Associations
provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Plant / epiphyte
Electra pilosa grows on frond of Laminaria
Other: major host/prey
Plant / epiphyte
Electra pilosa grows on Seaweeds
Other: major host/prey
Plant / epiphyte
Electra pilosa grows on Fucus serratus
Other: major host/prey
Brief Summary
provided by Ecomare
Hairy sea mat is a bryozoan which lives in a tiny box-shaped limy skeleton. As a colony, it forms a crust often broad or star-shaped, making it easy to identify. Every individual animal has 11 to 15 tentacles. They also have an average of 9 spines surrounding the soft front end. Unless it has broken off, there is always one larger spine, light brown in color, which is one of the characteristics of this bryozoan. It's this brownish spine that gives the colony a hairy appearance, and therefore its name. As a colony, hairy sea mat resembles a cluster of colorless seaweed. Colonies regularly wash ashore. Sometimes, the beaches are strewn with huge amounts of hairy sea mat. The entire coast of Holland was covered with hairy sea mat in November 1992.
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Breeding Season
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
Care of Adults
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
Fertilization and Cleavage
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
Living Material
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
Methods of Observation
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
The Unfertilized Ovum
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
Time Table of Development
provided by Egg Characteristics and Breeding Season for Woods Hole Species
Woods Hole, Maine
- Bonnevie, K., 1907. Untersuchungen über Keimzellen. Ii. Physiologische Polyspermie bei Bryozoen. Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturw., 35: 567-598.
- Just, E. E., 1934. Fertilization in Membranipora pilosa. Carnegie Inst. Year Book, 33: 268-270.
- Kupelweiser, H., 1905. Untersuchungen über den feineren Bau und die Metamorphose des Cyphonautes. Zoologica, 19: Hf. 47, pp. 1-50.
- Prouho, H., 1892. Contribution a l'histoire des Bryozoaires. Arch. de Zool. Exp., 20: 557656.
- Silén, L., 1944. The main features of the development of the ovum, embryo and ooecium in the ooeciferous Bryozoa Gymnolaemata. Arkiv f. Zool., K. Svenska Vetenskap., 35A: no. 17, pp. 1-34.
- bibliographic citation
- Costello, D.P. and C. Henley (1971). Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (Second Edition)
- author
- Costello, D.P.
- author
- C. Henley
Electra pilosa
provided by wikipedia EN
Electra pilosa is a species of colonial bryozoan in the order Cheilostomatida. It is native to the northeastern and northwestern Atlantic Ocean and is also present in Australia and New Zealand.
Description
Colonies of Electra pilosa form broad mats or star-shaped patches on the surface of the fronds of large algae such as Laminaria and Fucus serratus. The zooids also grows in small patches or tufts on the surface of shells and stones, and encircling the fronds of red algae such as Mastocarpus stellatus. The zooids are packed closely together, are cylindrical and about 0.5 by 0.3 mm (0.020 by 0.012 in). Each one has a mineralized exoskeleton with a transparent, membranous oval window. The calcified protective covering bears about nine spines (four to twelve), the central one being much longer than the others, giving the colony a hairy (Latin pilosa) appearance.[2]
Distribution
Electra pilosa is native to the northeastern and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea, the Wadden Sea, the White Sea and the Barents Sea. It is also present in Australia and New Zealand where it is regarded as an introduced species. It is found from the intertidal zone of sheltered rocky shores down to depths of about 50 m (164 ft).[3]
Biology
A colony starts when a larva settles on a suitable surface and undergoes metamorphosis into an ancestrula. This forms daughter zooids by budding and the colony grows by asexual reproduction.[3] In common with other bryozoans, Electra pilosa filter feeds with the aid of a crown of tentacles known as a lophophore with which it sieves particles from the water. It probably feeds on such things as flagellates, phytoplankton, bacteria, small pieces of algal debris and algal spores. The spines on the exoskeleton, especially the long one, offer protection to the zooid when it is feeding and may grow longer in colonies facing competition from other bryozoans. The growth rate of the zooids varies with the water flow, the temperature, the food supply and the competition from other bryozoan colonies.[4]
The colony is hermaphrodite but individual zooids are either male or female. In Britain, breeding takes place in August and September. The males liberate sperm into the water and the females may actively collect this.[5] Fertilisation takes place in the coelomic cavity of the female into which up to thirty oocytes are released. The fertilised embryos are liberated into the sea where they have a long period of planktonic development before settling on a suitable surface. They are present in the water column all year round, but settle between April and November, with settlement peaks in May/June and July/August. The larvae probably use olfactory clues when choosing places to settle and are able to evaluate the suitability of the surface and the proximity of other colonies. A colony can probably survive for several years on a suitable substrate, but will likely last for a shorter period when on an ephemeral base.[5]
References
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Electra pilosa: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Electra pilosa is a species of colonial bryozoan in the order Cheilostomatida. It is native to the northeastern and northwestern Atlantic Ocean and is also present in Australia and New Zealand.
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Description
provided by World Register of Marine Species
De kolonie vormt een korst. Bij gebrek aan substraat vormt de kolonie opgerichte bladen van rug-aan-rug groeiende zoïden. De dunne doorschijnende frontale verkalking neemt tot de helft van het frontale oppervlak in. Opvallend en kenmerkend zijn de grote ronde poriën. 4 tot 12 (vaak 9) stekels rond de ovale opesia. De proximale stekel is altijd aanwezig, doorgaans langer dan andere stekels en soms 2 tot 3 x zo lang als de zoïde. In dit geval ziet de kolonie er harig uit. Operculum transparant, met een dunne chitineuze verharding.
De_blauwe, H. (2009). Mosdiertjes van de Zuidelijke Bocht van de Noordzee: Determinatiewerk voor België en Nederland. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee, Oostende. 464.
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Diet
provided by World Register of Marine Species
small microorganisms, including diatoms and other unicellar algae
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Distribution
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Arctic to Long Island Sound
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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Distribution
provided by World Register of Marine Species
Loppens (1906) en de collectie in het KBIN getuigen dat deze soort ook vroeger heel algemeen was. Groeit op zowat alles: stenen, schelpen, hydroïden, plastic, wieren, andere mosdiertjes. Beslist de algemeenste soort in de Zuidelijke bocht van de Noordzee (De Blauwe, 2009). Heel algemeen in België en Zeeland op strandhoofden en in jachthavens, ook uit de kust op stenen, schelpen en scheepswrakken (Zintzen, 2007), ook in binnenwater zoals de achterhaven van Zeebrugge en het Sas van Goes. Korstvormige kolonies zijn vaak aanwezig op aangespoeld materiaal zoals plastic en riemwiervoetjes. Het lijkt erop dat het aanspoelen van losse opgerichte koloniedelen steeds minder vaak optreedt.
- De_blauwe, H. (2009). Mosdiertjes van de Zuidelijke Bocht van de Noordzee: Determinatiewerk voor België en Nederland. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee, Oostende. 464.
- Zintzen, V. (2007). Biodiversity of shipwrecks from the Southern Bight of the North Sea. PhD Thesis. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturellles de Belgique/Université Catholique de Louvain: Louvain-la-Neuve. 343 pp.
- Loppens, K. (1906). Bryozoaires marins et fluviatiles de la Belgique. Annales de la Société Royale Zoologique et Malacologique de Belgique 41: 286-321.
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Habitat
provided by World Register of Marine Species
infralittoral and circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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