion to agricultural land (3), and the few remaining forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains where this species is found are under considerable pressure (5). While the main, viable subpopulation of Amani flatwings is relatively safe within the Amani-Sigi Forest Reserve, any other subpopulations within the vicinity are either already extinct or on the verge of extinction as a result of human encroachment, forest destruction and water pollution. Even the protected population leads a relatively precarious existence, containing fewer than an estimated 250 mature individuals (1).
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Amanipodagrion gilliesi ( Welsh )

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Mursen yn nheulu'r Megapodagrionidae yw'r Amanipodagrion gilliesi sydd o fewn y grŵp (neu'r 'genws') a elwir yn Amanipodagrion.

Fel llawer o fursennod (a elwir yn gyffredinol hefyd yn 'weision neidr') eu cynefin yw pyllau o ddŵr, llynnoedd, nentydd neu afonydd glân.

Gweler hefyd

Comin Wikimedia
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gyfryngau sy'n berthnasol i:


Cyfeiriadau

Dolen allanol

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Mursen yn nheulu'r Megapodagrionidae yw'r Amanipodagrion gilliesi sydd o fewn y grŵp (neu'r 'genws') a elwir yn Amanipodagrion.

Fel llawer o fursennod (a elwir yn gyffredinol hefyd yn 'weision neidr') eu cynefin yw pyllau o ddŵr, llynnoedd, nentydd neu afonydd glân.

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Amanipodagrion

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi is a species of damselfly. Its monotypic genus Amanipodagrion was formerly in the subfamily Argiolestinae of the flatwing damselfly family (Megapodagrionidae). As a result of molecular phylogenetic studies by Bybee et al. in 2021, it is now in its own family, Amanipodagrionidae.[2][3]

This species is commonly known as the Amani flatwing.[4] It has a slender dark-coloured abdomen with a white tip, and males have a dark wing band. This insect is endemic to a 500 m (1,600 ft) stretch of stream in the Amani-Sigi Forest Reserve in the eastern Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Because of its small area of occupation and the continuing destruction of the mountain forests in the area, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of the Amani flatwing as being "critically endangered".

Description

The Amani flatwing has a long, extremely slender abdomen, which is darkly coloured with a conspicuous white tip. Its wings are distinctly narrower at their base than at their tip, and the males have a broad brown band close to their wing tips.[4]

Range

It is endemic to the Amani Sigi Forest of the East Usambara Mountains from Tanzania. The Amani flatwing population appears to be largely confined to a 500 meter long stream in the Amani-Sigi Forest Reserve, although a single male has been found outside of this reserve.[1]

Habitat

Adult damselflies occur along clear, fast-running streams that are heavily shaded by closed canopy vegetation. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.[4]

Threats

Amanipodagrion gilliesi is now critically endangered due to destruction and degradation of its habitat. There has been almost a complete destruction of the low-altitude forest across East Africa, mainly for conversion to agricultural land. The few remaining forests of the East Usambara Mountains where the Amani flatwing is found are under considerable pressure.[4] The main, viable subpopulation of Amani flatwings is relatively safe within the Amani-Sigi Forest Reserve, any other subpopulations within the vicinity are either already extinct or maybe on the verge of extinction as a result of human encroachment, deforestation and water pollution. Also the protected population of Amani flatwings leads a relatively precarious existence, containing fewer than an estimated 250 mature individuals.[1]

Conservation

The stream around which the one remaining viable population lives is protected within the forest reserve in the East Usambara Conservation Area, and is therefore relatively safe from any danger.[4] Any changes to this stream could result in the extinction of Amanipodagrion gilliesi. It has been advocated that an extensive survey of the whole area is urgently needed to locate any further remaining populations. This species is very close to becoming extinct. Dragonflies and damselflies can't survive well in captivity.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Clausnitzer, V. (2010). "Amanipodagrion gilliesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T984A13100344. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T984A13100344.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ Seth M. Bybee et al. (2021) Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 160: 1-15
  3. ^ "World Odonata List". Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound. 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Amani flatwing – Amanipodagrion gilliesi". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2010-05-29. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
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Amanipodagrion: Brief Summary

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi is a species of damselfly. Its monotypic genus Amanipodagrion was formerly in the subfamily Argiolestinae of the flatwing damselfly family (Megapodagrionidae). As a result of molecular phylogenetic studies by Bybee et al. in 2021, it is now in its own family, Amanipodagrionidae.

This species is commonly known as the Amani flatwing. It has a slender dark-coloured abdomen with a white tip, and males have a dark wing band. This insect is endemic to a 500 m (1,600 ft) stretch of stream in the Amani-Sigi Forest Reserve in the eastern Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Because of its small area of occupation and the continuing destruction of the mountain forests in the area, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of the Amani flatwing as being "critically endangered".

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi ( French )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi est une espèce de libellules de la sous-famille des Argiolestinae, du genre monotypique Amanipodagrion selon le National Center for Biotechnology Information, endémique de la forêt d'Amani Sigi en Tanzanie. Elle fait partie de la liste des 100 espèces les plus menacées au monde établie par l'UICN en 2012.

Taxonomie

L'espèce est décrite pour la première fois par Elliot Pinhey en 1962 sur la base de quatre spécimens mâles collectés en 1959 et 1962.

Classification

Amanipodagrion gilliesi est l'espèce d'un des genres monotypiques de la famille des Megapodagrionidae, comme le sont Argiolestes sidonia du genre monotypique Argiolestes ou encore Austroargiolestes icteromelas du genre monotypique Austroargiolestes selon National Center for Biotechnology Information mais n'est pas enregistré comme un taxon valide par l'ITIS qui ne reconnait pas le genre monotypique Amanipodagrion au sein de la famille des Megapodagrionidae[1].

Description

Écologie

Répartition et habitat

 src=
Carte de répartition d'Amanipodagrion gilliesi dans la forêt d'Amani Sigi en Tanzanie.

Distribution

L'espèce occupe une petite zone des pentes orientales des monts Usambara dans la forêt d'Amani Sigi en Tanzanie dont la superficie s'élève à 10 km2 pour l'habitat-type et à 100 km2 pour l'aire de répartition globale où l'espèce pourrait être observée[2].

Habitat

Contrairement aux premières constatations, l'espèce ne fréquente pas les marais et l'habitat-type est constitué des abords des ruisseaux de la forêt tropicale humide entre 200 et 400 mètres d'altitude[2].

Amanipodagrion gilliesi et l’humain

Menaces

L'espèce est divisée en une population principale qui compte environ 250 individus matures et une sous-population d'environ 50 individus selon les dernières surveillances effectuées en 2002[2]. En raison du très faible nombre de spécimens, Amanipodagrion gilliesi est considérée comme en « danger critique d'extinction » depuis 2006 par l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN)[2] après qu'elle l'a classé régulièrement « en danger » depuis 1986 (1986, 1988, 1990, 1994 et 1996)[2]. Elle est placée dans la liste des 100 espèces les plus menacées dans le rapport Worthless or Priceless[note 1] présenté le 11 septembre 2012 par la Commission de sauvegarde des espèces (CSE) de l'UICN et la Zoological Society of London (ZSL) au cours du congrès mondial de la nature de l’UICN qui a eu lieu en Corée à Jéju.

Les menaces qui pèsent sur la survie de l'espèce ne sont pas connues avec certitude. Toutefois, les causes envisageables sont la pollution de l'eau et la destruction de la forêt qui ont déjà entraîné l'extinction ou la très forte diminution des populations de plusieurs espèces d'insectes locales[2].

Protection

Aucune mesure de protection spécifique n'a été prise. Toutefois, la forêt fait partie d'une réserve naturelle. La protection de l'espèce pourrait passer par la sensibilisation des populations locales et une meilleure études de son environnement[2] : habitat, localisation, recensement des spécimens, etc.

Notes et références

Notes

  1. Sans prix ou sans valeur, en français

Références

  1. (en) « Megapodagrionidae », sur ITIS (consulté le 13 octobre 2012)
  2. a b c d e f et g (en) « Amanipodagrion gilliesi », sur The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(tm) (consulté le 13 octobre 2012)
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Amanipodagrion gilliesi: Brief Summary ( French )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi est une espèce de libellules de la sous-famille des Argiolestinae, du genre monotypique Amanipodagrion selon le National Center for Biotechnology Information, endémique de la forêt d'Amani Sigi en Tanzanie. Elle fait partie de la liste des 100 espèces les plus menacées au monde établie par l'UICN en 2012.

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Insecten

Amanipodagrion gilliesi is een libellensoort uit de familie van de Megapodagrionidae (Vlakvleugeljuffers), onderorde juffers (Zygoptera).[2]

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als kritiek, beoordelingsjaar 2008.[1]

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1962 door Pinhey.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
29-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Amanipodagrion gilliesi ( Polish )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi – gatunek ważki z rodzaju Amanipodagrion należącego do rodziny Megapodagrionidae.

Przypisy

  1. Amanipodagrion gilliesi. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

Bibliografia

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi – gatunek ważki z rodzaju Amanipodagrion należącego do rodziny Megapodagrionidae.

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi ( Portuguese )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi é uma espécie de libelinha da família Megapodagrionidae.

É endémica de Tanzânia.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude e rios.[1]

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.[1]

Referências

  1. a b c (em inglês) Clausnitzer, V. 2005. gilliesi%20gilliesi Amanipodagrion gilliesi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Dados de 9 de Agosto de 2007.
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Amanipodagrion gilliesi: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi é uma espécie de libelinha da família Megapodagrionidae.

É endémica de Tanzânia.

Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude e rios.

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi ( Vietnamese )

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Commons-emblem-question book yellow.svg
Bài viết này có danh sách những nguồn tham khảo và/hoặc liên kết ngoài, nhưng nguồn gốc của thông tin trong bài vẫn chưa rõ ràng vì thiếu các chú thích trong hàng. Bạn hãy cải thiện bài này bằng cách thêm các chú thích vào những chỗ cần thiết. (December 2010)

Amanipodagrion gilliesi là một loài chuồn chuồn kim. Nó thuộc chi đơn loài Amanipodagrion trong phân họ Argiolestinae, họ Megapodagrionidae.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về chuồn chuồn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.


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Amanipodagrion gilliesi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Amanipodagrion gilliesi là một loài chuồn chuồn kim. Nó thuộc chi đơn loài Amanipodagrion trong phân họ Argiolestinae, họ Megapodagrionidae.

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