Hexactinellid Sponges

Figure 3. Anoxycalyx joubini on the gangplank at Hut Point, McMurdo Station.The same gangplank with A. joubini in 2010.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Ventriculites simplex, Toulmin Smith.

Indian Deep-Sea Sponges. Hyalonema masoni, from the Bay of Bengal, 1748 fathoms.... Only the upper part of the glass-rope, by which the sponge is anchored to the ooze, is represented, and it is overgrown with barnacles (Scalpellum squamuliferum)

Rossella veluta, Wyville Thomson.

Dictyaulus elegans, a kind of Venus' Flower-basket, from the Laccadive Sea, 705 fathoms.... Only the upper part of the Sponge is represented.

Pheronema carpenteri, Wyville Thomson -- Demi-Grandeur. 1500 metres de profondeur

Hyalonema toxeres (partie superieure). Hyalonema toxeres (partie inferieure). 2,400 metres de profondeur

Figure 2. Indiella gen.n. ridgenensis sp.n. A view from the dermal side B view from the atrial side; (i) holotype, (ii) to (iv) paratypes

Figure 4. Anoxycalyx joubini growth on rack at New Harbor, Explorers Cove.One of the racks at Explorers Cove in 2010, some A. joubini falling off of structure, but still alive.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Ventriculites simplex, Toulmin Smith, Outer surface.

Hyalonema insitanieum, Barboza du Bocage.

Holtenia carpenteri, Wyville Thomson.

Figure 3. Indeilla gen n. ridgenensis sp.n. drawings of spicules of the holotypes A dermal pentactin B atrial pentactin, C discohexaster D secondary ray of discohexaster

Figure 3. Anoxycalyx joubini on the gangplank at Hut Point, McMurdo Station. 1989, after anchor ice had removed 100% cover of large H. balfourensisSource: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Ventriculites simplex, Toulmin Smith. Section of the outer wall, showing the structure of the silicious network.

Pheronema Parfaiti (H. Filh.). 1,200 metres de profondeur. Expedition de Talisman.

Figure 4. Scaning Electron Microscopy of Indeilla gen. n. ridgenensis sp. n. Frameowrk and spicules of the holotypes A dermal layer B atrial layer C lateral view D discohexaster E secondary ray tuft of discohexaster

Figure 4. Anoxycalyx joubini growth on rack at New Harbor, Explorers Cove.One of the racks at Explorers Cove in 2004, with 4 A. joubini;Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Pheronema raphanus, the Indian Bird's nest Sponge, from the Andaman Sea, 173-405 fathoms..

Figure 1. Large Anoxycalyx joubini at Cape Armitage, McMurdo Station. Two large A. joubini at a depth of 60 m, 1967. A. joubini in photo is approximately 1.75 m tall.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Figure 1. Large Anoxycalyx joubini at Cape Armitage, McMurdo Station. Two large A. joubini at a depth of 60 m, 1967. The larger sponge on the right (A. joubini) is approximately 2 m tall.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

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