Hypsiboas semiguttatus Lutz 1925

Diagnosis A small to medium-sized species relative to other members of the Hypsiboas pulchellus group, diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) rounded snout in dorsal view, rounded to slightly truncated in profile; (2) disc of finger III smaller or equal to tympanum diameter; (3) supratympanic fold evident; (4) tarsal fold present, poorly developed; (5) males with hypertrophied forearm and prominent prepollex, modified as a curved spine; (6) dorsal coloration brown, without blotches or with three dark stripes, fragmented in some specimens at the level of the sacrum; (7) white labial stripe that extends beyond tympanum; (8) loreal stripe extending between the eye and tip of snout; (9) dorsolateral stripe from eyelid to inguinal region; (10) dark flanks with rounded or oval creamy or white blotches; (11) dorsal surface of tibiae immaculate or with series of up to five small rounded dark blotches on a lighter background; (12) thighs immaculate or with small white spots on a dark background; (13) bones green; (14) larvae with tooth row formula 2(2)/4(1); (15) reproduction in running waters, inside forested areas.

Occurs in the slopes of the Serra do Mar from the Município de Piraquara in State of Paraná (25°29Â?05"S, '48°59Â?02"W), through the Município de São Bento do Sul (26°15Â?01"S, 49°22Â?43"W), reaching Município de Rio dos Cedros (26°41Â?10"S, 49°20Â?00"W), both in the State of Santa Catarina, this last one being its southernmost record. The region is considered an area of contact between the Araucária forest and the Atlantic forest, at 800-1200 m above sea level

Adult morphology Based on 17 males and 5 females, including the holotype. A robust medium-sized frog; male snout-vent length 36.1-45.2 mm (mean = 40.6 ± 2.0); female snout-vent length 38.5-48.0 mm (mean = 43.1 ± 4.3); snout rounded in dorsal view; rounded to slightly truncated in profile; head slightly longer than wide; head width in males 31.2-34.4% of snout-vent length; in females 32.2- 35.0% of snout-vent length; canthus rostralis distinct, almost straight; loreal region concave; nostril protuberant, oval, directed laterally; nostrils closer to tip of snout than to each other (males nostril to tip of snout distance 55.6- 84.7% of internarial distance; females nostril to tip of snout distance 52.1-65.8% of internarial distance); nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes (males nostril to tip of snout distance 66.6-76.5% of eye to nostril distance; females nostril to tip of snout distance 63.1-81.5% of eye to nostril distance); eyes of moderate size, lateral, slightly directed anteriorly; pupil horizontal; tympanum distinct; tympanum diameter slightly smaller than half eye-diameter; supratympanic fold prominent, starting behind eyelid, sometimes covering posterodorsal margin of tympanum and finishing near arm insertion; males with single, median, and subgular vocal sac, expanded externally; vocal slits large in males, and localized laterally under tongue; tongue large, approximately 2/3 of floor of mouth, free and notched posteriorly (cordiform tongue); vomerine teeth in two distinct, transverse series between and behind choanae, each bearing 5-7 teeth (mean = 5.4 ± 0.8, n = 14, 7 individuals). Forearm of adult males hypertrophied (forearm breadth 46.2-57.7% forearm length in males; forearm breadth 27.5-37.5% forearm length in females); ulnar fold formed by small tubercles in external margin of forearm; hands large, slightly smaller than head length in males (hand length 89.8-102.3% head length) and smaller in females (hand length 80.7-95.2% head length); fingers long and robust, slightly fringed; discs of moderate size, disc on finger one smaller than others; relative finger length I , II , IV , III; hand webbed; prominent prepollex, finishing in a bony spine, acute and robust in males; fragile or poorly ossified in females; inner and outer metacarpal tubercles indistinct; subarticular tubercles single, protruding; large number of small supernumerary tubercles, barely distinct. Legs long and slender; thigh slightly longer than tibia (males thigh length 100.0-105.5% tibia length; females thigh length 96.3- 105.2% tibia length) and slightly longer than half of snout-vent length; tarsus longer than half thigh length (males tarsal length 54.6-61.7% thigh length; females tarsal length 54.8-58.1% thigh length); tarsal fold conspicuous, starting from internal metatarsal tubercle and ending in tibio-tarsal articulation; foot relatively small in both sexes, less than half snout-vent length (42.6-48.7% snout-vent length), with slender toes and well developed discs; relative toe length I , II , V , III , IV; foot webbed; inner metatarsal tubercle conspicuous, oval, visible from dorsal view; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; subarticular tubercles present, single; dorsal and lateral skin texture smooth; ventral skin texture finely granular. Coloration in life: Dorsal coloration light brown to beige, with two different patterns: one without dorsal stripes and small oval blotches on rear flanks (pattern seen in two of the available specimens); and other with three dark brown dorsal stripes, one vertebral, two lateral. Vertebral stripe commonly starts on snout, between nostrils and eyes, and extends backwards up to the sacral region. This stripe can be complete or fragmented into contiguous oval blotches. Lateral blotches start on the eyelid and reach the inguinal region; can be complete or fragmented into large contiguous oval blotches. In two specimens this pattern was not evident at first sight, but become evident under artificial light or in photographs. A glossy white dorsolateral stripe occurs from the eyelid to the inguinal region. Laterally, body is dark brown, similar in hue to dorsal blotches, with small round or oval white blotches that reach the inguinal region. In some specimens these blotches are elongate and fused, forming small stripes. Glossy white labial stripe, that extends from tip of the snout to the arm insertion, passing through the posterior margin of the tympanum. Dorsal surface of fore- and hind limbs with same background color as dorsum; occasionally with small round dark brown blotches. These are rare on thigh and tarsum, but occur frequently on the tibia, which can show up to five well defined small round blotches. Posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown, with small white spots closer to the cloacal region. Ventrally yellowish white, slightly darker in the gular and pectoral regions. In some specimens there are some small white blotches on the lateral margins of gular region. Bones green. Iris golden, lighter in upper half. Coloration in preservative: Dorsum brown or light beige with darker blotches as described above; venter yellowish white. Variation Individuals show variation in development of toe webbing, dorsal color pattern, and, mainly the females, in size. The dorsal coloration in life may be brown or beige, with or without dorsal stripes. Larval morphology Description is based on a tadpole in developmental Stage 35 (Gosner, 1960). Body elongate, corresponding to approximately 34% of total length, ovoid in dorsal and ventral views, slightly depressed anteriorly in profile, becoming gradually higher posteriorly. Body wider than deep (maximum body height 92% of maximum body width) and lower than tail (maximum body height 78% of maximum tail height); tail lanceolate; caudal musculature robust at tail- body junction, gradually tapering to pointed tip; dorsal fin slightly wider than ventral fin. Eyes large (eye diameter 13% of body length), dorsolateral, slightly directed anteriorly and upward; nostrils small, ovoid with medial internal projection, slightly closer to eyes than to tip of snout; spiracle sinistral, wide and long, directed posterodorsally. Spiracle distally free and visible in dorsal view, opening almost at middle of body; cloacal tube large at junction with body, opening dextrally; inner wall totally fused to lower fin. Oral disc anteroventral, relatively small, not visible in dorsal view; emarginated posterolaterally and circumscribed by marginal papillae except for rostral gap, representing 1/5 of disc width; submarginal papillae present laterally on posterior labium; small flaps with teeth on posterior labium; labial tooth row formula 2(2)/4(1), with P-4 shorter than other rows and sometimes fragmented; jaw sheaths finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath wide and pigmented only on free margin; posterior jaw sheath V-shaped and more heavily pigmented than anterior jaw sheath. In life, body yellowish brown with bronze iridescence; dorsum darker than venter, with small dark brown spots; venter transparent, marbled with black and gold pigments; caudal musculature lighter than body; fins yellowish and transparent, with small dark blotches irregularly distributed, mainly in the dorsal fin; iris bronze. In preservative, body light brown with small darker dots scattered on dorsum and flanks; venter translucent, intestine and branchial region visible by transparency; caudal musculature white with brown dots. Measurements of seven tadpoles in developmental Stage 35: mean (± SD), total length 47.5 (± 2.1); body length 16.3 (± 0.5); tail length 31.2 (± 1.8); maximum body height 8.7 (± 0.5); body height at the level of the eyes 6.7 (± 0.2); body height at the level of the nostrils 4.7 (± 0.6); maximum dorsal fin height 4.2 (± 0.2); maximum ventral fin height 3.1 (± 0.0); maximum caudal height 11.1 (± 0.1); tail muscle height at base 5.2 (± 0.2); tip of snout-spiracle distance 11.0 (± 0.6); tip of snout-dorsal fin distance 11.8 (± 0.5); eye diameter 2.1 (± 0.0); internarial distance 2.6 (± 0.1); interorbital distance 6.2 (± 0.5); eye-nostril distance 1.8 (± 0.1); maximum body length 9.4 (± 0.2); body width at the level of the eyes 8.5 (± 0.1); body width at the level of the nostrils 6.4 (± 0.1); oral disc width 3.7 (± 0.0).

ÁSIA TROPICAL

LC. Least Concern.