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Green Frog or Spring Frog. Rara Clamata
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Bangon Kongim, Chirasak Sutcharit, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 5.Shell morphology of Pollicaria spp. A–C Pollicaria elephas A lectotype of Pollicaria elephas (MNHN 21309) B lectotype of Hybocystis jousseaumei Morgan, 1885 (MNHN 21308), and C specimen from Gunung Kenting, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia (CUMZ 1536) D, E Pollicaria rochebruni D lectotype (MNHN 21305), and E specimen from Phuong Nga National Park, Vietnam (CUMZ 1568) F, G Pollicaria crossei, F lectotype (MNHN 21304), and G specimen from Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam (CUMZ 1588).
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Thor-Seng Liew, Jaap Jan Vermeulen, Mohammad Effendi bin Marzuki, Menno Schilthuizen
Zookeys
Figures 17.Photographs of 17 living Plectostoma species. A Plectostoma salpidomon (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5569 B Plectostoma umbilicatum (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5503 C Plectostoma palinhelix (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5520 D Plectostoma kakiense (Tomlin, 1948), BOR 5516 E Plectostoma mengaburensis sp. n., BOR 5574 F Plectostoma kubuensis sp. n., BOR 5518 G Plectostoma whitteni sp. n., BOR 5536 H Plectostoma senex (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5631 I Plectostoma crassipupa (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5515 J Plectostoma ikanensis sp. n. Form BOR 5507, BOR 5507 K Plectostoma ikanensis sp. n. Form BOR 5504, BOR 5504 L Plectostoma sinyumensis (Maassen, 2001), BOR 5537 M Plectostoma crassipupa (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5512 N Plectostoma siphonostomum (van Benthem Jutting, 1952), BOR 5557 O Plectostoma laidlawi (Sykes, 1902) Form BOR 5510, BOR 5510 P Plectostoma relauensis sp. n., BOR 5511 Q Plectostoma christae (Maassen, 2001), BOR 5505 R Plectostoma retrovertens (Tomlin, 1938), BOR 5559 S Plectostoma tohchinyawi sp. n., BOR 5533.
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Nattawadee Nantarat, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd, Jonathan Ablett, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 5.Types of Cyclophorus species. A Cyclophorus cochranei Godwin-Austen, 1889 lectotype NHMUK 1889.12.7.5 B, C Cyclophorus consociatus Smith, 1893 B lectotype NHMUK 1893.2.26.8, and C paralectotype NHMUK 1893.2.26.9-10 D Cyclophorus crassalabella Godwin-Austen, 1888 lectotype NHMUK 1911.6.10.8.
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Figure 1.A Cyclotus taivanus H. Adams, 1870, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.9/1 B Platyrhaphe minutus (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.6/1 C Platyrhaphe swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.7/10 D Ptychopoma wilsoni (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040584/1 E Chamalycaeus hungerfordianus (Nevill, 1881), possible syntype NHMUK 1891.3.17.790 F Dioryx swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.8/1 G Pupinella swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.15/1 H Pupinella swinhoei syn. Pupinopsis morrisonia H. Adams, 1872, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.16/1 I Euphaedusa sheridani (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040589/1 J Hemiphaedusa exilis (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.4/1 K Hemiphaedusa similaris (H. Adams, 1867), lectotype NHMUK 1878.1.28.10/1. Scale bars = 5 mm, unless otherwise specified above the bar.
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B Rowson, B. H. Warren, C. F. Ngereza
Zookeys
Figures 13–24.Cyclophoridae from Pemba. 13–15 Cyathopoma azaniense 16–18 Cyathopoma pembense sp. n., live-collected holotype 19–21 Cyathopoma pembense sp. n., paratype (live-collected specimen with periostracal fringe) 22–24 Cyathopoma pembense, sp. n., paratype, dead-collected specimen without periostracum.
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Bangon Kongim, Chirasak Sutcharit, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 6.Radular morphology of Pollicaria spp. A Pollicaria myersii from Pahom, Vang Vieng, Laos (CUMZ 1572) B Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti from Tam Wungdang, Phitsanulok (CUMZ 1533) C Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma ssp. n. from the type locality (paratype CUMZ 1548) D Pollicaria elephas from Gunung Kenting, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia (CUMZ 1536) E Pollicaria rochebruni from Phuong Nga National Park, Vietnam (CUMZ 1568) F Pollicaria crossei from Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam (CUMZ 1588). Numbers indicated order of lateral and marginal teeth. Central tooth indicated by ‘C’.
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Thor-Seng Liew, Jaap Jan Vermeulen, Mohammad Effendi bin Marzuki, Menno Schilthuizen
Zookeys
Figures 10.Aperture and peristome forms. A outer and inner peristome B Simple aperture without outer peristome C aperture with double peristomes in which the outer peristome is prominent D aperture with double peristomes in which the outer peristome is equally prominent as the inner.
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Nattawadee Nantarat, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd, Jonathan Ablett, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 8.Types of Cyclophorus species. A, B Cyclophorus fulguratus (Pfeiffer, 1854) A lectotype NHMUK 20130117/1, and B paralectotype NHMUK 20130117/2-3 C Cyclophorus fultoni Godwin-Austen & Beddome, 1894, lectotype NHMUK 1894.6.20.1.
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Figure 1.A Cyclotus taivanus H. Adams, 1870, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.9/1 B Platyrhaphe minutus (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.6/1 C Platyrhaphe swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.7/10 D Ptychopoma wilsoni (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040584/1 E Chamalycaeus hungerfordianus (Nevill, 1881), possible syntype NHMUK 1891.3.17.790 F Dioryx swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.8/1 G Pupinella swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.15/1 H Pupinella swinhoei syn. Pupinopsis morrisonia H. Adams, 1872, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.16/1 I Euphaedusa sheridani (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040589/1 J Hemiphaedusa exilis (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.4/1 K Hemiphaedusa similaris (H. Adams, 1867), lectotype NHMUK 1878.1.28.10/1. Scale bars = 5 mm, unless otherwise specified above the bar.
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B Rowson, B. H. Warren, C. F. Ngereza
Zookeys
Figures 25–32.Cyclophoridae and Stylommatophora from Pemba. 25 Cyathopoma pembense sp. n., paratype, periostracal hairs and protoconch of 26 Cyathopoma pembense sp. n., protoconch of paratype with periostracal fringe 27 Cyathopoma pembense sp. n., paratype, periostracal fringe 28 Rhachistia braunsi 29 Gittenedouardia conulina 30 Curvella subvirescens 31 Striosubulina striatella 32 Pseudopeas igembiense.
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Bangon Kongim, Chirasak Sutcharit, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 4.Shell morphology of Pollicaria spp. A–E Pollicaria gravida A lectotype UMZC I.102935.A B paralectotype UMZC I.102935.B-E C syntype of Otopoma blennus Benson, 1856 UMZC I.102930.A and D, E specimens from Farm Caves, Moulmein, Burma (NHMUK 88.124.863.4–5; specimen with ‘x’ was figured in Gude (1921), fig. 29) F, G Pollicaria myersii F form Siam (NHMUK 20090242; specimen figured in Pfeiffer, 1856a, pl. 19, figs 1, 2), and G specimen from Pahom, Vang Vieng, Laos (CUMZ 1572) H, I Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti H lectotype (NHMUK 20130071/1), and I specimen from Tam Wungdang, Phitsanulok (CUMZ 1533) J, K Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma ssp. n. from the type locality, J holotype CUMZ 1577, and K paratype CUMZ 1548.
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Thor-Seng Liew, Jaap Jan Vermeulen, Mohammad Effendi bin Marzuki, Menno Schilthuizen
Zookeys
Figures 9.Positioning scheme for the description of aperture and peristomes. A anterior, posterior, right and left lateral sides of aperture and peristome are defined according to the orientation of the shell relative to the active animal B Three shell examples showing the defined positions of aperture and peristome. Red arrows point to the aperture area with the densest ribs.
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Nattawadee Nantarat, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd, Jonathan Ablett, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 2.Types of Cyclophorus species. A, B Cyclophorus aborensis Godwin-Austen, 1915 A lectotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.3051 and B paralectotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.3048 C Cyclophorus affinis Theobald, 1858, lectotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.1454.
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Figure 1.A Cyclotus taivanus H. Adams, 1870, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.9/1 B Platyrhaphe minutus (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.6/1 C Platyrhaphe swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.7/10 D Ptychopoma wilsoni (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040584/1 E Chamalycaeus hungerfordianus (Nevill, 1881), possible syntype NHMUK 1891.3.17.790 F Dioryx swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.8/1 G Pupinella swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.15/1 H Pupinella swinhoei syn. Pupinopsis morrisonia H. Adams, 1872, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.16/1 I Euphaedusa sheridani (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040589/1 J Hemiphaedusa exilis (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.4/1 K Hemiphaedusa similaris (H. Adams, 1867), lectotype NHMUK 1878.1.28.10/1. Scale bars = 5 mm, unless otherwise specified above the bar.
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Bangon Kongim, Chirasak Sutcharit, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 2.Living snails. A Pollicaria myersii from Pahom, Vang Vieng, Laos (CUMZ 1572; shell height about 40 mm) B Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti from Tam Wungdang, Phitsanulok (CUMZ 1533; shell height about 35 mm) C Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma ssp. n. from the type locality (paratype CUMZ 1548; shell height about 30 mm) D Pollicaria elephas from Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia (CUMZ 1536; shell height about 45 mm).
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Thor-Seng Liew, Jaap Jan Vermeulen, Mohammad Effendi bin Marzuki, Menno Schilthuizen
Zookeys
Figures 12.Spiral lines on the shell surface are shown in, from top to bottom, 100 × magnification under the dissecting microscope, 500 × and 2000 × magnification under scanning electron microscope. A shell with both thick and thin spiral lines B shell with only thin spiral lines. Each corresponding image in A and B is at the same scale.
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Nattawadee Nantarat, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd, Jonathan Ablett, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 10.Types of Cyclophorus species. A, B Cyclophorus haughtoni Theobald, 1858 A lectotype NHMUK 1888.12.4.1953, and B paralectotypes NHMUK 1888.12.4.1954 C Cyclophorus himalayanus (Pfeiffer, 1853), lectotype NHMUK 20130118.
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Figure 1.A Cyclotus taivanus H. Adams, 1870, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.9/1 B Platyrhaphe minutus (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.6/1 C Platyrhaphe swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.7/10 D Ptychopoma wilsoni (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040584/1 E Chamalycaeus hungerfordianus (Nevill, 1881), possible syntype NHMUK 1891.3.17.790 F Dioryx swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.8/1 G Pupinella swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.15/1 H Pupinella swinhoei syn. Pupinopsis morrisonia H. Adams, 1872, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.16/1 I Euphaedusa sheridani (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040589/1 J Hemiphaedusa exilis (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.4/1 K Hemiphaedusa similaris (H. Adams, 1867), lectotype NHMUK 1878.1.28.10/1. Scale bars = 5 mm, unless otherwise specified above the bar.
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Bangon Kongim, Chirasak Sutcharit, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 4.Shell morphology of Pollicaria spp. A–E Pollicaria gravida A lectotype UMZC I.102935.A B paralectotype UMZC I.102935.B-E C syntype of Otopoma blennus Benson, 1856 UMZC I.102930.A and D, E specimens from Farm Caves, Moulmein, Burma (NHMUK 88.124.863.4–5; specimen with ‘x’ was figured in Gude (1921), fig. 29) F, G Pollicaria myersii F form Siam (NHMUK 20090242; specimen figured in Pfeiffer, 1856a, pl. 19, figs 1, 2), and G specimen from Pahom, Vang Vieng, Laos (CUMZ 1572) H, I Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti H lectotype (NHMUK 20130071/1), and I specimen from Tam Wungdang, Phitsanulok (CUMZ 1533) J, K Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma ssp. n. from the type locality, J holotype CUMZ 1577, and K paratype CUMZ 1548.
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Thor-Seng Liew, Jaap Jan Vermeulen, Mohammad Effendi bin Marzuki, Menno Schilthuizen
Zookeys
Figures 13.Radial ribs. A measurement of number of ribs per mm at the whorl above the constriction in left lateral view B rib intensity, from left to right: thick ribs, thin ribs, and abraded ribs C three different rib shapes, from left to right: single-humped, slightly curved and straight.
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Nattawadee Nantarat, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd, Jonathan Ablett, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 12.Types of Cyclophorus species. A, B Cyclophorus koboensis Godwin-Austen, 1915 A lectotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.3579/1, and B paralectotype NHMUK 1903.7.1.3579/2-4 C Cyclophorus labiosus (Pfeiffer, 1854), lectotype NHMUK 20130080 D, E Cyclophorus linguiferus (Sowerby I, 1843) D lectotype NHMUK 20110269/1, and E paralectotype NHMUK 20110269/2-3 F, G Cyclophorus lingulatus (Sowerby I, 1843) F lectotype NHMUK 20110272/1, and G paralectotype NHMUK 20110272/2-3.
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Figure 1.A Cyclotus taivanus H. Adams, 1870, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.9/1 B Platyrhaphe minutus (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.6/1 C Platyrhaphe swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.7/10 D Ptychopoma wilsoni (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040584/1 E Chamalycaeus hungerfordianus (Nevill, 1881), possible syntype NHMUK 1891.3.17.790 F Dioryx swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.8/1 G Pupinella swinhoei (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.15/1 H Pupinella swinhoei syn. Pupinopsis morrisonia H. Adams, 1872, lectotype NHMUK 1871.1.20.16/1 I Euphaedusa sheridani (Pfeiffer, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 20040589/1 J Hemiphaedusa exilis (H. Adams, 1866), lectotype NHMUK 1866.5.9.4/1 K Hemiphaedusa similaris (H. Adams, 1867), lectotype NHMUK 1878.1.28.10/1. Scale bars = 5 mm, unless otherwise specified above the bar.
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Bangon Kongim, Chirasak Sutcharit, Fred Naggs, Somsak Panha
Zookeys
Figure 6.Radular morphology of Pollicaria spp. A Pollicaria myersii from Pahom, Vang Vieng, Laos (CUMZ 1572) B Pollicaria mouhoti mouhoti from Tam Wungdang, Phitsanulok (CUMZ 1533) C Pollicaria mouhoti monochroma ssp. n. from the type locality (paratype CUMZ 1548) D Pollicaria elephas from Gunung Kenting, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia (CUMZ 1536) E Pollicaria rochebruni from Phuong Nga National Park, Vietnam (CUMZ 1568) F Pollicaria crossei from Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam (CUMZ 1588). Numbers indicated order of lateral and marginal teeth. Central tooth indicated by ‘C’.