Definition: Eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light. Lens-like structures may be present, but stemmata, unlike lens eyes, cannot form an image, either for lack of refractive power or retinal resolution.
Definition: The presence of short wings, not functional as organs of flight. Micropterous (used inconsitently in the literature) is here treated as a synonym of brachypterous.
