Comprehensive Description
provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) paeninsulanus (Faxon)
Cambarus Clarkii.—Faxon, 1884:136(?) [in part]; 1885a:26, 157, 167, 173 [in part].
Cambarus clarkii.—Harris, 1903a:58, 82, 137, 143 [in part].
Cambarus (Cambarus) clarki.—Ortmann, 1905a:105 (?) [in part].
Cambarus clarkii paeninsulanus Faxon, 1914:369, 414.—Hobbs, 1942b:9; 1942c:57, figs. 13, 14; 1974a:15.
Cambarus clarkipaenensulanus.—Hobbs, 1937:154 [erroneous spelling].
Cambarus clarki paeninsulanus.—Goodnight, 1941:72, 73.
Procambarus clarkii paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1942a:342 [by implication]; 1942b:104.
Procambarus paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1942b:14, 15, 20, 21, 25, 31, 45, 66, 68, 71, 72, 87, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105* [in part], 106*, 107, 109, 112, 113, 116, 118, 123, 128, 145, 155, 166, 170–172, figs. 106–110; 1952b:165, 173*, fig. 3*; 1959:885*; 1962:290*, 291, fig. 62; 1966b:70; 1968b:K-10*, fig. 22d; 1969b:343*.—Hobbs and Marchand, 1943:22.—Hoff, 1944:337*, 340, 349, 356.—Dickinson, 1949:23.—Hobbs and Hart, 1959:148, 154, 158–162, 164, 166, 168, 170–171, 174–176, 178, 184, 185, 188, fig. 18.—Hart, 1959:195, 198, 201, 203, 204*.—Hoffman, 1963:330*.—Anonymous, 1967h, tab. 3*; 1972f:194*; 1973a:50*, 52*; 1973c:60*, 68*.—Hobbs III, 1969:41, 45, 62.—Caine, 1974b:3, 5, 7–9, 14–16, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26, 30, 33, 34, 36–38, 42, 45, 47–49, 51–54, 56, 59, 60, 62, 69, figs, 1b, 4b, 5a.—Hobbs and Hall, 1974:202, 204*.—Hart and Hart, 1974:27, 28*, 32, 87, 88*, 90, 96, 128, 129*, 131*.—Franz, 1977a:93.—Wharton, 1978:220*.
Procambarus troglodytes.—Kilby, 1945:84.—Penn, 1950b:647, 650.
Procambarus paeninsulanis.—Anonymous, 1967b, tab. 3* [erroneous spelling].
Cambarus paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1972a:12.
Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1972a: 12, figs. 1e,f, 2n, 3b, 17a–g, 1972b:71*, 151*, 154*, figs. 5e, 6b, 56b; 1974b:65–66*, fig. 280; 1977a:419.—Bouchard, 1976c:14.—Hobbs, Hobbs, and Daniel, 1977:148.
Procambarus paeninsulans.—Hart and Hart, 1974:128* [erroneous spelling].
Procambaris paeninsulanus.—Wharton, 1978:46* [erroneous spelling].
The above citations are believed to constitute a complete bibliography of the species. References to its occurrence in Georgia are marked by asterisks.
SUMMARY OF LITERATURE.—Faxon (1884) cited Florida as one of the states in which Girard's (1852) Cambarus Clarkii had been found and in 1885 (a) recorded it from two localities in Florida—“Pensacola” and “three miles below Horse Landing, St. John's River.” On the basis of these, both Harris (1903a) and Ortmann (1905a) recorded the occurrence of the species in Florida. Faxon (1914) presented a brief diagnosis of Cambarus clarkii paeninsulanus, employing the specimens from the second locality listed above as types. No further references to the species appeared in the literature until Hobbs (1937:154), in summarizing notes on the crayfishes in the northern peninsular region of Florida, stated that this crayfish “inhabits the small springs and sandy bottom creeks where it often burrows into the clay or mud banks.” In 1942 (a), Hobbs (by implication) referred this crayfish to the genus Procambarus, and later in the same year (b), he presented an account of its occurrence in Florida and Georgia and also described the Pensacola population, previously referred to by Faxon (1884, 1885a, 1885b: 357), as Procambarus okaloosae. The summary treatment of this crayfish by Hobbs (1942b), except for subsequent locality records, includes most of what is known about the species at the present time. In it, he presented a diagnosis, discussed its affinities, commented on variations, and reviewed in some detail the geographic and ecological distribution in Florida and Georgia, recording it from the following counties in the latter: Baker, Camden, Colquitt, Dougherty, Grady, Liberty, Thomas, and Lowndes. (The Liberty County record was based on a misidentified specimen of Procambarus (S.) troglodytes.) These county records include parts of all of the drainage basins in Georgia, except the Aucilla, in which P. (S.) paeninsulanus is now known to occur. Additional Georgia records have been reported subsequently from several counties as follows: Berrien (Anonymous, 1967b, 1973c), Calhoun (Hobbs and Hart, 1959), Camden, Colquitt, and Thomas (Hart and Hart, 1974), Cook (Anonymous, 1973c), Decatur and Early (Hobbs and Hart, 1959; Hart and Hart, 1974), Grady (Hobbs and Hart, 1959; Anonymous, 1973a), Miller (Hobbs and Hart, 1959; Anonymous, 1972f), Mitchell (Hobbs and Hart, 1959), Seminole (Hobbs and Hart, 1959; Hoffman, 1963), and Ware (Anonymous, 1967h). The occurrence of the species in Alabama has been reported by Hobbs and Hart (1959) and Bouchard (1976c). In an effort to express his views on the interrelationships of the members of the genus Procambarus, the largest of the crayfish genera, Hobbs (1972a) recognized several subgenera and assigned this crayfish to the subgenus Scapulicambarus. Hobbs and Hall (1974) stated that in preliminary experiments to determine the lower limits of oxygen concentrations tolerated by members of this species, individuals died at 1.7 to 2.3 mg/l, but in Okapilco Creek, a tributary of the Suwannee River, it occurred abundantly in an area in which the oxygen concentration was 1.5 mg/l. In the same locality a measure of 2.5 mg/l had been obtained a few days before, thus the depletion indicated by 1.5 mg/l could have been of short duration. Caine (1974b), comparing adaptations of P. (S.) paeninsulanus with other epigean and troglobitic crayfishes in northern Florida, presented valuable data on factors involved in its exploitation of environments there. Hobbs, Hobbs, and Daniel (1977) noted its occurrence in a cave in the Florida panhandle. A summary of the branchiobdellid worms and entocytherid ostracods harbored by this crayfish is presented in Appendix 2.
DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum usually with marginal spines, tubercles, or angles at base of acumen and lacking median carina. Carapace with 1 pair of cervical spines or tubercles. Areola 6.5 to 19.0 (average 13.2) times as long as broad and constituting 29.1 to 35.6 (average 32.8) percent of entire length of carapace (40.1 to 45.5, average 43.2, percent of postorbital carapace length). Antennal peduncle with spine (rarely reduced to tubercle) on ischium. Ventral surface of basis and ischium of third maxilliped lacking dense plumose setae. Basis of cheliped without mesial spine. Mesial surface of palm of chela bearing row of 6 to 9 (usually 7) prominent tubercles. Male with simple hooks on ischia of third and fourth pereiopods, that on fourth opposed by tubercle on corresponding basis, and conspicuous caudomesial bosses on coxae of fourth and fifth pereiopods. First pleopods asymmetrical and reaching coxae of third pereiopods; cephalic surface of left member of pair with highly variable shoulder (that on right member folded caudomesially in first form male) at base of distal third of shaft, latter with convex caudal margin distal to level of shoulder; subapical setae few in number and situated laterally; mesial process rather slender, acute, and directed caudally to caudodistally; cephalic process acute to rounded distally, its apex directed caudodistally, and base cephalolateral to, and partly hooding, central projection; central projection dentiform and strongly sclerotized, with apex directed caudodistally to caudally; caudal element consisting of (1) small caudal knob (often absent) situated on distal caudolateral surface of appendage at base of (2) corneous caudal process; latter somewhat lamellate and closely applied to caudolateral surface of central projection; and (3) corneous adventitious process forming ridge extending along caudal and mesial base of central projection. Female usually with annulus ventralis completely exposed, rarely minute parts hidden in ventral aspect by pair of small symmetrically arranged tubercles projecting from sternum immediately cephalic to annulus; first pleopod present.
MALE, FORM I (from 2.0 miles south of Folkston on State Route 121, Charlton County, Georgia).—Body (Figure 189a,i) subovate, compressed laterally. Abdomen narrower than thorax (14.2 and 15.3 mm). Width and height of carapace subequal at caudodorsal margin of cervical groove (15.3 and 15.6 mm). Areola 9.9 times as long as broad, with 2 punctations in narrowest part. Cephalic section of carapace 2.2 times as long as areola, length of latter 33.1 percent of total length of carapace (43.8 percent of postorbital carapace length). Rostrum subplane dorsally, with slender convergent margins bearing small spines at base of acumen; upper surface with scattered punctations between submarginal rows; acumen clearly defined basally and reaching anteriorly beyond midlength of ultimate podomere of antennular peduncle; subrostral ridges weak and evident in dorsal view along no more than basal fifth of rostrum. Postorbital ridge well defined, grooved dorsolaterally, and ending cephalically in small spine. Suborbital angle rudimentary. Branchiostegal spine clearly defined. Carapace punctate dorsally and granulotuberculate laterally, tubercles flanking cervical groove in anteroventral branchiostegal area slightly larger than most others; cervical spine comparatively small. Abdomen slightly longer than carapace (37.0 and 35.6 mm). Cephalic section of telson with 3 spines in each caudolateral corner, mesial and lateral ones fixed. Uropods with both lobes of basal podomere bearing corneous spine; mesial ramus with distinct spine on lateral margin and distomedian one far removed from margin; lateral ramus with usual row of small spines immediately proximal to transverse suture and larger ones at lateral extremity of suture. Cephalic lobe of epistome (Figure 189g) broadly rounded with anterolateral margins slightly undulating, ventral surface plane with few punctations; main body with median furrow extending posteriorly from fovea; epistomal zygoma arched. Antennule of usual form, with prominent spine at midlength of ventral surface. Antennal peduncle with acute lateral spine on basis and strong ventral one on ischium, flagellum extending caudally short distance beyond posterior margin of telson; antennal scale (Figure 189h) almost 2.6 times as long as wide, broadest at about midlength where lamellate section distinctly broader than thickened lateral part, latter terminating in moderately strong corneous-tipped spine. Third maxilliped with ventral surface of ischium not studded with conspicuous mat of long plumose setae, only those on mesial half of podomere long, most plumose setae very short, few long ones situated proximomesially.
Right chela (Figure 189k) about 3.5 times as long as broad, subovate in cross section, depressed. Mesial surface of palm with row of 6 tubercles subtended dorsally by another row of 6 and ventrally by row of 3; entire palm studded with tubercles. Fixed finger with rounded median longitudinal elevation dorsally and ventrally, flanked by tubercles in proximal fifth and setiferous punctations along remainder of length; lateral margin of finger with similar row of punctations; opposable margin with row of 13 tubercles along proximal two-thirds of finger, all very small except third from base, additional large tubercle present on lower level at base of distal third, and broad band of minute denticles, interrupted by third tubercle from base, extending from base of finger to corneous tip. Dactyl with dorsal and ventral surfaces similar to those of fixed finger, mesial surface with row of tubercles, decreasing in size distally, along basal third; opposable margin with dorsal row of 6 very small tubercles along basal two-fifths and ventral row of 4 larger tubercles in second fifth from base, first in latter row largest, minute denticles along distal three-fourths of fingers arranged in broad band, single row to narrow band in proximal fourth, band interrupted by ventral row of tubercles.
Carpus of right cheliped longer than broad (9.7 and 5.7 mm), tuberculate mesially and dorsomesially; subspiniform tubercle situated on distal dorsomesial margin, another near midlength of mesial surface, 1 on ventromesial angle and another on distal ventrolateral articular condyle.
Merus of right cheliped tuberculate dorsally, ventrally, and distomesially, otherwise punctate; dorsal surface with 2 spiniform tubercles situated short distance proximal to distal extremity; ventral surface with irregular (in size and position) lateral row of 14 tubercles, more regular mesial row of 15 increasing in size distally, and oblique distal row of 4 joining mesial and lateral rows; distal members of latter 2 rows strong and spiniform. Ischium with row of 4 small tubercles mesially.
Hooks on ischia of third and fourth pereiopods (Figure 189j), both simple, and that on third overreaching basioischial articulation, neither opposed by tubercle on basis. Coxa of fourth pereiopod with prominent vertically disposed caudomesial boss; that on coxa of fifth much smaller and compressed.
Sternum between third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods moderately deep and bearing fringe of plumose setae on ventrolateral margins.
First pleopod (Figure 189b,f,l) as described in “Diagnosis.”
FEMALE.—Differing from first form male, other than in secondary sexual characters, as follows: cephalic section of telson with 4 spines (lateral and 2 more mesial ones fixed) in dextral corner; epistome more nearly cordiform with ventral surface convex; chela (Figure 183g) about 2.7 times as long as broad, mesial margin of palm with row of 7 tubercles; opposable margin of fixed finger with row of 11 tubercles, second from base largest and width of band of minute denticles much reduced (proximally to single staggered row); opposable margin of dactyl with 1 row of 10 tubercles, fourth from base largest and distal 6 diminishing in size distally (finger conspicuously broader at level of fourth tubercle than more proximally), and minute denticles arranged in single row along almost entire length of finger; most tubercles on carpus more nearly acute; 3 prominent spiniform tubercles on dorsodistal surface of merus, and ventrolateral and ventromesial rows of 13 and 15 tubercles, respectively; mesial surface of ischium with 5 tubercles. (See “Measurements.”)
Annulus ventralis (Figure 189d) subspindle shaped, approximately 2.7 times as wide as long; weakly sculptured ventral surface with submedian depression; sinus originating near cephalomedian margin, extending caudally and slightly dextrally before making almost right-angle turn, crossing median line before making 180-degree arc and returning to median line before curving caudally to end short distance anterior to caudal margin of annulus. Postannular sclerite subtriangular, about 2.3 times as long as wide, and two-thirds as long and almost 0.6 times as wide as annulus; ventral surface punctate and caudal band less sclerotized than remainder of sclerite. First pleopod reaching level of coxa of fourth pereiopod when abdomen flexed.
MALE, FORM II.—Differing from first form male in following respects: cephalic section of telson with only 2 spines in caudosinistral corner, mesial one movable; cephalolateral borders of epistome with 2 pairs of subacute tubercles; mesial surface of palm of chela with row of 7 tubercles and lateral half of palm punctate dorsally and ventrally (some punctations with withdrawn tubercles); opposable margin of fixed finger with row of 5 tubercles, basal one largest, and minute denticles forming single row; opposable margin of dactyl with tubercles in dorsal row exceedingly small, and minute denticles forming single row; ventral surface of merus with lateral row of 8 tubercles and mesial one of 13, only 1 tubercle representing oblique row. Hooks on ischia of third and fourth pereiopods and bosses on coxae of fourth and fifth pereiopods much reduced. (See “Measurements.”) First pleopod (Figure 189c,e) with shoulder on cephalic surface broadly rounded; all terminal elements represented, but cephalic process not clearly differentiated distally, and caudal knob and caudal process fused in 1 tuberculiform prominence; juvenile oblique suture present.
COLOR NOTES (Figure 182c).—Carapace dark brown dorsally, with pinkish suffusion and very small black spots; rostral margins, postorbital ridges, and 2 pairs of small spots in posterior gastric region black. Narrow pinkish band extending obliquely caudoventrally from antennal region across mandibular area, and irregular pink splotches in hepatic region. Branchiostegite with black longitudinal stripe laterally, extending from level opposite base of abdominal pleura to cervical groove; posteriorly stripe continuous with black area covering caudal flange and extending along ventral margin of branchiostegite; area between black stripe and ventral margin pink, with small black and cream spots. First abdominal tergum with paired black bars in cephalic half and in posterior half, area between bars dark pinkish brown; second through sixth terga with broad median pinkish brown stripe, narrowing posteriorly and ending on cephalic fourth of sixth; lateral part of second through fifth terga and remainder of sixth pink, with irregular cream splotch abutting median stripe and with tiny cream and brown flecks. Pink pleura delimited basally from corresponding terga by pinkish brown, ventrally undulating line, and anterior 3 pleura with oblique pinkish cream splotch. Telson and uropod also pinkish brown; former with lateral parts darker than median area and lateral articular areas and spines black; rami of uropod with black lateral margins and distal margin of proximal section of lateral ramus also black. Antennular and antennal peduncles pinkish, mottled with black; flagella olive brown, with pale articular rings; antennal scale pinkish cream, with dark brown lateral margin and slightly paler stripe flanking thickened area mesially. Chelipeds dark brown and with black and orange-tipped tubercles from midlength of merus to bases of fingers; tubercles on dorsal surface of palm mostly orange; fingers of chela very dark olive brown, with orange-tipped tubercles basally, distal parts of fingers cream; ventral surface of chelipeds except for brownish fingers mostly orange. Remaining pereiopods pale olive from ischium distally, merus and carpus slightly darker than other podomeres. Ventral region of body pinkish cream.
In specimens from Early County, carapace olive, marked with red spots in gastric region; areola red, and red granules on branchiostegites, latter lacking longitudinal dorsolateral strip; abdomen greenish tan, with paired, transverse, small reddish black markings on first and second terga and small somewhat oblique red ones dorsolaterally on third through sixth; second through fifth pleura with red anteroventral markings; telson and uropods greenish tan, flecked with red; distal podomeres of cheliped bright olive, with orange tubercles.
Measurements (mm)
Male, form I Female Male, form II
Carapace
Height 15.6 19.4 12.1
Width 15.3 19.8 11.9
Entire length 35.6 43.1 27.0
Postorbital length 26.9 33.0 20.1
- bibliographic citation
- Hobbs, Horton Holcombe, Jr. 1981. "The Crayfishes of Georgia." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-549. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.318
Comprehensive Description
provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) paeninsulanus (Faxon)
Cambarus clarkii paeninsulanus Faxon, 1914:369.
Cambarus clarkipaenensulanus.—Hobbs, 1937:154 [erroneous spelling].
Cambarus clarki paeninsulanus.—Goodnight, 1941:72.
Procambarus clarkii paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1942a:342 [by implication].
Procambarus paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1942b:104, figs. 106–110.—Caine, 1974:7, 14, 36, 47, figs. 1b, 4b, 5a.
Procambarus paeninsulanis.—Anonymous, 1967b, table 3 in unnumbered Appendix [erroneous spelling].
Cambarus paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1972a:12 [lapsus].
Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) paeninsulanus.—Hobbs, 1972a:12, figs. 1e, f, 2n, 3b, 17a–g; 1974b:65, fig. 280; 1981:475, figs. 16c, 182c, 183g, 185, 189–191, 261.
Procambarus paeninsulans.—Hart and Hart, 1974:128 [erroneous spelling].
Procambaris paeninsulanus.—Wharton, 1978:46 [erroneous spelling.]
TYPES.—Holotype, MCZ 3530 (male II); paratypes, MCZ, USNM.
TYPE LOCALITY.—Three miles (4.8 km) below Horse Landing, St. Johns River, Putnam County, Florida.
RANGE.—Southern Georgia, and Florida from the Choctawhatchee Basin east and south to Flagler, Marion, and Hillsboro counties.
HABITAT.—Lentic and lotic situations, and burrows (tertiary burrower); rarely in subterranean waters.
- bibliographic citation
- Hobbs, Horton Holcombe, Jr. 1989. "An Illustrated Checklist of the American Crayfishes (Decapoda, Astacidae, Cambaridae, Parastacidae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-236. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.480
