Dinophyceae

Fig 1: Dinophysis sacculus Schematic diagram (ventral view)from Stein 1883.

Sinophysis (sine-o-fi/fu-sis) ebriolum (Herdman) Balech 1956. The image on the left shows a cell in right lateral view. The cell is laterally compressed. The epicone is much smaller than the hypocone. The image on the right shows a cell in a mid-focal plane. The cells contain no plastids. The cells are thecate and have cingular lists.

Durinskia (dew-rink-see-a) baltica (Levander 1894) Carty and Cox 1986. The images show cells in ventral view. The red stigma is visible in the sulcal area. The plastids are yellow-brown and multiple. The cingulum is in the middle of the cell.

Pfiesteria (fist-ear-ee-a) small colourless dinoflagellate equatorial girdle in which one flagellum lies, another trailing. Probably misleading reports in the literature suggest that this organism has very polymorphic life cycles - held to be misleading because the case is based on non-pure cultures and supporting evidence includes images of taxa which clearly are related to other kinds of organisms. In certain areas within the US, this organism is held to be a major environmental threat because it is said to cause fish kills, but the less hysterical perspective is that the organism, with limited variation in form, may attack damaged tissue and eat it - hence the association with unhappy fish. Because of the issues of putative toxicity, correct identification needs expert input, which can be obtained from other sites such as IOC Harmful Algal Bloom Program. Differential interference microscopy. data on this strain.

Togula britannica (Herdman) Flo Jorgensen, Murray et Daugbjerg 2004

Sinophysis microcephalus observed in marine muds and sandy sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using phase contrast optics.   This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.

Ceratium fusus.

Exuviaella lima.

Galende, Castile and Len, Spain

Grove, O, Galicia, Spain

Peniscola, Valencia, Spain

Grove, O, Galicia, Spain

Sobrado, Galicia, Spain

Ribadelago, Castille and Leon, Spain

Vilagarca de Arousa, Galicia, Spain

First depiction of the dinoflagellate now know as Ceratium fusus by Christian Ehrenberg in 1834 as Peridinium fusus.

Formentera, Illes Balears, Espaa

Histioneis elongata from the South Pacific, Tara Oceans Expedition station 111. Lugol's-fixed specimen, z-stack of images made using a 40x objective & DIC optics.

Ceratium furca from the Bay of Villefranche. Living cell, note that the trailing flagella was rotating.

Melgar de Tera, Castille and Leon, Spain

Ribadelago de Franco, Castille and Leon, Spain

Illa de Arousa, A, Galicia, Spain