dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

provided by AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 23 years (wild) Observations: They stop growing after about 2 months.
license
cc-by-3.0
copyright
Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
editor
de Magalhaes, J. P.
partner site
AnAge articles

Morphology

provided by Animal Diversity Web

The Western Barbastelle is medium sized and has long black pelage with white or yellow tips. The underside of the body is somewhat paler. Fur covers parts of the uropatagium and the wings, and the tail is nearly as long as the body. It is distinguishable among other European bats by its short wide ears that face forward and connect across the brow. The female is significantly larger than the male; combined ranges of measurement are as follows: head and body, 45-60 mm; wingspan, 245-300; tail length, 36-52. (Nowak 1999, Rydell and Bogdanowicz 1997)

Range mass: 6 to 10 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
21.0 years.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Habitat

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Western Barbastelles typically occupy forested upland areas. During the summer months they are found roosting in domestic dwellings and hollow trees. Their winter hibernation habitat usually consists of fissures in underground structures such as caves and mines with low ambient temperatures and dry air. (Rydell and Bogdanowicz 1997)

Terrestrial Biomes: forest

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Barbastella barbastellus is distributed over most of Europe. It is also present in the southern half of Britain as well as islands of the Mediterranean, Morocco, and the Canary Islands.

Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native )

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Moths account for a majority of its diet (73-94% by weight in Germany and Switzerland), and there is an absence of dung beetles or other hard-bodied insects. Evidence suggests a gleaning or aerial-hawking method of hunting, with feeding usually taking place 4-5m above ground. (Rydell et al. 1996)

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Untitled

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Western Barbastelles presumably get their name from the Latin words "barba" and "stella," meaning star-beard and referring to the superficial star-shaped mustache apparent on the upper lip.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Behavior

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Barbastella barbastellus populations throughout Europe have been declining and it is now listed as vulnerable worldwide. It is disappearing in Western Europe due to the loss of hollow trees, habitat disruption and pollution. It is found only rarely throughout most of its habitat. (Nowak 1999, Stebbings and Griffith 1986)

US Federal List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Western Barbastelles consume large quantities of insects which may benefit humans in the surrounding areas.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction

provided by Animal Diversity Web

Females become sexually mature during their first year of life and give birth to usually one and sometimes two offspring. There is sexual segregation in the summer with fertile females forming colonies of 5-30 females. Mating seems to occur in the late summer and early autumn, but winter mating has been reported in parts of their range. Young are born from May to early August and reach full size in 8-9 weeks. (Rydell and Bogdanowicz 1997, Nowak 1999)

Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.

Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Average number of offspring: 2.

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
bibliographic citation
Reavill, C. 2000. "Barbastella barbastellus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Barbastella_barbastellus.html
author
Chris Reavill, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
author
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visit source
partner site
Animal Diversity Web

Biology

provided by Arkive
Barbastelle bats emerge at early dusk. They hunt low over water or at tree-top level with fast agile flight (2). They hunt small insects such as flies and moths on the wing (2) but can also glean spiders and insects from plants (3). They only take delicate small prey items, as the mouth has a narrow gape and the teeth are relatively weak (2). In their second year, females become sexually mature, and mating occurs in autumn. The females gather in maternity roosts or nurseries and give birth to one, or rarely two offspring. During this time, males form small groups and live away from the nurseries (2).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Conservation

provided by Arkive
The barbastelle bat is a priority species under English Nature's Species Recovery Programme and has a Species Action Plan that aims to enhance the current population by improving the age structure of woodlands to maximise roosting and foraging sites. Some of the hibernation sites occur in SSSIs or have been protected by grilling. The National Bat Monitoring Programme aims to determine base-line data on this species, and in Norfolk, Surrey and Devon, ongoing research aims to find roosts and determine more detailed habitat requirements of the barbastelle bat (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Description

provided by Arkive
This rare medium-sized bat has a short nose, small eyes and wide ears with a triangular shaped tragus. It has long silky fur, dark brown to black in colour with whitish tips giving the bat a frosted appearance (2). The wings are broad with grey-brown or black-brown membranes, and the tail membrane is extremely large (2). The scientific name Barbastella derives from the Latin for 'star beard' (4) (5); and refers to the delicate beard of frosted white hairs radiating out from the lower lip (6).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Habitat

provided by Arkive
Mainly a broadleaved woodland species, this bat roosts in old buildings and trees in summer and hibernates in hollow trees, in tunnels (8) or underground. In some areas woodlands close to water may be important (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Range

provided by Arkive
The barbastelle bat is widespread but rare throughout Europe (2) from England east to the Caucasus Mountains (2). In the UK it is restricted to southern England and Wales (7). Only one maternity roost and under 30 hibernation sites are known (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Status

provided by Arkive
The 2000 IUCN Red List classifies this species as Vulnerable (VU-A2c). European populations are listed under Annex II of The Bonn Convention (1), Annex II of the Bern Convention, and Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitats and Species Directive. In the UK it is protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and Schedule 2 of the Conservation Regulations 1994 (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Threats

provided by Arkive
The UK population is estimated to number around 5000 individuals, the overall trend in numbers is not known (3). The threats to the barbastelle bat are not fully understood (3), however it is very sensitive to disturbance (2). Factors such as the loss and fragmentation of the preferred ancient broadleaved woodland habitat and loss of roost sites will be likely to have strong negative effects on the population. Furthermore, insect prey availability may have been greatly reduced by fertiliser use and intensive grazing leading to a loss of habitat complexity and associated diversity (3).
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Wildscreen
original
visit source
partner site
Arkive

Western barbastelle

provided by wikipedia EN

The western barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus), also known as the barbastelle or barbastelle bat, is a European bat in the genus Barbastella. This species is found from Portugal to Azerbaijan and from Sweden to Canary Islands, where a sub-species was identified. It has a short nose, small eyes and wide ears. The conservation status of B. barbastellus is assessed as "near threatened", "vulnerable", "critically endangered" or "extinct" in various parts of its range.

Taxonomy

The western barbastelle was described as a new species in 1774 by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber, who placed it in the genus Vespertilio, with a species name of Vespertilio barbastellus. The holotype had been collected in Burgundy, France. In 1836 it was placed in the genus Barbastellus, and the first use of its current name combination of Barbastella barbastellus was in 1897 by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr.[3] The name Barbastella barbastellus might be coming from the Latin barba (beard) and stella (star). Viewed from the side, it seems that the upper lip has a beard, or a moustache.[3]

Two subspecies are recognized by Mammal Species of the World (2005):[4]

  • Barbastella barbastellus barbastellus: distributed from western Europe until the Caucasus, with isolated populations in Morocco[2]
  • Barbastella barbastellus guanchae: only found in the islands of Tenerife and La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain[5]

In addition to morphological measurement, DNA analysis confirmed the presence of an endemic sub-species in the Canary Islands as well as a relatively homogeneous genetic structure among populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, and probably, across Europe as far as the Thrace region.[6]

Description

The barbastelle is a medium-sized bat, with a characteristic pug-shaped nose. The ears are broad, joined across its head by skin, and covered in gingery-brown fur on the rear surface. The tragus is triangular – broad at the base but with a nearly parallel tip which starts about halfway along its length. Head and body length is between 40 and 55 mm and wingspan is between 26 and 29 cm (10 and 11 in). Forearm length is 3.5 to 4.5 cm (1.4 to 1.8 in) and body mass is 6 to 13 g (0.21 to 0.46 oz).[7][8]

Ecology

Illustration of roosting barbastelles

Habitat

Barbastelles roost in splits or behind loose bark of trees all year, generally in mature deciduous forests, as well as rock crevices[9] and within human buildings. In central Italy, tall dead beech in unmanaged woodland were found to be preferred as roost trees.[10] While barbastelles typically remain within a single roosting area, they move between individual roosts with great frequency.[2]

Barbastelles migrate to underground roosting sites over the winter, although they may stay within arboreal roosts in the beginning of the season. Winter roosting sites include natural caves and human structures such as basements, mines and bunkers. Barbastelles are relatively resistant to cold conditions, and are typically found hibernating in cold sites and in exposed positions.[2][11]

Hunting and feeding

Barbastelles feed chiefly on moths, as well as on flies.[2][11][12] Research from Switzerland showed that the biologically most productive parts of the forest are exploited in priority by this species while hunting [9] and that ca. 99% of prey by volume consisted of Lepidoptera. More recent studies confirmed this predominance of Lepidoptera, underlining that medium-sized and larger specimens are targeted in priority by the barbastelles. However, seasonal diet changes were recorded during autumn due to potential interspecific competition (with Plecotus austriacus) and strong decrease of flying larger moths.[13]

The diet of the barbastelles appears to be one of the narrowest among European bats. This specialization in foraging habits probably points to a higher vulnerability of this species to negative changes in the abundance of moth populations. This could explain its current rarity throughout most of its range.[14]

While foraging, barbastelles behave as typical aerial-hawking bat species despite the fact that they hunt exclusively just above the forest canopy. This peculiar foraging technique could be explained by the co-evolution with the defence system of its prey.[14]

Specimens can travel up to 20 km per night for foraging purposes and nonreproductive females forage at greater distances than reproductive females [15]

Reproduction

Individuals reach their sexual maturity after one or two years. After total sexual segregation during most of spring and summer, the mating period starts at the end of summer, sometimes during swarming episodes. The mating period is often finishing with the start of the hibernation, but some cases of late mating during winter and early spring have been observed[16] Around May–June, each pregnant female gives birth to one or two newborn juveniles which she breastfeeds up to 6 weeks.[17]

Echolocation

The barbastelle has two main call types used for echolocation. The frequency parameters of call type 1 lie between 30 and 38 kHz, have most energy at 33 kHz and have an average duration of 2.5 ms. The frequency parameters of call type 2 lie between 29 and 47 kHz, have most energy at 38 kHz and have an average duration of 4.1 ms.[18][19][20]

Distribution

This species is rare and most of the time decreasing throughout its range. Some historical data from the 19th century [21] refers to the presence of western barbastelles in Senegal. This data is considered as doubtful.[5]

Albania
So far, only four specimens of this species were recorded in Albania. The specimens were caught in 2005 near the Shebenik-Jabllanicë National Park, close to the border with North Macedonia.[22] This national park is well known for its beech forest, part of the UNESCO site "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe".[23]
Belgium
Barbastelle bats are known to occur within the Sonian Forest of Belgium.[24]
Ireland
This species was reported in 1997 from the west coast of Ireland, based on echolocation calls. Recent surveys and researches assessed this data and concluded to a mis-identification of the echolocation calls, and the absence of this species from the island of Ireland.[25]
Montenegro
The species is present during summer in both Mediterranean and Alpine biogeographic region of Montenegro, on altitudes as low as 80 m and up to 1.700 m a.s.l.[26][27]
Netherlands
The barbastelle has been extinct in the Netherlands since 1984.[2]
Norway
It was considered extirpated in Norway, having only been sighted in 1896, 1911, 1913 and 1949. However, it was again found in 2004 and 2008.[28]
United Kingdom
In Britain, only a few breeding roosts are known; Paston Great Barn in Norfolk, parts of Exmoor and the Quantock Hills in Devon and Somerset (see Tarr Steps), Wimpole Wood in Cambridgeshire, the Mottisfont woodland in Hampshire and Ebernoe Common in West Sussex. The UK distribution can be found on the National Biodiversity Network website here.[29]

Conservation

This species is protected in the European Union under the Habitats Directive, meaning that habitats and roosts use by this species may be considered for notification as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. This species is also listed in the Berne Convention and is specifically targeted by the UNEP-EUROBATS convention. Several national legislation are also protecting this species and its habitats in many countries and regions.

In order to highlight the importance of protecting this species at the European scale, this species was selected as bat species of the Year 2020-2021 by the pan-European NGO BatLife Europe.[30]

Status

This species is classified as near threatened (NT) in the worldwide IUCN Red List,[2] while it is considered as vulnerable (VU) at the European and European Union scale [31] and near threatened (NT) in the Mediterranean Red List.[32]

References

  1. ^ "Fossilworks: Barbastella barbastella".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2553A22029285.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b Rydell J. & Bogdanowicz, W. 1997.
  4. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  5. ^ a b Trujillo, D. et al. 2002.
  6. ^ Juste, J. et al. 2003.
  7. ^ Aulagnier, S et al. 2010
  8. ^ Batlife Europe. 2020
  9. ^ a b Sierro, A. 1999.
  10. ^ Russo, D. et al. 2004
  11. ^ a b "Barbastelle bat" (PDF). Bat Conservation Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  12. ^ Rydell, J. et al. 1996.
  13. ^ Andreas, M. et al. 2012.
  14. ^ a b Sierro, A. & Arlettaz, R. 1997.
  15. ^ Zeale, M. R. et al. 2012.
  16. ^ "La Barbastelle" (PDF). Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  17. ^ Dietz, C. et al., 2009
  18. ^ Parsons S. & Jones G. 2000.
  19. ^ Obrist et al. 2004.
  20. ^ Denzinger, A. et al., 2001
  21. ^ Rochebrune, A.T. 1883.
  22. ^ Sachanowicz, K. et al. 2016.
  23. ^ Théou, P. & Bego, F. 2018.
  24. ^ "Mammals". zoniënwoud. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  25. ^ Buckley, D. J. 2011.
  26. ^ Pašić, J. & Mulaomerović, J. 2018.
  27. ^ Rachwald, A. et al. 2019.
  28. ^ NTB (22 April 2008). "Hemmelighetskremmeri om "utdødd" flaggermus" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 22 April 2008.
  29. ^ Barbastella barbastellus, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, retrieved on 1 September 2008.
  30. ^ "BatLife Europe Bat of Year". batlife-europe.info. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  31. ^ Temple, H.J. & Terry, A. 2007.
  32. ^ Temple, H.J. & Cuttelod, A. 2009.
  33. ^ "National report of Belarus (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  34. ^ "National report of Belgium (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  35. ^ "Regional Red List of Flanders". www.vlaanderen.be. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  36. ^ "Regional Red List of Wallonia". biodiversite.wallonie.be. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  37. ^ "National report of Croatia (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  38. ^ "National report of the Czech Republic (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  39. ^ "National report of Denmark (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  40. ^ "National report of Estonia (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  41. ^ "Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel". inpn.mnhn.fr. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  42. ^ "National report of Georgia (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  43. ^ "National report of Germany (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  44. ^ "National report of Italy (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  45. ^ "National report of Lithuania (2014)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  46. ^ "National report of Moldova (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  47. ^ "National report of The Netherlands (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  48. ^ "National report of Norway (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  49. ^ "National report of Poland (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  50. ^ "National report of Portugal (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  51. ^ "National report of Romania (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  52. ^ "Liste rouge Chauves-souris (2014)". www.bafu.admin.ch. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  53. ^ "National report of Ukraine (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  54. ^ "National report of the United Kingdom (2018)-EUROBATS" (PDF). www.eurobats.org. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Western barbastelle: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The western barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus), also known as the barbastelle or barbastelle bat, is a European bat in the genus Barbastella. This species is found from Portugal to Azerbaijan and from Sweden to Canary Islands, where a sub-species was identified. It has a short nose, small eyes and wide ears. The conservation status of B. barbastellus is assessed as "near threatened", "vulnerable", "critically endangered" or "extinct" in various parts of its range.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN