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Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Notiphila (Dichaeta) olivacea Cresson

Notiphila (Agrolimna) olivacea Cresson 1917:52

TYPE-MATERIAL.—Holotype male: “Sandusky, Ohio, July, 1914.” The holotype is deposited with the Ohio State University insect collection, Columbus. Cresson originally listed the type deposition as “Ohio Univ. Coll.” This citation is either in error or the type was deposited in the Ohio State collection at a later date. Two male and six female paratopotypes were also listed in the original description.

DIAGNOSIS.—Specimens of N. olivacea closely resemble those of N. deonieri, N. uliginosa, N. paludia, N. aenigma, and N. elophila. The latter species are often confused with N. olivacea and in the case of N. deonieri, comparisons of the male genitalia are necessary to distinguish the species. N. olivacea members, however, can usually be distinguished from the others by the following combination of external characters: maxillary palpus and antenna entirely black; mesonotum and mesopleuron, although not immaculate, lacking well defined maculation patterns; front tarsomeres usually darkened, middle and hind tarsi plus setal fascicle of hind basitarsus pale, yellow; fascia of abdominal terga 3 and 4 usually distinct, contrasting with gray ground color along posterior margins; genitalia of males distinctive as in Figures 167–169.

DESCRIPTION.—Medium-sized to moderately large shore flies, length 3.35 to 4.5 mm; with light brownish gray to olive gray coloration and brown markings.

Heads Head ratio 1:0.72; postfrons ratio 1:0.64; frons with lateral margins and median triangular area concolorous, gray, pollinose; remainder of frons subdued black, also pollinose. Paravertical bristle larger than postocellar setae although the largest pair of latter bristles but slightly smaller; 2 pair of proclinate, fronto-orbital setae. Antenna entirely black; arista with 10–13 dorsal branches. Face pale, grayish yellow; prefrons ratio 1:0.72; facial setae numbering 7–9, small, hairlike. Eye ratio 1:0.74; eye-to-cheek ratio 1:0.19. Gena narrow, gray except for anterior portion, which is concolorous with face; genal bristles subequal to paravertical bristle. Maxillary palpus black.

Thorax: Mesonotum a little darker than pleural areas, brownish gray, immaculate, mesopleuron often with brown spot near dorsal edge but not subrectangular as in N. aenigma members. Legs, except for tarsi, grayish black, joints often pale; tarsi yellow, sometimes front tarsomeres darker with brown tinges. Setal fascicle of hind basitarsus pale, yellow. Wing ratio 1:0.43; costal vein ratio 1:0.38; M1+2 vein ratio 1:0.83.

Abdomen: Abdomen ratio of males 1:0.86; length of fourth tergum to fifth tergum ratio of males 1:1.3; fifth tergum ratio of males 1:0.70. Fascia of third, fourth and fifth terga brown; posterior margins of third and fourth terga gray, contrasting with brown fascia. Male terminalia as in Figures 167–169.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED (1213).—CANADA: Alberta: Banff (ANSP, CNC); Carmangay-Little Bow River (USNM); Gull Lake (ANSP); Tabe River (ANSP). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Kamloops-Alkali Lake (USNM); Keremeos (CNC); Hatzic Lake (CNC); Nicola (CNC); Okanagan Falls (CNC); Oliver (ANSP, CNC); Sawmill Lake-Telegraph Creek (CNC). MANITOBA: Aweme E. (CNC); 3.2 km N Forest (CNC); 14.5 km N Forest Station (CNC); International Peace Gardens-Turtle Mountain Forest Reserve (CNC); Max Lake-Turtle Mountain Forest Reserve (CNC); Ninette (CNC); Scarth (CNC); 8.1 km SW Shilo (CNC); 6.4 km N. Whitewater-Whitewater Lake (CNC); Winnipeg-Beach (CNC). NEW BRUNSWICK: Glebe Road-Chamcook (CNC). NOVA SCOTIA: Lockeport (CNC). ONTARIO: Kent-Rondeau Park (ANSP, USNM); Long Point-Lake Erie (CNC); Marmora (CNC); Ottawa (ANSP, CNC); Ottawa River-Remic Rapids (CNC); Orilla (CNC); Perth Road (CNC); Point Pelee (CNC); Silver Creek (ANSP); Toronto (ANSP); Turkey Point (CNC). QUEBEC: L'Assomption (CNC); Montreal (AMNH); Norway Bay (CNC). SASKATCHEWAN: Christopher Lake (CNC); Indian Head (CNC). UNITED STATES: ALASKA: Anchorage-Fish Creek Flats (USNM). ARIZONA: Pima Co., Picture Rock Pass-Tucson Mountains (USU). CALIFORNIA: Upper Lake (FSCA); Alameda Co., Oakland (CAS); Inyo Co., 3.2 km N Cartago (USNM), Deep Springs (UCB, USNM); Kern Co., Kernville (KU); Modoc Co., 6.4 km W Alturas (WNM), Surprise Valley-dunes Fort Bidwell (UCB); Mono Co., W shore Mono Lake (WNM); Monterey Co., Carmel (USNM); Nevada Co., 1.6 km NW Hobart Mills (WNM); Riverside Co., Aguanga, 6.4 km W Riverside (USNM, UCD); San Bernardino Co., Boulder Bay-Big Bear Lake (UCR); San Diego Co., Campo (KU), Mission-Beach (KU); Santa Barbara Co., Carpinteria (USNM, WSU); Santa Clara Co., San Antonio Ranger Station (UCB); Sierra Co., Sierraville (UCB); Solano Co., Cordelia Road, 0.8 km E Pittman Road (CU). COLORADO: Boulder Co., Boulder (WSU); Clear Creek Co., Idaho Springs (ANSP, CSU, WSU); Dolores Co., 10.5 km W Dove Creek (WNM); Jefferson Co., Golden (USNM); Larimer Co., Fort Collins (ANSP, CSU, WSU); Mesa Co., Fruita (USNM); Mineral Co., Creede (ISU); Montezuma Co., 12.9 km W Cortez (WNM); Pueblo Co., Pueblo (ANSP); Weld Co., Roggen (ANSP, WSU). IDAHO: Caribou Co., Soda Springs, 1.6 km N (WNM); Cassia Co., Burley (KU); Fremont Co., Saint Anthony (USNM); Kootenia Co., Coeur d'Alene-Echo Bay (USNM), 0.8 km E. Harrison (WNM). Illinois: Cook Co., Chicago (USNM); Lake Co., Pistakee Bay (USNM); McHenry Co., McHenry (ANSP). IOWA: Boone Co., Ledges State Park (ISU); Guthrie Co., Springbrook State Park (ISU); Hamilton Co., Goose Lake (USNM), Little Wall Lake (ISU, USNM); Story Co., Ames (CNC), 6.4 km E Gilbert (ISU); Woodbury Co., Brown's Lake (ISU). KANSAS: Clark Co. (KU); Harvey Co., Newton (KU); Stafford Co. (ANSP). MASSACHUSETTS: Barnstable Co., Falmouth (USNM), Provincetown (ANSP), Woods Hole (USNM); Bristol Co., Hough-Horse Neck Beach (USNM), New Bedford (AMNH, FSCA); Dukes Co., Naushon (ANSP), Penikese Island (USNM); Nantucket Co., Nantucket (ANSP). MICHIGAN: Allegan Co., Douglas Lake (USNM); Alpena Co. (USNM); Arenac Co. (USNM); Bay Co. (ANSP, MSU, USNM); Houghton Co. (USNM); Iosco Co. (MSU); Mackinac Co. (MSU); Midland Co. (ANSP, MSU); Monroe Co., Monroe (ANSP, USNM); Muskegon Co. (MSU); Schoolcraft Co. (MSU); Wayne Co. (USNM), Detroit (ANSP, USNM), Grosse Ile (USNM). MINNESOTA: Marshall Co. (UMN); Roseau Co., Warroad (ANSP); Sibley Co., River near Blakeley (UMN). MONTANA: Flathead Co., 1.6 km W Bigfork (KSU, USNM), 3.2 km W Bigfork (KSU), 9.7 km NW Bigfork (KSU, USNM), 12.9 km NW Bigfork (KSU, USNM); Lake Co., 24.2 km S Bigfork (KSU), Black Lake, 3.2 km W Dayton (KSU), Dayton (ANSP), 4.8 km E Polson (KSU), 6.4 km E Polson (KSU, USNM), 4.8 km S Ronan (KSU), 5.2 km S Ronan (WNM). NEBRASKA: Dawson Co., Willow Island (UCD); Hall Co., Grand Island (UCD). NEVADA: Churchill Co., Soda Lakes near Hazen (USNM); Elko Co., Wells (USNM); Storey Co., Wadsworth (USNM); Washoe Co., Sparks (CAS). NEW JERSEY: Cape May Co., Cape May (ANSP); Essex Co., Newark (AMNH), W Orange (ANSP); Ocean Co., Manahawkin (ANSP). NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co., US 85, 4.8 km S Isleta (CU); Catron Co., Apache Creek (WNM); Otero Co., Cloudcroft (KU); San Juan Co., 1.6 km S Bloomfield (WNM); San Miguel Co., 0.8 km NE Montezuma (WNM). NEW YORK: Bronx (AMNH); Whiteface Mountain (CNC); Cayuga Co., N Fairhaven (CU); Eric Co., Elma (ANSP), Ton. Indian Reservation (CU); Genessee Co., Bergen (KU); Queens Co., Flushing (USNM); Rockland Co., Bear Mountain Bridge (USNM); Schoharie Co., Sharon Springs (ANSP); Suffolk Co., Babylon (USNM), Cold Spring Harbor (USNM); Thompkins Co., 2.4 km W Cardiff (CU), Ithaca (CU, UCR), Taughannock Falls (USNM); Wyoming Co., Portageville-Genessee River (USNM). NORTH DAKOTA: Benson Co., Broken Bone Lake (CU); Grand Forks Co., 91 m E junction US Hwy 2 and St Hwy 32 (CU). OHIO: Carroll Co. (KSU); Erie Co., Kelleys Island (OHSU), Sandusky (ANSP, OHSU); Portage Co., 7.2 km E Kent (KSU), 7.2 km NE Kent (KSU), 12.9 km SE Kent (KSU). OREGON: Beaver Marsh (UCB); Grant Co., 1.9 km S Seneca (WNM); Harney Co., Denio (USNM), Harvey Lake (USNM), S shore Harney Lake (WNM), Harney Hot Spring (WNM), Willow Creek, W Whitehorse Ranch (WNM); Lake Co., Ana Reservoir (WNM), NW shore Alkali Lake (WNM), Hunter Hot Springs (WNM), 6.9 km NW Paisley (WNM), 31.9 km NW Paisley (WNM), 7.7 km N Summer Lake (WNM), Warner Canyon (WNM); Malheur Co., Vale (USU); Morrow Co., 3.2 km N Irrigon (WNM); Umatilla Co., Hermiston (WNM); Wheeler Co., 29.8 km E Mitchell (WNM). SOUTH DAKOTA: Lake Oakwood (ANSP); Custer Co., 11.3 km W Custer (WNM); Fall River Co., Hot Springs (ANSP); Lawrence Co., Spearfish (ANSP); Union Co., Elk Point (ANSP). TEXAS: Buffalo Spring Lake (USNM); Lubbock Co., Lubbock (CSU). UTAH: Cache Co., Logan (UMN), Logan Canyon (ANSP), Mendon (ANSP), Hyde Park (USU), Millville (KSU), Trenton (UMN); Carbon Co., Clear Creek Canyon (ISU), S Price (WNM); Duchesne Co., Duchesne (USU); Emery Co., 0.8 km N Castle Dale (WNM), Green River (ISU); Grand Co., Moab (ISU); Iron Co., Coal Creek (USU); Kane Co., Kanab (ISU), Kanab Creek Canyon (ISU); Millard Co., Filmore (UMN); Salt Lake Co., Salt Lake City (USNM), Sandy (USU); San Juan Co., 10.5 km N LaSal Junction (WNM); Sevier Co., 14.5 km E Cove Fort-Fish Lake National Forest (ISU), Richfield (ISU); Utah Co., Goshen (USU), Provo (UMN); Wasatch Co., Heber (USNM); Weber Co., Ogden (UMN), Ogden Canyon (ANSP, USU). WASHINGTON: Adams Co., Ritzville (USNM); Franklin Co., 11.3 km SWS Eltopia (WNM), Kahlotus Lake (WSU), Palouse Falls (WNM), 3.2 km E Pasco (WNM), Scooteney Recreational Area (WNM); Grant Co., Bank Lake (WNM), Coulee City (USNM), O'Sullivan Dam (WSU); King Co., Seattle (USNM); Lincoln Co., Sprague (USNM); Pierce Co., Fort Lewis-Sears Lake (CAS); Snohomish Co., Stanwood (USNM); Whitman Co., Pullman (WSU); Yakima Co., Byron Ponds near Prosser (WSU), Moxee (USNM). WYOMING: Niobrara Co., 19.3 km N Lusk (KU); Platte Co., Chugwater (ANSP); Yellowstone National Park, Riverside (ANSP, USNM).

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION (Figure 170).—Notiphila olivacea is one of the most widely ranging species of the subgenus Dichaeta, occurring throughout North America except for the Southeast. Collection dates are from 12 April to 18 October.
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bibliographic citation
Mathis, Wayne Neilsen. 1979. "Studies of Notiphilinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), I: Revision of the Neartic Species of Notiphila Fallen, Excluding the Caudata Group." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-111. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.287

Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Notiphila (Dichaeta) aenigma Cresson

Notiphila (Agrolimna) olivacea var. aenigma Cresson, 1917:54.

Notiphila (Agrolimna) olivacea.—Cresson [in part], 1946:232.

Notiphila (Agrolimna) aenigma.—Wirth, 1965:747.

TYPE-MATERIAL.—Holotype male: “Seattle Washington, 15 July 1901//HoloTYPE 6113/HoloTYPE Notiphila aenigma, E. T. Cresson Jr.” The holotype is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, type number 6113.

DIAGNOSIS.—Members of N. aenigma bear resemblances to those of N. olivacea but may be readily distinguished by the brown maculation on the mesopleuron and by the vittate mesonotum. The brown maculation pattern is subrectangular and extends from the prothoracic spiracle to the two larger bristles near the posterior margin of the mesopleuron. The vittate mesonotum is variable; I have examined specimens, generally poorly preserved, that bear little evidence of stripes. Most specimens, however, are conspicuously marked. Although very similar, the terminalia of N. aenigma males differ from that of N. olivacea males in the shape of the hypandrial process; the preapical swelling is more abruptly rounded; and the apical process is broader (Figures 133–134).

DESCRIPTION.—Medium-sized to moderately large shore flies, length 3.46 to 4.53 mm; with light olive brown to brown coloration.

Head: Head ratio 1:0.73; mesofrons with median, light colored, tan, triangular area that extends posteriorly from broadly formed vertex at anterior margin of postfrons to vertex, including ocellar triangle; lateral margins of frons contrasting in coloration with mesofrons, darker, blackish brown; postfrons ratio 1:0.65. Two subequal proclinate, fronto-orbital setae; paravertical bristle large, slightly larger than genal bristles. Antennal segments dark, black, appearing pollinose; 9–13 dorsal aristal branches. Face grayish yellow; prefrons ratio 1:0.69; facial setae hairlike. Eye ratio 1:0.78; eye-to-cheek ratio 1:0.19; gena gray. Maxillary palpus black.

Thorax: Mesonotum darker than pleural areas, usually with median stripe and often with other vittate markings. Mesopleuron with brown, subrectangular maculation; pleural areas in general becoming lighter in color ventrally. Femora and tibiae more or less concolorous, grayish black; tarsi light grayish orange to subdued yellow; setal fascicle of hind basitarsus pale, yellowish orange. Wing ratio 1:0.46; costal vein ratio 1:0.5; M1+2 vein ratio 1:0.92.

Abdomen: Abdomen ratio of males 1:0.72; length of fourth tergum to fifth tergum of males 1:0.75; fifth tergum ratio of males 1:0.51. Third and fourth tergum with dark brown fascia along anterior margin that do not generally extend onto ventral surface; fifth tergum of males generally dark brown except for small, median, gray stripe and some lighter areas toward the anterolateral surfaces. Male terminalia as in diagnosis and in Figures 133–134.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED (413).—CANADA: ALBERTA: Wabamun (ANSP). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Hatic Lake (CNC); Mission City (CNC); Royal Oak (ANSP). UNITED STATES: CALIFORNIA: Colusa Co., Colusa (UCB); Los Angeles Co., Long Beach, Los Angeles River (WSU); San Bernardino Co., Redlands (ANSP); San Francisco Co., Lake Merced (CAS); San Luis Obispo Co., Pismo Beach (WSU). COLORADO: Boulder Co., Boulder (ANSP, CSU); Larimer Co., Ft. Collins (ANSP); Montezuma Co., 12.9 km W Cortez (WNM). IDAHO: Kootenai Co., Lake Cour d'Alene, 0.8 km E Harrison (WNM). MONTANA: Flathead Co., 1.6 km W Bigfork (KSU), 9.7 km NW Bigfork (KSU), 12.9 km NW Bigfork (KSU), 3.7 km E Bigfork (WNM); Lake Co., 8.1 km S Bigfork (KSU), 4.8 km E Polson (KSU), 6.4 km E Polson (KSU, WNM), 0.8 km SW Polson (KSU), 0.8 km S Ronan (KSU), 5.2 km S Ronan (WNM). NEVADA: Washoe Co., Reno (CAS), Sparks (CAS). NEW MEXICO: San Juan Co., 1.6 km S Bloomfield (WNM); San Miguel Co., 0.8 km NE Montezuma (WNM). OREGON: Benton Co., Finley Wildlife Refuge (WNM), McFadden Pond (WNM), Peavy Arboretum (WNM); Columbia Co., Clatskani (MSU); Coos Co., Hauser (WNM); Curry Co., Cape Blanco (WNM); Klamath Co., 4 km N highway 66 Brick Lake Road (WSU), Klamath National Forest Wildlife Refuge (WNM); Lake Co., Ana Reservoir (WNM); Lane Co. 9.7 km E Florence (WNM); Lincoln Co., Newport-Yaquina Bay (WNM); Tillamook Co., 3.6 km S Cloverdale (WNM). UTAH: Utah Co., Goshen Pond (WNM), Provo Environs (WNM); Wasatch Co., Heber (MSU); Weber Co., Plain City (ANSP). WASHINGTON: Franklin Co., 11.3 km WSW Eltopia (WNM); Grant Co. (WNM); Pierce Co., Lake Spanaway (WNM), Mount Rainier-Longmire (ANSP), 4.8 km WSW DuPont (WNM); San Juan Co., Orcas Island (ANSP), Mt. Constitution (ANSP), Friday Harbor (ANSP); Snohomish Co., Stanwood (ANSP, USNM); Whitman Co., Pullman (WSU); Yakima Co., Byron Ponds near Prosser (WSU).

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION (Figure 135).—Notiphila aenigma was previously reported only from the state of Washington (Cresson, 1946; Wirth, 1965), but it has now been collected from most of the western United States and Canada. It occurs inland as commonly as on the coast. Collection dates are from 7 May to 1 September.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
Mathis, Wayne Neilsen. 1979. "Studies of Notiphilinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), I: Revision of the Neartic Species of Notiphila Fallen, Excluding the Caudata Group." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-111. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.287

Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Saltmarshes.

Reference

Cheng, L. (Ed.). (1976). Marine insects. North-Holland Publishing Company: Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ISBN 0-444-11213-8. XII, 581 pp.

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Lanna Cheng [email]