Monadofilosa is a grouping of Cercozoa.[1] (It is sometimes considered one of three, the other two being Phytomyxa and Reticulofilosa.) These organisms are single-celled amoeboid protists.
Classification
Monadofilosa includes the testaceans, which are testate filose amoeboids, and the cercomonads.
It is sometimes described as Testaceafilosia and Sarcomonadea.[2]
It has also been described as Sarcomonadea (Cercomonas, Heteromita, Bodomorpha, Proleptomonas, Allantion), Thecofilosea (Cryptodifflugia, Cryothecomonas), Spongomonadea (Spongomonas, Rhipidodendron), and Imbricatea (Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix, Allas, Gyromitus, Euglypha, Trinema, Paulinella).[3]
- The testaceans live both in marine and freshwater habitats, and in mosses. Members include Lecythium, Pseudodifflugia, Euglypha (a euglyphid), and Paulinella chromatophora.
- Cercomonads are flagellates that glide on their posterior cilium and/or generate filopodia. Members of this group contain Cryothecomonas, Thaumatomonas, which is covered with siliceous scales, and Cercomonas, which is naked. Cercomonas contains several species that show exhibit amoeboid movement, such as the testate amoeba Cyphoderia, and the flagellate Cryothecomonas.
Monadofilosa is sometimes treated as a superclass rather than a subphylum.
Sainouron has been grouped in Monadofilosa.[4]
Phylogeny
Phylogeny based on Bass et al. 2009,[5] Howe et al. 2011[6] and Bass et al. 2016.[7]
Metromonadea Metopiida
Metromonadida
Cercomonadida
Glissomonadida
Pansomonadida
Ventrifilosa Thecofilosea Tectosia Tectofilosida
Phaeodaria Eodarida
Opaloconchida
Eothecia Cryomonadida
Matazida
Botuliformidae
Ebriida
Silicofilosea Placoperla Perlatia Perlofilida
Spongomonadida
Placofila Rotosphaerida
Thaumatomonadida
Placonuda Discocelida
Discomonadida
Euglyphida
Nudisarca Variglissida
Marimonadida
Taxonomy
- Infraphylum Monadofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1997 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith & Oates 2012 [Eoglissa Cavalier-Smiths 2012][8]
References
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^ Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE (October 2003). "Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa)". Protist. 154 (3–4): 341–58. doi:10.1078/143446103322454112. PMID 14658494.
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^ Wylezich C, Meisterfeld R, Meisterfeld S, Schlegel M (2002). "Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA coding regions reveal a monophyletic lineage of euglyphid testate amoebae (Order Euglyphida)". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 49 (2): 108–18. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00352.x. PMID 12043958. S2CID 33818305.
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^ "www.nies.go.jp". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
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^ Cavalier-Smith T, Lewis R, Chao EE, Oates B, Bass D (October 2008). "Morphology and phylogeny of Sainouron acronematica sp. n. and the ultrastructural unity of Cercozoa". Protist. 159 (4): 591–620. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.04.002. PMID 18583188.
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^ Bass D, Chao EE, Nikolaev S, et al. (February 2009). "Phylogeny of Novel Naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea Revised". Protist. 160 (1): 75–109. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2008.07.002. PMID 18952499.
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^ Howe; et al. (2011), "Novel Cultured Protists Identify Deep-branching Environmental DNA Clades of Cercozoa: New Genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia", Protist, 162 (2): 332–372, doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.10.002, PMID 21295519
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^ Bass, et al. (2016). "Coprophilic amoebae and flagellates, including Guttulinopsis, Rosculus and Helkesimastix, characterise a divergent and diverse rhizarian radiation and contribute to a large diversity of faecal-associated protists". Environmental Microbiology. 18 (5): 1604–1619. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13235. PMID 26914587.
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^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5 September 2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
