Bermuda Night Shrimp

Processa bermudensis (Rankin)

Nika bermudensis Rankin, 1900:536, pl. 17: figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Processa bermudensis.—Manning and Chace, 1971:15, figs. 6, 7.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Harrington Sound, Bermudas.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bermudas and North Carolina to northwestern Florida, Cuba, and Puerto Rico; sublittoral.

*208. Processa fimbriata Manning and Chace

Processa fimbriata Manning and Chace, 1971:19, figs. 8–10.

MATERIAL.—Saba Bank (Sta. 106–56: 1 , 1 ). —Antigua Island (Sta. 73–56: 1 ).—Guadeloupe (Sta. 70–56: 1 ).—Dominica (Sta. 55–56: 1 ; Sta. 62–56: 3 ; Sta. 75–59: 1 ).—Tobago Cays (Sta. 22–56: 1 ovig. ).—Tobago (Sta. 8–59: 1 ovig. ; Sta. 31–59: 1 , 3 ovig.).—Isla de Cozumel (Sta. 34–60: 1 ).—Bahía de la Ascensión (Sta. 67–60: 1 , 1 juv.; Sta. 72–60: 1 ovig. , 1 juv.; Sta. 85–60: 3 , 2 ; Sta. 87–60: 2 , 1 ovig. , 1 juv.; Sta. 95–60: 2 , 3 , 1?).—Bahía del Espíritu Santo (Sta. 35–60: 3 juv.).

HABITAT.—Most of these specimens were found on coral flats and among coral encrusted rocks from the littoral zone to a depth of 13 meters.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off East Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina to Brazil; sublittoral to 37 meters.

Processa bermudensis (Rankin, 1900)

Nika bermudensis Rankin, 1900: 536, pl. 17: figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Processa canaliculata.—Rathbun, 1901: 104 [part, records for Bermuda and Key West only; listed].—Schmitt, 1935: 169, fig. 32 [part; Bermuda record only].—Chace, 1937: 56 [listed; ? part].—Monod, 1939: 557.

Processa canaliculata var. bermudensis.—Verrill, 1922: 138, pl. 16: figs. 6–6b, pl. 35: figs. 1–1g, pl. 41: fig. 4, pl. 47: figs. 8, 8a, 8b [? part; some figures possibly of P. processa, from Bate, 1888].

Processa bermudensis.—Gurney, 1936: 624, pl. 5: figs. 44–52, pl. 6: figs. 53–62 [larvae], pl. 7: figs. 63–68 [larvae]; 1937: 87 [listed].—Lebour, 1941: 401, 410, figs. 28–33.—Holthuis, 1959: 120 [discussion].—Williams, 1965: 86, fig. 70.

Processa ? bermudensis.—O'Gower and Wacasey, 1967:209 [listed].

Processa sp. Rouse, 1970: 140 [part].

MATERIAL.—l ; Bermuda; G. Brown Goode; 1876–1877; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9; Bermuda, Saint George's Island, Ferry Point, grass flats on eastern side of point; push net; afternoon; L. K. and R. B. Manning, col.; 18 April 1970; USNM.—5 ; same; night collection; L. K. and R. B. Manning, col.; 18 April 1970; USNM.—l , 2 (1 ovigerous); same; grass flats on western side of point; push net; at night; L. K. and R. B. Manning, col.; 18 April 1970; USNM.—3 (2 ovigerous); Florida, Dade County, Miami, Virginia Key, Bear Cut; sewage beach, north of causeway; pushnet; R. B. Manning, col.; 4 May 1961; USNM.—7 ovigerous ; Florida, Dade County, Miami, Biscayne Bay; bait shrimp trawl; M. McBean, col.; 29 July 1959; USNM.—11 ovigerous ; same; 4 August 1959; USNM.—l , 2 ovigerous ; same; shrimp trawl; B. Retskin, col.; 7 July 1960; USNM.—1 ovigerous ; Florida, Monroe County, Key West; H. Hemphill, col.; 1885; USNM.—1 ovigerous ; Florida, Monroe County, Dry Tortugas, off west side of Bush Key Reef; from Halimeda; 20 August 1924; USNM.—1 ; Florida, Monroe County, Everglades National Park, Buttonwood Canal; D. Dubrow, A. Jones, col.; 4–5 April 1962; USNM.—5 (1 ovigerous); Florida, mouth of Tampa Bay, Egmont Key; trawl; Carl H. Saloman, col., station K-3; 21 December 1962; USNM.—6 ; same; 13 December 1963; USNM.—9 damaged specimens; Florida, Levy County, Cedar Key; H. Hemphill, col.; December 1883; USNM.—1 ; same; Amphioxus dredge; M. Wass, col.; 10 March 1956; USNM.—1 ovigerous ; Cuba, Cabanas; on mud, shell, and grass bottom; poisoned with copper sulphate; Tomas Barrera Expedition station 16; 8 June 1914; USNM.—1 ovigerous ; Cuba, Matanzas Province, Varadero, Cardenas Bay, off 61st Street; W. L. Schmitt, col.; 19 January 1957; USNM.—8, 7 ovigerous ; Puerto Rico, Lajas, La Parguera, east side of Maguey Island; evening, after dark, with push net on shallow Thalassia flats; R. B. Manning station PR 6–61; 24 June 1961; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine absent. Stylocerite rounded laterally, unarmed. (Right pereiopod of first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods lacking exopods.) Second legs asymmetrical, right longer. Right second pereiopod with 10–15 meral and 19–29 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 3–4 meral and 13–15 carpal articles. Carpus of fifth pereiopod longer than propodus. Fifth abdominal somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 6b, c) almost straight, not extending beyond eye; apex slightly deflexed, bifid, lower tooth longer, bifurcation obscured by several long setae; lower margin of rostrum convex proximally, concave distally. Lower orbital angle inconspicuous, rounded. Antennal spine absent. Lower anterior angle of carapace broadly rounded (Figure 6a).

Abdomen (Figure 6d) smooth, surface sparsely setose, ventral margins of pleura lined with fine setae. Fifth abdominal somite rounded posterolaterally. Sixth abdominal somite less than twice as long as fifth, bluntly angled posterolaterally; lobe above articulation of uropod rounded, unarmed. Telson (Figure 6e) about 1½ times as long as sixth abdominal somite, length 2½ to 3 times greatest width, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of distal spines; anterior pair of dorsal spines of telson set in proximal fourth, posterior spines at midlength; distance between anterior margin and anterior pair of dorsal spines less than ½ the distance between pairs of dorsal spines; outer of distal spines (Figure 6f) stronger, ventromesial flanked mesially by strong plumose seta; apex of telson produced into sharp median point.

Eye (Figure 6a) moderately large; cornea width less than length of stalk and cornea combined, slightly more than twice greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 6g) extending beyond rostrum by distal 2 segments and ½ of proximal segment, proximal segment longer than distal segments combined, ultimate segment 9/10 the length of penultimate segment; proximal segment of antennular peduncle with ventral spine, set slightly beyond midlength. Stylocerite obtusely rounded laterally, inner margin projecting farther than outer, unarmed. Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule 2/3 as long as carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting of 12–17 articles and amounting to 2/3-4/5 of length, slender distal portion consisting of 5–11 articles; ventromesial flagellum 2–3 times as long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure 6h) extending to or almost to end of antennular peduncle, length of scale about 5 2/3 times greatest breadth; distal spine of scale overreaching blade. Antennal peduncle extending about to midlength of second segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment of antenna lacking ventrolateral spine. Antennal flagellum about 4 times carapace length.

Third maxilliped (Figure 6o) overreaching antennal scale by distal and ½ of penultimate segments; ultimate segment with some short spines on surface, apex acute; ultimate segment equal to or shorter than penultimate, less than ½ as long as proximal segment; exopod well developed. Posterior margin of molar process of mandible with row of 9 spines. Other mouthparts (Figures 6i–n) as figured.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 7a) chelate, overreaching antennal scale by about ½ the length of fingers; fingers about 2/3 the length of palm; carpus subequal to palm; merus as long as carpus and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first pair (Figure 7b) with simple dactyl, overreaching antennal scale by nearly entire dactyl; dactyl about 1/3 the length of propodus; carpus about 2/3 the length of propodus; merus as long as carpus and propodus combined. Arthrobranchs not visible at base of first pereiopods. Second pereiopods (Figures 7c, d) unequal, right longer, overreaching antennal scale by chela and nearly all of carpus; merocarpal articulation of right pereiopod extending beyond eye; ischium with 5 indistinct, merus with 10–15, and carpus with 19–29 articles; fingers about 4/5 as long as palm; carpus almost 6 times as long as chela; merus slightly more than 3 times as long as chela; ischium slightly longer than merus. Left pereiopod of second pair overreaching antennal scale by chela and slightly less than ½ of carpus; ischium undivided, merus with 3–4 and carpus with 13–15 articles; fingers subequal to palm; carpus slightly more than 6 times as long as chela; merus about 4 times as long as chela; ischium slightly shorter than merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 7e) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and ½ of carpus; dactyl (Figure 7f) slender, simple, with subapical setae; propodus about 3 2/3 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, surface ornamented with scattered short setae, longer tufts at apex; carpus 1 2/3 times as long as propodus, unarmed, with scattered short setae on surface; merus about 1½ times as long as propodus, with 4–5 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium about 2/3 as long as merus, with 2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length of propodus and carpus of third pereiopod slightly greater than that of ischium and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 7g) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and ½ of carpus; dactyl (Figure 7h) slender, simple, with subapical tufts of setae; propodus slightly more than 4 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, ornamented with few short setae on surface and longer distal tufts; outer margin of propodus not markedly more setose in males than females; carpus about 1½ times as long as propodus, unarmed, ornamented with few surface setae; merus about 1¼ times as long as propodus, with 4–8 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus, with 2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length of carpus and propodus of fourth pereiopod greater than that of ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 7i) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and propodus; dactyl (Figure 7j) slender, simple, apex obscured by long setae; propodus more than 3½ times as long as dactyl, ornamented with scattered short setae on surface and 3 spines on flexor margin; outer margin of propodus not markedly more setose in males than in females; carpus slightly longer than propodus, unarmed; merus about 1¼ times as long as propodus, unarmed; ischium shorter than merus, unarmed; combined length of propodus and carpus of fifth pereiopod greater than that of ischium and merus.

Endopod of first male pleopod (Figures 7k, l) about half as long as exopod, tapering distally, apex acute, setose, retinacular lobe well developed. Appendix masculina of second male pleopod (Figures 7n, o) with row of spinules on lateral margin, and with 4 distal and 2 subdistal spinules. Abdominal sternites unarmed. Outer margin of uropodal exopod (Figure 6e) terminating in blunt, triangular projection, with stronger mesial movable spine; exopod with suture at level of outer tooth, dorsal surface marked with blunt, triangular tooth or lobe on each side anterior to suture. Eggs small and numerous, 0.4–0.5 mm in diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 2.4–3.4 mm; of females, 3.3–5.8 mm; of ovigerous females, 3.3–5.7 mm.

COLOR.—Background light with many small, red chromatophores and fewer, larger white ones scattered over body; eyes light green; distal segment of third maxilliped and bases of third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods and pleopods red; abdomen with transverse red bar across third somite; eggs yellowish.

Shallow-waters (0-100 m)

Hard bottom (rock and rubbles)