“Euphrosyne arctia, Johnson.
Johnson, 1897, p. 159, pl. v, figs. 5-7.
?Euphrosyne armadilloides, Ehlers, 1901, p. 37, pl. i, figs. 6-8.
St. 27. 15. iii. 26. West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. 3.3 miles S 44° E of Jason Light. 110 m. Gear DL. Bottom: mud and rock. One specimen.
St. 39. 25. iii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. From 8 cables S 81° W of Merton Rock to 1.3 miles N 7° E of Macmahon Rock. 179-235 m. Gear N 4–T. Bottom: grey mud. One specimen.
St. 42. I. iv. 26. Off mouth of Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. From 6.3 miles N 89° E of Jason Light to 4 miles N 39° E of Jason Light. 120-204 m. Gear OTL. Bottom: mud. One specimen.
St. 140. 23. xii. 26. Stromness Harbour to Larsen Point, South Georgia. From 54° 02' S, 36° 38' W to 54° 11' 30" S, 36° 29’ W. 122-136 m. Gear OTL. Bottom: green mud and stones. Two specimens.
St. 144. 5. i. 27. Off mouth of Stromness Harbour, South Georgia. From 54° 04' S, 36° 27' W to 53° 58' S, 36° 26' W. 155-178 m. Gear N 4–T. Bottom: green mud and sand. One specimen.
St. 149. 10. i. 27. Mouth of East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia. From 15 miles N 76 ½° W to 2.62 miles S 11° W of Merton Rock. 200-234 m. Gear OTL. Bottom: mud. Two specimens.
St. MS 71. 9. iii. 26. East Cumberland Bay. 9 ¼ cables E x S to 1'2 miles E x S of Sappho Point. 110-60 m. Gear BTS and NCS–T. Two specimens.
The larger specimens measure about 11 mm. by 8 mm. including the feet, and the smaller about 5 mm. by 3 mm. The number of chaetigers is between 17 and 21. The body is oval and rather squat, and the colour in spirit is a pale yellow with white bristles. The median tentacle is short and thick. The posterior eyes are large and the anterior are partly hidden behind the front of the buccal folds : the mouth reaches to the anterior border of the 5th chaetiger. The caruncle is high, and apparently composed of a single lobe superficially divided by longitudinal grooves running along both sides ; it reaches to the anterior border of the 6th chaetiger.
The branchiae begin on the 1st chaetiger and are arranged in transverse rows of five trunks on either side. These trunks (Fig. 4, a) branch four times and end in curious tufts exactly as figured by Johnson (loc. cit. Fig. 5). The upper of the two dorsal cirri are on the inside of the rows of gills, and the lower between the 2nd and 3rd most dorsal trunks. The ventral cirri lie behind the ventral bristle-bundles.
The dorsal bristles are of two and perhaps of three kinds : (1) ringent chaetae (Figs. 4, b and 4, c) which vary in the extent to which the long arm is flexed ; (2) smooth stout bifid bristles (Fig. 4, d); (3) a few bristles intermediate in type between the "ringents " and the smooth "bifids " (Fig. 4, e): in these there are striae in the fork, and the small arm is relatively shorter than in the ringents. In the majority of examples but not in all, the long arm of the "ringent " and the "intermediate " chaetae is delicately serrated to just below the tip. These serrations vary widely in their distinctness in the different specimens, and in a few they cannot be seen. This may be a function of the state of preservation of the bristles.
The ventral chaetae are simple bifids of two sizes exactly as figured by Johnson. The anus is large and ventrally placed.
REMARKS. These Antarctic specimens agree in detail with Johnson's description of an example from 100 fathoms depth in Monterey Bay, California, except that Johnson figures no serrations on the long arm of the ringent chaetae ; these may have been absent, as they are in several of the Antarctic specimens. Moreover, he makes no mention of the "intermediate" type of chaetae : they are not clearly separable from the "ringents," and might easily be overlooked.
I am unable to decide whether this species, to which I believe the Antarctic specimens to belong in spite of the wide differences in locality and habitat between them and Johnson's type, is the same as E. armadilloides, Ehlers, which has a wide Antarctic distribution. Ehlers is of the opinion that his species is close to both E. arctia, Johnson and E. armadillo, M. Sars. Now Ehlers' E. armadilloides has broad foliaceous tips to its branchiae and a secondary tooth to the long arm of the bifid chaetae : I cannot quite reconcile the curious tufted gill-ends described by Johnson with those of E. armadilloides. M. Sars describes E. armadillo as having branchiae "apicibus ramulorum conico-acuminatis." This conveys a different type of branchia from that figured by Ehlers for E. armadilloides, and the E. armadillo, M. Sars of McIntosh (1900, Pl. xxv, fig. 2) and of Fauvel (1923, fig. 49, O) has long finger-shaped branchial extremities. As far as the branchiae go, E. armadilloides is nearer to E. foliosa than to E. armadillo.
Moore (1908, p. 340) hesitatingly attributes a specimen from Behm Canal, Alaska, to Johnson's species.”
(Monro, 1930)
