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Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Abraxas grossulariata grazes on live leaf of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 4-6
Other: minor host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / pathogen
Armillaria mellea s.l. infects and damages Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Auricularia auricula-judae is saprobic on wood of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed conidioma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph of Ceuthospora lauri is saprobic on dead leaf of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 5-7

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, numerous, gregarious pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph of Coleophoma cylindrospora is saprobic on dead leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph of Coleophoma empetri is saprobic on dead leaf of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 10-4

Foodplant / feeds on
pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph of Diplodia tecta feeds on Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / spot causer
amphigenous, immersed apothecium of Eupropolella britannica causes spots on live leaf of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 4-7

Foodplant / saprobe
caespitose fruitbody of Kuehneromyces mutabilis is saprobic on decayed, dead stump (large) of Prunus laurocerasus
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Lentinellus laurocerasi is saprobic on dead wood of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic perithecium of Leucostoma persoonii is saprobic on dead bark of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / spot causer
scattered, superficial pycnidium of Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph of Macrophoma collabens causes spots on live leaf (tip) of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Nemania serpens is saprobic on dead branch of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / sap sucker
Parthenolecanium corni sucks sap of live shoot of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
solitary or in small group apothecium of Patellariopsis atrovinosa is saprobic on dead branch of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 2-3

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Peniophora incarnata is saprobic on dead, attached branch (small) of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / pathogen
sporangium of Peronospora sparsa infects and damages live leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
acervulus of Pestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Pestalotiopsis sydowiana is saprobic on dead Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
clustered, erumpent apothecium of Pezicula houghtonii is saprobic on dead branch of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 9-10

Foodplant / feeds on
gregarious pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis prunorum feeds on twig (slender) of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 3-5

Plant / epiphyte
epiphyllous thallus of Phycopeltis arundinacea grows on live leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Plant / epiphyte
epiphyllous thallus of Phycopeltis epiphyton grows on live leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / spot causer
amphigenous, gregarious, erumpent pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph of Phyllosticta prunigena causes spots on dead, fallen, dry leaf of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 4-5

Foodplant / parasite
conidial anamorph of Podosphaera pannosa parasitises leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / parasite
evanescent, mainly hypophyllous conidial anamorph of Podosphaera tridactyla parasitises live leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
hypophyllous, densely scattered, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria stagonosporoides is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 7

Foodplant / parasite
punctiform sporodochium of Stigmina dematiaceous anamorph of Stigmina carpophila parasitises fruit of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
numerous, dimorphic conidioma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph of Trochila laurocerasi is saprobic on dead shoot (small) of Prunus laurocerasus
Remarks: season: 8-4

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, in ring of 6 to 8, raising sometimes blackened epidermis perithecium of Valsa ceuthospora is saprobic on dead branch of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic, valsoid perithecium of Valsa laurocerasi is saprobic on dead branch of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
stromatic, valsoid perithecium of Valsaria cincta is saprobic on dead leaf of Prunus laurocerasus

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Vuilleminia comedens is saprobic on dead, decorticate, attached branch of Prunus laurocerasus
Other: unusual host/prey

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Prunus laurocerasus

provided by wikipedia EN

Prunus laurocerasus, also known as cherry laurel, common laurel and sometimes English laurel in North America, is an evergreen species of cherry (Prunus), native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe, from Albania and Bulgaria east through Turkey to the Caucasus Mountains and northern Iran.[2][3]

The common names of P. laurocerasus refer to the similarity of foliage and appearance to bay laurel (Laurus nobilis, the true laurel, in the family Lauraceae), and like the bay laurel, Prunus laurocerasus was used for making laurel wreaths,[4] but the two plants are not closely related. It is not to be confused with its American relative Prunus caroliniana, which is also called cherry laurel.

Description

Prunus laurocerasus is an evergreen shrub or small to medium-sized tree, growing to 5 to 15 metres (16 to 49 ft) tall, rarely to 18 metres (59 ft), with a trunk up to 60 cm broad. The leaves are dark green, leathery, shiny, (5–)10–25(–30) cm long and 4–10 cm broad, with a finely serrated margin. The leaves can have the scent of almonds when crushed. The flower buds appear in early spring and open in early summer in erect 7–15 cm racemes of 30–40 flowers, each flower 1 cm across, with five creamy-white petals and numerous yellowish stamens with a sweet smell. The fruit is a small cherry 1–2 cm broad, turning black when ripe in early autumn.[5][6]

Cultivation

Flowers - Prunus laurocerasus

Prunus laurocerasus is a widely cultivated ornamental plant, used for planting in gardens and parks in temperate regions worldwide. It is often used for hedges, as a screening plant, and as a massed landscape plant. Most cultivars are tough shrubs that can cope with difficult growing conditions, including shaded and dry conditions, and which respond well to pruning.

Cultivars

Over 40 cultivars have been selected, including[7]

  • 'Aureovariegata', variegated, leaves with a yellow margin
  • 'Magnifolia', vigorous, with great leaves up to 30-cm wide and 11-cm broad
  • 'Otto Luyken' (named after Otto Luyken), half-dwarf, with small leaves 10-cm wide and 2–3-cm broad[8]
  • 'Schipkaensis'[9]
  • 'Zabeliana', selected for winter cold tolerance

The cultivar 'Otto Luyken' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10]

Leaves - Prunus laurocerasus

Invasive species

It has become naturalised widely. In some regions (such as the United Kingdom and the Pacific Northwest of North America), this species can be an invasive plant.[11][12] Its rapid growth, coupled with its evergreen habit and its tolerance of drought and shade, often allow it to out-compete and kill off native plant species. It is spread by birds, through the seeds in their droppings.

Habitat

The species is found in woods and in shrubbery places as an escape in Northern Ireland[13] and commonly planted in parks and gardens.[14]

The species that are mainly found in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea Region (mainly Trabzon and Giresun) are categorized as endemic plants. [15] [16]

Other uses

The foliage is also used for cut greenery in floristry.

Prunus laurocerasus fruits.

The fruits are astringent but edible.[17] They contain small amounts of hydrogen cyanide; any fruit tasting bitter (which indicates larger concentrations of hydrogen cyanide) should not be eaten.[18] The seed inside the fruit (and the leaves) contain larger concentrations of hydrogen cyanide, and should never be eaten. The toxicity of the seed inside the fruit is similar to the cyanide toxicity of the seeds inside the common fruits apricot and peach.[19]

Toxicity

Leaves and seed may cause severe discomfort to humans if ingested.[20] The seeds contained within the cherries are poisonous like the rest of the plant, containing cyanogenic glycosides and amygdalin.[21] This chemical composition is what gives the smell of almonds when the leaves are crushed. Laurel water, a distillation made from the plant, contains prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) and other compounds and is toxic.

Wood

Cherry laurel wood contains a lot of water. It tends to gum up blades while cutting. It tends to split and distort while drying.

The freshly cut wood is creamy white and smells of almonds, It turns to orange and brown when dried.

Sections that are large enough in diameter may be used to turn bowls.

Similar species

Prunus lusitanica, Portuguese laurel, is similar in appearance, but may be distinguished by its sharply toothed leaves and red petioles.[22]

References

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  2. ^ Euro+Med Plantbase Project: Prunus laurocerasus Archived 2012-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Prunus laurocerasus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  4. ^ Mabberley, D.J. (2008). The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants (entry for Laurus). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521820714.
  5. ^ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  6. ^ Flora of NW Europe: Prunus laurocerasus Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  8. ^ "Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken' - Plant Finder".
  9. ^ "North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox".
  10. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken'". Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  11. ^ Evergreen.ca Invasive Plant Profile
  12. ^ Weeds of the Blue Mountains
  13. ^ Beesley, S. and Wilde, J. 1997 Urban Flora of Belfast. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast.ISBN 0-85389-695X
  14. ^ Hackney, P. (Ed) Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast.
  15. ^ Anşin, R., Özkan, Z. C., 1993. Tohumlu Bitkiler (Spermatophyta) odunsu taksonlar KTÜ Orman Fak Yayınları.
  16. ^ Sandallı, C. 2002. Karayemiş (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) bitkisinin RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) tekniği ile moleküler karakterizasyonu, KTÜ Fen- Edb Fakültesi
  17. ^ "English_laurel_prunus_laurocerasus". Archived from the original on 2018-08-24. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  18. ^ "Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel, English Laurel PFAF Plant Database".
  19. ^ Eisler, Ronald (2000-04-12). Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment: Health Hazards to Humans, Plants, and Animals, Three Volume Set. ISBN 9781420032741.
  20. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  21. ^ "Poisonous Plants: Prunus Laurocerasus". Archived from the original on 2007-04-19. Retrieved 2007-03-31.
  22. ^ Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012 Webb's An Irish Flora. ISBN 978-185918-4783

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN

Prunus laurocerasus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Prunus laurocerasus, also known as cherry laurel, common laurel and sometimes English laurel in North America, is an evergreen species of cherry (Prunus), native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe, from Albania and Bulgaria east through Turkey to the Caucasus Mountains and northern Iran.

The common names of P. laurocerasus refer to the similarity of foliage and appearance to bay laurel (Laurus nobilis, the true laurel, in the family Lauraceae), and like the bay laurel, Prunus laurocerasus was used for making laurel wreaths, but the two plants are not closely related. It is not to be confused with its American relative Prunus caroliniana, which is also called cherry laurel.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN