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Sphiggurus mexicanus is frugivorous and folivorous. Individuals feed on leaves of trees, particularly those of the genera Inga, Cecropia, Ficus, and Brosimum. However, much about the diet is unknown.
Plant Foods: leaves; fruit
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore )
Sphiggurus mexicanus is a common prey item for a wide variety of Mesoamerican predators. It likely causes plants to produce plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), as does Erethizon dorsatum (North American porcupines). Little is known about parasitology and immunology in this species, nor is much known about competitive pressures. While it is likely that it competes with other generalist canopy herbivores such as spider (Atelidae) and howler monkeys (Alouatta), until more is known about its diet, this remains speculative.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Sphiggurus mexicanus is commonly hunted by humans. Its meat is used for food, and its fat and skin are said to have medicinal value among indigenous peoples. The skin has cultural significance in traditional garb as well and is used in clothing and headdresses.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material; source of medicine or drug
Farmers and foresters report observing Sphiggurus mexicanus eating crop plants and the leaves and fruits of commercially managed trees. Coffee plantations have reported these porcupines eating coffee beans and they are widely managed as a pest under these conditions. However, the negative commercial effects of this species are significantly less than those of weather and other environmental effects.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
Sphiggurus mexicanus is common throughout its range and is considered a species of least concern by CITES (Appendix III) and the IUCN Red List (2008). This is likely due to a broad habitat requirements and protection of vast amounts of habitat within its range. This species was first listed in the IUCN Red List in 1996, and updated in 2008. The IUCN and other organizations show the population declining, though not severely enough for listing as a threatened or endangered species. However, due to a dearth of research focusing on this species, its status is in need of assessment. Some organizations, including the Los Tuxtlas Biological Reserve in Veracruz, Mexico, consider the species to be in decline and that more research is needed to assess its abundance. It is listed as one of 31 Mesoamerican endemic mammal species in the reserve, but is one of the most poorly studied.
The single largest threat to this species is habitat loss, though these animals do show some environmental plasticity and can adapt to minor habitat changes. One study found that 59% of mammal species in Mesoamerica (including S. mexicanus) respond negatively to habitat loss and manipulation for forestry practices.
The conservation status of this species is also dependent upon the taxonomic uncertainties described below (Other Comments). As the taxonomic relationships of the subspecies and regional populations of this species are better understood, it is likely that the conservation status of certain populations will change.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix iii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Mexican hairy dwarf porcupines are relatively silent, only vocalizing during mating periods. Screams, grunts, squeals, and moans have been reported during breeding. It is likely that scent plays a role in communication, though no research supports or refutes this. Coendou males have been recorded performing a behavior known as anal dragging, rubbing their posterior along the ground, likely to mark territories with scent, though no observations have been noted for this behavior in Sphiggurus.
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Taxonomic confusion regarding Sphiggurus mexicanus has led to a wide variety of synonyms, and this species has been placed in six different genera since its initial description in 1792. More recent research has limited the scope of the uncertainty to Coendou and Sphiggurus. The distinction between the two genera is currently poorly understood, and each is commonly referred to as one or the other in the literature. Numerous studies have found that there is some genetic evidence for the recognition of two genera, though research is ongoing.
It is thought that species chromosomal differences in Sphiggurus has evolved by Robertsonian chromosomal differentiation, while Coendou has not, leading to a high variety of chromosome number within Sphiggurus (range 42-72) not seen in Coendou.
Numerous synonyms have been proposed within the genus Sphiggurus for this species. Two previously described synonyms, S. liebmani and S. yucataniae, are now considered to be subspecies of S. mexicanus. Sphiggurus laenatus, once considered a separate species, then a subspecies, and later simply a local color morph, is a form endemic to Panama, and is now accepted as a distinct species. As new species are described, the status of S. mexicanus is likely to change. The IUCN currently lists ten species under the genus Sphiggurus and six under Coendou.
As a result of these taxonomic challenges, there is wide variability in the literature. For this account, all species names listed above (except S. laenatus), were considered synonymous.
The IUCN has a detailed map of the distribution of Sphiggurus mexicanus online at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/20629/rangemap
Sphiggurus mexicanus is a Mesoamerican endemic, found from central Mexico (Oaxaca and Yucatan) south to the Isthmus of Panama. Related species are found in South America (S. insidious, S. spinosus, S. villosus). Sphiggurus laenatus, formerly considered a subspecies of S. mexicanus, is sympatric in Panama. Due to taxonomic uncertainties, some studies have listed S. mexicanus or a synonym (Coendou mexicanus) as far south as Brazil and Ecuador.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
Sphiggurus mexicanus has traditionally been considered an exclusively arboreal species, relying on forest habitat for all aspects of its life cycle. There have been rare reports of these porcupines actively foraging far from trees. The IUCN suggests that Sphiggurus mexicanus has a broad elevational and geographical range. Habitat is listed as mixed-mountain forest and coniferous forest up to 3,200 m in elevation. This species is also seen at low elevations when sufficient forest habitat is available, and seems to favor dry lowland habitats on a seasonal basis. It is uncommon to rare in wet evergreen forests, but is locally common in most other forest habitats.
Range elevation: 0 to 3200 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest ; mountains
Females remain reproductively active for 11 to 12 years and animals have been recorded in captivity surviving for over 15 years. However, little is known about the lifespan of wild individuals.
Sphiggurus mexicanus is morphologically similar to all other species in the genus Sphiggurus. These are small to medium-sized arboreal porcupines, with movements generally slower than other rodents of similar size. The tail is prehensile and naked distally as an adaptation for better mobility in trees. The dorsal and lateral regions of the body are covered by long brown hair and yellowish hardened quills which are used for defense against predation. Electron microscopy has found that these are actually a unique modification of the cuticle, seen only in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae), Old World porcupines (Hystricidae), and tenrecs (Tenrecidae). These quills develop differently from quills seen in other spiny mammals such as hedgehogs (Erinaceidae) and echidnas (Tachyglossidae). Little sexual dimorphism is seen in this species and young are similar to adults. Body length is between 55 to 80 cm and mass between 1.5 and 2.5 kg.
Range mass: 1.5 to 2.5 kg.
Range length: 55 to 80 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Sphiggurus mexicanus is well-defended from predation, having quills and being primarily nocturnal. However, it has been recorded as a prey item of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and has been observed being preyed on by birds when exposed. Boa constrictors (Boa constrictor) feed on Sphiggurus species, though snakes have died from having apparent S. mexicanus quills lodged in or puncturing the lining of the gut, eventually causing starvation. Similar species (Coendou and Sphiggurus) have been recorded in the diet of many tropical forest felids and canids.
Sphiffurus mexicanus is also hunted extensively by humans in some parts of its range as a source of food and for medicinal purposes. Many animals are killed by traffic.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Little is known about the mating systems of Sphiggurus mexicanus. In other porcupines, females control mating by voluntary movement of posterior quills to permit copulation. Available research on S. mexicanus hints that this species is similar in reproductive behavior to Coendou species. Both sexes use a combination of screams, grunts, squeals, and moans to find mates, but are otherwise silent. Coendou females generally mate immediately post-partum. In Sphiggurus mexicanus, however, it is uncertain how mate selection occurs, though polygynandry is likely. Females likely breed regularly for the duration of their reproductive period.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Little is known about the reproductive behavior of Sphiggurus mexicanus. In Coendou species, females reach sexual maturity at approximately 19 months. Gestation is approximately 203 days, with litter sizes of generally a single offspring, and sometimes twins, indicating a high parental investment. Young weigh just 400 g at birth, are precocial, and are capable of climbing immediately. Quills are soft and pliable during birth but harden within 2 to 3 days after birth. Females remain reproductively active for 11 to 12 years. Similarly, Bahia hairy dwarf porcupines (Sphiggurus insidiosus) have 1 precocial young after a gestation period of about 200 days and the young become independent at 8 to 12 weeks after birth. Possible seasonal atrophy of organs has been hypothesized. One study examined the morphology of reproductive organs in road-killed females, finding evidence for atrophy of vaginal and ovarian blood supply in non-breeding females.
Breeding interval: Mexican hairy dwarf porcupines breed regularly throughout the year, following post-partum estrous.
Breeding season: Mexican hairy dwarf porcupines breed year round.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; post-partum estrous
Little is known about parental investment in Sphiggurus mexicanus. Young are precocial at birth, with high pre-birth maternal resource investment per young. Young are generally between 16 and 60% of maternal body weight. Mexican hairy dwarf porcupines are solitary and males do not help care for their young. In the related species, S. insidiosus, young can walk and climb shortly after birth and are independent at 8 to 12 weeks after birth.
Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
El puercuspín nanu peludo mexicanu o puercuspín mexicanu arborícola (Sphiggurus mexicanus) ye una especie de royedor histricomorfo de la familia Erethizontidae. Alcuéntrase en Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondures, Méxicu, Panamá, Nicaragua y posiblemente en Belize.
El puercuspín nanu peludo mexicanu o puercuspín mexicanu arborícola (Sphiggurus mexicanus) ye una especie de royedor histricomorfo de la familia Erethizontidae. Alcuéntrase en Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondures, Méxicu, Panamá, Nicaragua y posiblemente en Belize.
Der Mittelamerikanische Baumstachler (Coendou mexicanus) ist ein Säugetier in der Familie der Baumstachler (Erethizontidae).[1] Im Zusammenhang mit einer taxonomischen Revision der Baumstachler wurde die Art 2013 von der Gattung Südamerikanische Baumstachler (Sphiggurus) in die Gattung Greifstachler (Coendou) überführt.[2]
Die Art erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 32 bis 45,7 cm, eine Schwanzlänge von 20 bis 35,8 cm sowie ein Gewicht von 1,4 bis 2,6 kg. Die Oberseite ist mit Stacheln und mit Fell bedeckt. Eine Ausnahme bildet der Kopf auf dem nur Stacheln vorkommen. Die Stacheln sind überwiegend gelb mit einer schwarzen Spitze. Von der Schulter bis zum Hinterteil nimmt die Anzahl der Stacheln ab. Sie sind im hinteren Bereich meist unter den schwarzen Haaren verborgen. Auf der rosafarbenen Schnauze kommen neben den langen Vibrissen nur wenige kurze Haare vor. Der lange Greifschwanz ist an der Basis verdickt und wird zum Ende hin schmaler. In seinem proximalen Bereich gibt es neben weichen Haaren einige Stacheln. Wie bei allen Baumstachlern, jedoch im Gegensatz zu allen anderen Säugetieren mit Greifschwanz, liegt die nackte Stelle auf der Oberseite des Schwanzes.[3]
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Mittelamerikanischen Baumstachlers reicht vom Süden Mexikos bis nach Nordwest-Panama. Die Art lebt im Flachland und in Gebirgen bis 3200 Meter Höhe. Sie hält sich in verschiedenen Habitaten mit Bäumen auf, vermeidet jedoch dichte, immergrüne, feuchte Wälder.[4]
Der Mittelamerikanische Baumstachler ist nachtaktiv und klettert vorwiegend mit Hilfe des Greifschwanzes in Bäumen. Manchmal wandert er auf dem Boden. Als Ruheplätze dienen Baumhöhlen und das dichte Blattwerk. Die Art ernährt sich von Früchten, Samen, jungen Trieben und von jungen Blättern.[4] Bevorzugte Früchte stammen von Feigenbäumen, von Bäumen der Gattung Inga, von Ameisenbäumen sowie von Bäumen der Gattung Brosimum.[3]
Weibchen erlangen die Paarungsbereitschaft vermutlich unabhängig von der Jahreszeit.[5] In anderen Zeiten leben die erwachsenen Tiere getrennt. Während der Paarung haben die ansonsten stillen Männchen und Weibchen eine reiche Auswahl an Schrei-, Grunz- und Jammerlauten.[3] Ein Wurf besteht aus einem Jungtier.[4] Allgemein wird angenommen, dass die Art im Fortpflanzungsverhalten den anderen Baumstachlern gleicht.[5]
Weibchen, die in Gefangenschaft gehalten wurden, konnten sich über einen Zeitraum von 11 bis 12 Jahren fortpflanzen. Einige erreichten ein Alter von mehr als 15 Jahren.[5]
Der Mittelamerikanische Baumstachler wird im ganzen Verbreitungsgebiet gejagt. Das Fleisch dient als Nahrung und anderen Körperteilen wird in der Medizinkunde der indigenen Völker eine heilende Wirkung zugeschrieben. Die Haut und Stacheln kommen verarbeitet als Kleidung und Schmuck vor. Einige Individuen fallen dem Verkehr zum Opfer.[5]
Für den Gesamtbestand sind diese Aspekte nicht von Bedeutung. Die IUCN listet die Art als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern).[4]
Der Mittelamerikanische Baumstachler (Coendou mexicanus) ist ein Säugetier in der Familie der Baumstachler (Erethizontidae). Im Zusammenhang mit einer taxonomischen Revision der Baumstachler wurde die Art 2013 von der Gattung Südamerikanische Baumstachler (Sphiggurus) in die Gattung Greifstachler (Coendou) überführt.
The Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine or Mexican tree porcupine (Coendou mexicanus) is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae.[2] It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Mexico, Nicaragua and Belize.[3]
This species was formerly sometimes assigned to Sphiggurus,[2] a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic.[4] Its closest relatives are the Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) and the stump-tailed porcupine (Coendou rufescens).[4]
This porcupine has a pale head and a dark-coloured body. The head-and-body length ranges between about 320 and 457 mm (12.6 and 18.0 in), with a tail ranging from 200 to 358 mm (8 to 14 in). The maximum weight is about 2.6 kg (6 lb). This porcupine is covered with short yellowish spines but these are almost entirely obscured by the long black hair on the body.[5] Sometimes the spines on the shoulders and back are visible projecting through the hairs. By contrast, the head is hairless, revealing the yellowish spines. The snout is pink, broad and bulbous, and the eyes are small. The tail is prehensile, spiny and broad at the base, tapering to a point. This porcupine differs from Rothschild's porcupine (Coendou rothschildi) in that Rothschild's is more obviously spiny and lacks the hairy coat.[5]
An arboreal species, it uses its prehensile tail to hold onto branches.[5] It is nocturnal and is usually more active on dark nights. The day is spent in a hollow tree, concealed on a leafy branch, or in highland areas, in a clump of bamboos. As it uses the same hiding place each day, a pile of droppings accumulates which produces a strong odour. The diet consists of buds, young leaves, fruits and seeds. It particularly favours fruiting trees such as Inga, Cecropia, Ficus and Brosimum. Individuals normally live alone and are silent, but in the breeding season it is more vocal, emitting screams and yowls. The female usually bears a single offspring.[5]
The Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine or Mexican tree porcupine (Coendou mexicanus) is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Mexico, Nicaragua and Belize.
This species was formerly sometimes assigned to Sphiggurus, a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to be polyphyletic. Its closest relatives are the Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) and the stump-tailed porcupine (Coendou rufescens).
El puercoespín enano peludo mexicano o puercoespín mexicano arborícola (Sphiggurus mexicanus), también conocido con el sinónimo de Coendou mexicanus y con el nombre común de puercoespín tropical [1], es una especie de roedor histricomorfo de la familia Erethizontidae (puercoespines del Nuevo Mundo, [1]). Se encuentra en Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, Nicaragua y posiblemente en Belice. La plataforma Naturalista cuenta con varias observaciones para Centroamérica, incluyendo a este último país.[1]
El puercoespín tropical es de tamaño mediano, cabeza gruesa con orejas pequeñas y hocico corto y bulboso color rosa. Ojos rojos pequeños y brillantes. Cuerpo rechoncho con extremidades cortas y larga cola prensil. La coloración del cuerpo va de café a negro, contrastando con lo claro de la cabeza; su parte ventral es grisácea. Posee pelo largo y negro, permitiéndole ocultar sus espinas (a excepción de la cabeza donde carece de pelo). En México se distribuye en ambas planicies costeras (preferentemente en tierras bajas), desde Guerrero por el lado del Pacífico y San Luis Potosí por el lado del Golfo de México, descendiendo por la costa hasta juntarse en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas y la Península de Yucatán. La plataforma Naturalista registra también algunas observaciones en Guanajuato. Continúa en Centroamérica hasta llegar al oeste de Panamá. [1]
Vive en gran variedad de hábitats incluyendo ambientes secundarios en altitudes intermedias y altas; a bajas altitudes usualmente sólo se encuentra en bosque tropical subcaducifolio y tropical caducifolio. Habita climas cálidos húmedos y se distribuye desde el nivel del mar hasta los 3,200 msnm. Prefiere ambientes con dosel cerrado. En México, la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 lo considera como una especie Amenazada; la UICN 2019-1 como de Preocupación menor. Al momento no existen medidas o programas de conservación para la especie. Los principales riesgo que la amenazan son la destrucción de bosques tropicales y templados por incendios forestales y el cambio de uso de suelo por actividades agrícolas y pecuarias (ganadería extensiva). La especie es cazada ocasionalmente por los daños que causa a platanares y por ser fuente de alimento. [1]
Enlaces externos
Datos: Q1768327
Multimedia:
Especies: Sphiggurus mexicanus
El puercoespín enano peludo mexicano o puercoespín mexicano arborícola (Sphiggurus mexicanus), también conocido con el sinónimo de Coendou mexicanus y con el nombre común de puercoespín tropical , es una especie de roedor histricomorfo de la familia Erethizontidae (puercoespines del Nuevo Mundo, ). Se encuentra en Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, Nicaragua y posiblemente en Belice. La plataforma Naturalista cuenta con varias observaciones para Centroamérica, incluyendo a este último país.
El puercoespín tropical es de tamaño mediano, cabeza gruesa con orejas pequeñas y hocico corto y bulboso color rosa. Ojos rojos pequeños y brillantes. Cuerpo rechoncho con extremidades cortas y larga cola prensil. La coloración del cuerpo va de café a negro, contrastando con lo claro de la cabeza; su parte ventral es grisácea. Posee pelo largo y negro, permitiéndole ocultar sus espinas (a excepción de la cabeza donde carece de pelo). En México se distribuye en ambas planicies costeras (preferentemente en tierras bajas), desde Guerrero por el lado del Pacífico y San Luis Potosí por el lado del Golfo de México, descendiendo por la costa hasta juntarse en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas y la Península de Yucatán. La plataforma Naturalista registra también algunas observaciones en Guanajuato. Continúa en Centroamérica hasta llegar al oeste de Panamá.
Vive en gran variedad de hábitats incluyendo ambientes secundarios en altitudes intermedias y altas; a bajas altitudes usualmente sólo se encuentra en bosque tropical subcaducifolio y tropical caducifolio. Habita climas cálidos húmedos y se distribuye desde el nivel del mar hasta los 3,200 msnm. Prefiere ambientes con dosel cerrado. En México, la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 lo considera como una especie Amenazada; la UICN 2019-1 como de Preocupación menor. Al momento no existen medidas o programas de conservación para la especie. Los principales riesgo que la amenazan son la destrucción de bosques tropicales y templados por incendios forestales y el cambio de uso de suelo por actividades agrícolas y pecuarias (ganadería extensiva). La especie es cazada ocasionalmente por los daños que causa a platanares y por ser fuente de alimento.
Sphiggurus mexicanus Sphiggurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Erethizontinae azpifamilia eta Erethizontidae familian sailkatuta dago. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexiko, Panama eta ziurrenik Belize eta Nikaraguan bizi da.
Sphiggurus mexicanus Sphiggurus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Erethizontinae azpifamilia eta Erethizontidae familian sailkatuta dago. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexiko, Panama eta ziurrenik Belize eta Nikaraguan bizi da.
Sphiggurus mexicanus
Le Porc-épic préhensile mexicain ou Porc-épic d’arbre mexicain[réf. nécessaire] (Sphiggurus mexicanus) est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Erethizontidae[1]. On rencontre ce porc-épic en Amérique centrale (Costa Rica, Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexique, Panama et, probablement, Belize et Nicaragua).
Ce sont des animaux terrestres nocturnes et arboricoles à queue préhensile qui fréquentent des forêts variées où il dorment durant le jour dans les arbres, mais dont il leur arrive de descendre à la nuit tombée. Cet animal est végétarien et se nourrit de fruits, feuilles, graines, etc. La femelle ne donne naissance qu'à un seul petit[2].
Les populations de cet animal sont en déclin[2].
Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1792 par le naturaliste britannique Robert Kerr (1755-1813).
Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (3 mars 2014)[3] :
Sphiggurus mexicanus
Le Porc-épic préhensile mexicain ou Porc-épic d’arbre mexicain[réf. nécessaire] (Sphiggurus mexicanus) est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Erethizontidae. On rencontre ce porc-épic en Amérique centrale (Costa Rica, Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexique, Panama et, probablement, Belize et Nicaragua).
Sphiggurus mexicanus é uma espécie de roedor da família Erethizontidae. Pode ser encontrada no México, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicarágua, Costa Rica e Panamá.
Sphiggurus mexicanus é uma espécie de roedor da família Erethizontidae. Pode ser encontrada no México, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicarágua, Costa Rica e Panamá.
Sphiggurus mexicanus[2] är en gnagare. Arten beskrevs först av Kerr 1792. Sphiggurus mexicanus ingår i släktet Sphiggurus och familjen trädpiggsvin.[3][4] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Det svenska trivialnamnet mexikanskt gripsvanspiggsvin förekommer för arten.[5] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[3] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.[2]
Arten når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 32 till 45,7 cm, en svanslängd av 20 till 36 cm och en vikt av 1,4 till 2,6 kg. På ovansidan förekommer en blandning av taggar och päls förutom på huvudet som bara är täckt av taggar. Taggarna har en gul färg och svarta spetsar. De mjuka håren som bildar pälsen på ovansidan är svartaktiga. Längre bak finns färre taggar och de är ofta gömda i pälsen. Den rosa nosen liknar en stor knöl och den är bara glest täckt med hår. Svansen är bred nära roten och den blir smalare fram till spetsen. Den har några borstiga hår eller taggar vid den tjocka delen.[6]
Detta trädpiggsvin förekommer i Centralamerika från södra Mexiko till nordvästra Panama. Arten lever i olika habitat med träd men den undviker fuktiga städsegröna skogar.[1]
Individerna är aktiva på natten och de klättrar främst i växtligheten. Ibland kommer de ner till marken. Svansen kan användas som gripverktyg. Arten vilar i trädens håligheter och i täta bladansamlingar. Födan utgörs av frukter, frön, unga växtskott och unga blad. Per kull föds en unge.[1]
Ibland används områden med bambu på marken som gömställe. Bon på träd existerar en längre tid och där bildas ofta högar av matrester på marken som är illaluktande. Frukter som äts är vanligen fikon, från släktet Inga, från släktet Cecropia eller från släktet Brosimum.[6]
Utanför parningstiden lever varje individ ensam. Under parningsleken kan arten vara ganska högljudd. Ungarnas läten påminner och tamkattens jamande.[6]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Sphiggurus mexicanus.
Wikispecies har information om Sphiggurus mexicanus.
Sphiggurus mexicanus är en gnagare. Arten beskrevs först av Kerr 1792. Sphiggurus mexicanus ingår i släktet Sphiggurus och familjen trädpiggsvin. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Det svenska trivialnamnet mexikanskt gripsvanspiggsvin förekommer för arten. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.
Вид може знаходитись від низин до висоти 3200 м над рівнем моря у різноманітних місцях проживання (в тому числі порушених людиною або вторинних лісах), але у вологих вічнозелених лісах рідкісний. Зустрічається в наступних країнах: Беліз, Коста-Рика, Сальвадор, Гватемала, Гондурас, Мексика, Нікарагуа, Панама.
Довжина голови й тіла: 320—457 мм, хвоста: 200—358 мм, вага: 1,4—2,6 кг. Має чорне тіло, яке контрастує з блідим забарвленням голови. Довге чорне хутро приховує жовтуваті колючки скрізь, крім голови. Колючки жовтуваті з чорними кінчиками. Ніс великий рожево-бузковий, бульбоподібний. Очі швидше малі. Блиск очей яскравий червонуватий. Хвіст чіпкий, товстий і вкритий голками в основі, але швидко звужується.
Вид нічний і найбільша активність властива йому в темні ночі. Цей дикобраз веде деревний спосіб життя; спускається на землю, щоб перетнути дороги і просіки. Його чіпкий хвіст зазвичай обмотаний навколо гілок. У високогірних місцевостях іноді влаштовує гнізда у бамбукових гущавинах. Зазвичай самітницький і мовчазний, лише під час шлюбного сезону подає гучне виття і крики. Протягом дня спить у порожнинах дерев або прикритих листям гілках. Харчується насінням, плодами, бруньками, і молодим листям, особливо рослини родів Inga, Cecropia, Ficus і Brosimum. Самки як правило народжують одне дитинча.
У деяких районах на нього полюють і він часто помирає під колесами автомобілів. Проживає на кількох природоохоронних територіях.
Sphiggurus mexicanus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Erethizontidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Kerr mô tả năm 1792.[2]
Bài viết về một loài thuộc bộ Gặm nhấm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Sphiggurus mexicanus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Erethizontidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Kerr mô tả năm 1792.
墨西哥樹豪豬（Sphiggurus mexicanus）是一種新大陸豪豬。牠們分佈在哥斯達黎加、薩爾瓦多、瓜地馬拉、洪都拉斯、墨西哥及巴拿馬，並可能在伯利茲及尼加拉瓜出沒。
멕시코털난쟁이호저(Coendou mexicanus)는 아메리카호저과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 코스타리카와 엘살바도르, 과테말라, 온두라스, 파나마, 멕시코, 니카라과 그리고 벨리즈에서 발견된다.[3] 이전에는 난쟁이호저속(Sphiggurus)으로 분류하기도 했지만,[2] 유전학 연구를 통해 다계통군으로 밝혀짐에 따라 난쟁이호저속은 더이상 인정되지 않고 있다.[4] 근연종은 안데스호저(Coendou quichua)와 아마존호저(Coendou rufescens)이다.[4]
머리는 연한 색이고, 몸은 진한 색을 띤다. 머리부터 몸까지 길이는 약 320-457mm이고, 꼬리 길이는 200-358mm이다. 최대 몸무게는 약 2.6kg이다. 짧은 노란 가시로 덮여 있지만, 검은색의 긴 털이 몸을 거의 완전하게 가리고 있다.[5] 어깨에도 가시가 나기도 하며, 털을 사이로 등이 보인다. 반면에 머리에는 털이 없어서 노란 가시가 드러나 보이며, 주둥이는 넓고 둥글게 볼록하며 핑크색을 띠고, 눈은 작다. 꼬리는 쥐는 힘을 갖고 있고 가시로 덮여 있으며, 몸 쪽은 넓고 끝 쪽으로 갈수록 가늘다. 멕시코털난쟁이호저는 로트실트호저와 차이가 있으며, 로트실트호저는 가시 더 분명하고 몸에 털이 없다.[5]
멕시코털난쟁이호저(Coendou mexicanus)는 아메리카호저과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 코스타리카와 엘살바도르, 과테말라, 온두라스, 파나마, 멕시코, 니카라과 그리고 벨리즈에서 발견된다. 이전에는 난쟁이호저속(Sphiggurus)으로 분류하기도 했지만, 유전학 연구를 통해 다계통군으로 밝혀짐에 따라 난쟁이호저속은 더이상 인정되지 않고 있다. 근연종은 안데스호저(Coendou quichua)와 아마존호저(Coendou rufescens)이다.
