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Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / open feeder
caterpillar of Abraxas grossulariata grazes on live leaf of Euonymus
Remarks: season: 4-6
Other: minor host/prey

Foodplant / gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes gall of stem (esp. base) of Euonymus

Foodplant / sap sucker
densely clustered Aphis fabae sucks sap of often stunted, curled shoot (young) of Euonymus
Remarks: season: early spring

Foodplant / spinner
caterpillar of Cacoecimorpha pronubana spins live leaf of Euonymus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium of Diaporthe eres is saprobic on wood of Euonymus

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, stromatic perithecium of Eutypella scoparia is saprobic on dead branch of Euonymus
Remarks: season: 1-4

Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph of Helminthosporium velutinum is saprobic on fallen, dead branch of Euonymus

Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal adult of Otiorhynchus sulcatus grazes on leaf (edge) of Euonymus
Other: major host/prey

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / sap sucker
hypophyllous Pulvinaria floccifera sucks sap of live leaf of Euonymus

Foodplant / spot causer
Strawberry Latent Ringspot virus causes spots on live leaf of Euonymus
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / sap sucker
hypophyllous male of Unaspis euonymi sucks sap of live leaf of Euonymus
Other: minor host/prey

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Euonymus

provided by wikipedia EN

Euonymus /jˈɒnɪməs/ is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. Common names vary widely among different species and between different English-speaking countries, but include spindle (or spindle tree), burning-bush, strawberry-bush, wahoo, wintercreeper, or simply euonymus. It comprises about 130 species[2][3] of deciduous and evergreen shrubs, small trees and lianas. They are mostly native to East Asia, extending to the Himalayas,[4] and they are also distributed in Europe, Australasia, North America, and Madagascar. 50 species are endemic to China.[2]

Description

The inconspicuous flowers occur in small groups, and can be green, yellow, pink or maroon in color depending on species.[4] The leaves are opposite (rarely alternate) and simple ovoid, typically 2–15 cm long, and usually with a finely serrated margin. The fruit is a pink or white four- or five-valved pod-like berry, which splits open to reveal the fleshy-coated orange or red seeds.

The seeds are eaten by frugivorous birds, which digest the fleshy seed coat and disperse the seeds in their droppings. Many species are used for medicinal use, and parts of the plants can be poisonous to humans.[5]

Cultivation and uses

Mature spindle fruit (Euonymus sp.), split open to reveal the seeds

The wood of some species was traditionally used for the making of spindles for spinning wool;[6] this use is the origin of the British English name of the shrubs.

Euonymus are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the deciduous species often exhibiting very bright red autumnal colours, and also for the decorative berries. However, Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus or burning-bush) is considered an invasive species in the woodlands of the northeastern United States.

Diversity

Euonymus fortunei in a nursery
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euonymus.

Species include:[7]

References

  1. ^ "Genus: Euonymus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  2. ^ a b Euonymus. Flora of China.
  3. ^ a b c d Du, C., et al. (2013). Revision of three species of Euonymus (Celastraceae) from China. Phytotaxa 109(1) 45-53.
  4. ^ a b Botanica: The Illustrated A-Z of over 10000 Garden Plants and How to Cultivate Them. Könemann, 2004. pg. 358. ISBN 3-8331-1253-0
  5. ^ Plants for a Future: Euonymus europaeus
  6. ^ Clapham, A. R. (1975). The Oxford Book of Trees. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.31.
  7. ^ Euonymus Species List. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
  8. ^ a b "Euonymus". The Plant List. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  9. ^ Siebold's spindle, iNaturalist
  10. ^ Dwarf strawberry bush, iNaturalist
  11. ^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 463. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  12. ^ a b c d Ma, J. (1998). New species of Asian Euonymus (Celastraceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 3(2) 231-37.

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Euonymus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Euonymus /juːˈɒnɪməs/ is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. Common names vary widely among different species and between different English-speaking countries, but include spindle (or spindle tree), burning-bush, strawberry-bush, wahoo, wintercreeper, or simply euonymus. It comprises about 130 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs, small trees and lianas. They are mostly native to East Asia, extending to the Himalayas, and they are also distributed in Europe, Australasia, North America, and Madagascar. 50 species are endemic to China.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
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visit source
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wikipedia EN