唐冠螺科（學名：Cassidae）[1]:171，亦作冠螺科，是一個腹足綱軟體動物的科，其物種為中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺[2]。舊屬中腹足目及異腹足目，今屬玉黍螺類支序鶉螺總科[2][3]。
本科現時有約60個物種，例如：万宝螺（Cypraecassis rufa）。
命名
若按唐冠螺屬的學名來命名，本科的學名應作「Cassididae」，但這樣就會跟另一種甲蟲分類龜金花蟲科 的學名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基於Cassida Linnaeus, 1758，金花蟲科物種，但現時已降格成為龜金花蟲亞科）相衝。所以ICZN根據Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129)，接受了現時的學名，以避免重覆命名的出現[2]。
分佈
本科物種分佈於熱帶海域及溫帶的潮間帶，水深可達100米。日間會埋在海底的沙裡，到晚上才出來活動。
型態特徵
本物種螺殼的手性均為右旋。體型通常很大。口蓋（英语：Operculum (gastropod)）長圓形，薄而且有尖刺，能完全覆蓋其長長的殼口（英语：aperture (mollusc)）。水管溝直或微彎。殼口外唇較厚，內裡有齒。
解剖
本科物種的外套膜很大，腹足大而且厚肉。頭部有可伸縮的長鼻，可協助捕食。眼睛在一對觸角的基部。
食性
本科物種以棘皮動物（特別是海膽）為食：冠螺科物種的頭部有長長的口器，連接兩個大大的長鼻腺，可分泌出一種含豐富硫酸的分泌液[4]。冠螺會先用其腹足夾緊海膽，然後再分泌酸液在其外殼融解出一個洞，再從這個洞伸進齒舌去刮食海膽的肉[4]。
分類
在布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)，作者依從Riedel (1995)，唐冠螺科仍然被列作鶉螺科（Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825)）之下的一個亞科（Cassinae Latreille, 1825）[3][5]，直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才將本分類提升到科級層次[6][7]。
屬
本科包括下列各屬：
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Casmaria H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853
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唐冠螺屬 Cassis Scopoli, 1777[7]:79
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万宝螺属 Cypraecassis Stutchbury, 1837
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Dalium Dall, 1889
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Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
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Eucorys Beu, 2008
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粗皮鬘螺屬 Galeoocorys Link, 1807
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Microsconsia Beu, 2008
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卵螺属 Oocorys P. Fischer, 1883
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鬘螺属 Phalium Link, 1807 - bonnet shells
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Sconsia Gray, 1847
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Semicassis Mörch, 1852
異名
以下各屬被認為是異名：
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Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
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Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
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Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
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Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
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Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
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Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777
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Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
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Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
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Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
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Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
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Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
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Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
- † Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
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Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
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Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
人類使用
Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.
- The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.
- The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.
- The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.
- The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.
參考文獻
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^ 賴景陽. 台灣貝類圖鑑. 貓頭鷹出版社. 2005-10. ISBN 986-7415-58-2 （中文（繁體））.
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^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Gofas, S. Cassidae. World Register of Marine Species. 2010 [2011-01-19].
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^ 3.0 3.1 Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
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^ 4.0 4.1 Hughes, RN; Hughes, HPI. Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia. 1981, 20 (2): 385–402 [2017-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-29）.
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^ Riedel, F. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology. 1995, 32 (4): 97–132 （英语）.
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^ Beu, A.G. Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda. (编) Héros, V.; Cowie, R.H.; Bouchet, P. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 25. 2008: 269–387.
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^ 7.0 7.1 Dance, S. Peter. 世界貝殼圖鑑 2nd. 2008.
- Abbott, R.T. (1968). The Helmet Shells of the World (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201
- Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p
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