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Description

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Color en vivo: Ver Barrio (1996). Una fototomada de un mismo ejemplar muestra unas tonalidades en vivo mucho mas intensas que en preservative. Se distingue el dorso y las partes superioresde la cabeza y anterior de la cola de un color marron anaranjado (especialmente en la cola), siendo los flancos desde la cabeza hasta la cola (incluida la parte superior terminal) mucho mas oscuros,casi negros. Destacan varios puntos pequenos de un blanco metalico a lo largo del tronco (unos pocos en la cabeza) y varios mas grandes a los lados de la cola (Barrio and Fuentes 1999). English translation:The color of live animals differs from preserved specimens. The colors of the live animal are much more intense. The dorsal surface of the animal and the upper parts of the head and anterior parts of the tail are an orange brown. The flanks or sides of the body from the head to the tail are much darker, almost entirely black. Along the body there are various spots of white metalic coloration with a few small ones on the head and larger ones on the sides of the tail.

References

  • Barrio, C. L. and Fuentes, O. (1999). '' Bolitoglossa spongai una nueva especie de salamandra (Caudata: Plethodontidae) de los Andes Venezolanos, con comentarios sombre el genero en Venezuela.'' Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 19(4), 9-19.
  • Barrio, C.L. (1996). ''Anfibios de Venezuela. Una vision aproximativa.'' Reptilia, 6, 24-32.

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Distribution and Habitat

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El (Holotipo y Paratipos), fueron colectados en el talud de la carretera, al frente del Hato La Carbonera en Venezuela. El talud se encontraba recubierto con musgos yhepaticas. Posee una altura no mayor de medio metro con respecto a la carretera de asfalto. Los ejeniplares se encontraban en una grieta debajo del musgocon un comportamiento social, conviviendo todas juntas, en un bosque tropofilo de alturas y sabanas intervenidas con cultivos de ganado vacuno. La localidad tipica se ubica segun (Huber y Alarcon 1988), dentro del ambito denominado, Bosque ombrofilo/submontano/montano, siempreverde, donde existe un sotobosque bien desarrollado de epifitas abundantes, helechos, orquideas y bromelias (Barrio and Fuentes, 1999). English translation:The holotype and paratypes were colledcted next to the road in talus and scree rocks in front of del Hato La Carbonera in Venezuela. The talus was covered with mosses and liverworts. The animals were found together in a crevice perhaps signifying close sociality or some lack of territoriality. The forest was evergreen with abundant epiphytes, ferns, orchids and bromeliads.
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Bolitoglossa orestes

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Bolitoglossa orestes, commonly known as the Culata mushroomtongue salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Mérida state of Venezuela.[2]

Taxonomy

Bolitoglossa spongai (common name: Sponga salamander), described in 1999,[3] is since 2012 considered a synonym of Bolitoglossa orestes.[2]

Description

Adult Bolitoglossa orestes measure 34–46 mm (1.3–1.8 in) in snout–vent length. Males and females are alike. Their skin is smooth and brown-orange to pale brown or yellowish in colour in the dorsum but darker in the flanks. The tail is about as long as the snout–vent length.[4] Breeding is by direct development.[1]

Habitat and conservation

This uncommon species is only found in cloud forests at the elevations of 2,000–3,500 m (6,600–11,500 ft) asl.[1][2] Some populations might be threatened by habitat loss, but many populations are within protected areas.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Bolitoglossa orestes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60883364A60824388. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60883364A60824388.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Bolitoglossa orestes Brame and Wake, 1962". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  3. ^ Barrio-Amorós, C. L.; O. Fuentes-Ramos (1999). "Bolitoglossa spongai una nueva especie de salamandra (Caudata: Plethodontidae) de los Andes Venezolanos, con comentarios sobre el genero en Venezuela" (PDF). Acta Biologica Venezuelica. 19 (4): 9–19.
  4. ^ Barrio-Amorós, C. L.; O. Fuentes-Ramos (2004). "Bolitoglossa spongai Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos". Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 781: 1–2. Archived from the original on 2014-03-16.
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Bolitoglossa orestes: Brief Summary

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Bolitoglossa orestes, commonly known as the Culata mushroomtongue salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Mérida state of Venezuela.

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