Microsaccus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia.[1]
Description
Vegetative characteristics
These miniature epiphytes produce laterally flattened, distichously arranged leaves on thin stems.[2][3]
Generative characteristics
The usually two-flowered inflorescences are short.[3] The spurred, minuscule flowers have a simple labellum.[2] The flowers have four pollinia.[4] Within the fruits there are pale brown to whitish trichomes with an oblong-elliptic basal zone. They have perforations in the basal region.[5]
Etymolgy
The generic name Microsaccus is composed of the Greek words μικρός (mikrós) meaning small and saccus meaning sack, which refers to the labellum.[6]
Ecology
Microsaccus truncatus is known to grow epiphytically in montane forest at 1200 m above sea level.[6] Microsaccus griffithii occurs in forests at elevations of 500 - 2770 m above sea level.[7]
Physiology
Microsaccus uses CAM photosynthesis.[7]
Taxonomy
Species
The genus contains 13 accepted species:[1]
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Microsaccus affinis J.J.Sm. - Java
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Microsaccus albovirescens J.J.Sm. - Sumatra
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Microsaccus ampullaceus J.J.Sm. - Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia
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Microsaccus borneensis J.J.Sm. - Borneo
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Microsaccus canaliculatus J.J.Sm. - Sumatra
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Microsaccus dempoensis J.J.Sm. - Sumatra
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Microsaccus griffithii (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. - Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines
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Microsaccus javensis Blume - Malaysia, Java
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Microsaccus mihoae P.O'Byrne & Gokusing - Borneo
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Microsaccus ramosus J.J.Sm. - Java
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Microsaccus sumatranus J.J.Sm. - Malaysia, Sumatra
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Microsaccus truncatus Carr - Malaysia
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Microsaccus wenzelii Ames - Philippines
Phylogeny
It is closely related to the genus Jejewoodia .[8] One species, namely Jejewoodia longicalcarata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.J.Wood used to be Microsaccus longicalcaratus Ames & C.Schweinf.[9] It has been suggested to reunite these two genera, due to their similar appearance. Another closely related genus is Adenocos, which does not have a spur, unlike the former two genera.[8]
Horticulture
Microsaccus can be cultivated under moist conditions with a lot of air movement, and intermediate temperatures. The plants should be placed in a semi-shaded position. It is rarely cultivated.[6]
See also
References
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^ a b c d "Microsaccus Blume". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
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^ a b Teoh, E.S. (2021). Microsaccus Bl. In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 2 (G - P). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80428-2_18
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^ a b Seidenfaden, G., Wood, J., & Holttum, R. (1992). "The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore." Olsen & Olsen.
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^ Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). "A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254.
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^ Gamarra, R., & Ortúñez, E. (2021). "Endocarpic trichomes in Vandeae (Orchidaceae)." Flora, 280, 151844.
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^ a b c Puccio, P. (n.d.). Microsaccus truncatus. Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/microsaccus-truncatus/
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^ a b Microsaccus griffithii. (n.d.). Hortus Orchis. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.hortusorchis.org/en/botanical-orchids/118-m/1483-microsaccus-brevifolius.html
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^ a b Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Chase, M., & Rasmussen, F. (2014). "Genera Orchidacearum Volume 6: Epidendroideae (Part 3)." pp. 118, 204, 212. OUP Oxford.
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^ "Jejewoodia longicalcarata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.J.Wood". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
