Leathery Grape Fern

Botrychium californicum Underw. Torreya 5 : 107. 1905
Botrychium silaifolium Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 30 : 51. 1903. Not B. silaifolium Presl, 1825. Sceptridium californicum Ivyon, Bot. Gaz. 40 : 457. 1905.
Plant 32-65 cm. high, lax ; bud hairy, entirely enclosed ; commonstalk rather short ; lamina with a stalk 7-15 cm. long, more or less deltoid, but usually irregular in outline, drooping, acute or obtuse, 10-28 cm. long, 11-40 cm. broad, 4-6 times pinnately or subternately divided, the primary divisions oblong to deltoid, the penultimate divisions oblong, pinnately divided into 1-3 pairs of broad, oblique, ovate to rhombic, mostly acute, lateral segments, and acute, rhomboid tips, the outer margins of the segments entire or bluntly serrulate ; sporophyl 28-60 cm. long, the panicle diffuse ; spores maturing from May to June.
Type locality : Quincy, Plumas County, California.
Distribution : California.

Botrychium coulteri Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25 : 537. 1898
Sceptridium Coulteri lijon, Bot. Gaz. 40: 457. 1905.
Plant 14-27 cm. high, very stout and fleshy in all parts, strict ; bud hairy, entirely enclosed; commonstalk short, hypogean; lamina with a stalk 1.5-4 cm. long, broadly deltoid to pentagonal, obtuse, 6-14 cm. long, 8.5-20 cm. broad, about 4 times pinnately or subternately divided, the primary divisions crowded and imbricate, oblong to deltoid, the penultimate divisions oblong, pinnately divided into 2-5 pairs of oblique, broadly oblong or ovate, mostly acute or acutish lateral segments, and ovate to rhomboid, acutish tips, the margins of the segments entire or undulate; sporophyl 11-22.5 cm. high, the panicle short and compact ; spores maturing from August to September.
Type locality : Yellowstone National Park. Distribution : Montana and Wyoming to Oregon.

Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spreng. Syst
Veg. 4: 23. 1827.
Osmunda Matricariae Schrank, Baier. Fl. 2 : 419. 1789. Botrychium rutaceum Sw. Jour. Bot. Schrad. I8OO2 : 110. 1801. Botrychium matricarioides Willd. Sp. Pi. 5 : 62. 1810. Botrychium rutaefolium A. Br.; Doll, Rhein. Fl. 24. 1843. Botrychium Breynii Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 252. 1846. Sceptridium Matricariae tyon, Bot. Gaz. 40 : 458. 1905.
Plant 5-25 cm. high, the rhizome erect ; bud hairy, entirely enclosed ; commonstalk short, hypogean ; lamina with a stalk usually more than 2 cm. long (1-5.5), broadly deltoid or pentagonal, acute or obtuse, 1.3-5 cm. long, 1.8-7 cm. broad, 3-4 times pinnately or subternately divided, the primary divisions ovate-lanceolate to deltoid or pentagonal, the penultimate divisions ovate-lanceolate to deltoid-ovate, pinnately divided into crowded, oblique, ovate, acute lateral segments, and broader rhomboid tips, the margins of the segments entire or finely crenulate ; sporophyl 5.5-21 cm. long, the stalk 4.7-16.5 cm. long, the panicle usually compact ; spores maturing about September.
Type locality : Germany.
Distribution : Nova Scotia and Quebec to Vermont and Wisconsin ; also in :Europe.

Botrychium silaifolium Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 : 76. 1825
Botrychium. rutaefolium robusium Rupr.; Milde, Nova Acta Acad. IvCop. -Carol. 26 : 763. 1858.
Botrychium. occidentale Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25 : 538. 1898.
Botrychium. ohliquum. interm-edium. Underw. Our Nat. Ferns ed. 6. 72. 1900.
Botrychium robustum Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 30 : 51. 1903.
Sceptridium silaifolium. I^yon, Bot. Gaz. 40 : 458. 1905.
Sceptridium robui,tum Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 40 : 458. 1905.
Plant 10-50 cm. high, rather stout, strict; bud hairy, entirely enclosed; commonstalk short, hypogean ; lamina with a stalk 3-15 cm. long, broadly deltoid to pentagonal, acute or obtuse, 5-20 cm. long, 7-30 cm. broad, 3-4 times pinnately or subternately divided, the primary divisions oblong or oblong-lanceolate to deltoid or pentagonal, the penultimate divisions oblong-lanceolate, pinnately divided into 2-5 pairs of oblique, oblong, narrowly elliptic or sometimes ovate, decurrent, lateral segments, and broader, rhomboid tips, the margins of the segments crenulate ; sporophyl 8-45 cm. long, the panicle diffuse ; spores maturing from July to September.
Type locality : Nootka Sound, British Columbia.
Distribution : Maine and New York to Wisconsin, west to Alaska and northern California.