Keyhole Limpets

Description: English: Diodora italica from the Pliocene of Cyprus. Date: 18 December 2008. Source: Own work. Author: Wilson44691. Photograph taken by Mark A. Wilson (Department of Geology, The College of Wooster). [1] Licensing[edit] Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse. : I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. This applies worldwide.In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so:I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

Description: English: Fissurella nubecula. Date: 13 September 2020. Source: https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/118033198. Author: anasacuta. Camera location43° 33′ 14.64″ N, 4° 01′ 07.63″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 43.554066; 4.018785. : This media file is part of an observation on iNaturalist:inaturalist.org/observations/72399052This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. : This image was originally posted to iNaturalist by anasacuta at https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/118033198. It was reviewed on 11 April 2021 by INaturalistReviewBot and found to be published under the terms of the Cc-by-4.0 license.

Description: Français : Scutus unguis à la Réunion. Date: 24 October 2015, 10:08:08. Source: The uploader on Wikimedia Commons received this from the author/copyright holder. Author: Philippe Bourjon.

Summary Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Animalia • Subregnum: Eumetazoa • Cladus: Bilateria • Superphylum: Protostomia • Phylum: Mollusca • Classis: Gastropoda • Subclassis: Prosobranchia • Ordo: Archaeogastropoda • Familia: Fissurellidae • Genus: Scutus • Species: Scutus unguis (Linné, 1758).mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Scutus unguis (Linné, 1758) English: Hoof Shield Limpet; Length 3.7 cm; Originating from the Transkei, South Africa; Shell of own collection, therefore not geocoded. Deutsch: Länge 3,7 cm; Herkunft: Transkei, Südafrika. Date: 28 May 2016. Source: Own work. Author: H. Zell. To the gallery of shells[edit].

Description: English: Emarginula solidula (Costa, 1829) a keyhole limpet from the family Fissurellidae. Date: 24 June 2010. Source: https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonimage/id99279/ Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Kelly using CommonsHelper. Author: Jan Delsing. Permission(Reusing this file): PD-AUTHOR.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: English: Emarginula solidula (Costa, 1829) a keyhole limpet from the family Fissurellidae. Date: 24 June 2010. Source: https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonimage/id99280/?taxonid=307315. Author: Jan Delsing.

Description: English: Diodora crucifera, a keyhole limpet from the family Fissurellidae. Date: 25 June 2010. Source: https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonimage/id113931/. Author: Jan Delsing. Original uploader was JoJan at en.wikipedia.

Description: English: Diodora crucifera (side view), a keyhole limpet from the family Fissurellidae. Date: 19 March 2010. Source: https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonimage/id113932/?taxonid=594661]. Author: Jan Delsing. Original uploader was JoJan at en.wikipedia.

Description: English: Living specimen of Megathura crenulata (Giant keyhole limpet) with mantle extended over shell. In display tank at Ty Warner Sea Center on Stearns Wharf, Santa Barbara, California. Date: 27 February 2011. Source: Own work. Author: Sharktopus. Permission (Reusing this file): CC-BY-SA-3.0.

Description: English: The fleshy foot of a Giant Keyhole Limpet (Megathura crenulata) found in a tidepool at San Pedro. Also on Flickr. Date: 23 October 2010. Source: Own work. Author: Bibliomaniac15.

Description: English: A Giant Keyhole Limpet (Megathura crenulata) found in a tidepool at San Pedro. Also on Flickr. Date: 23 October 2010. Source: Own work. Author: Bibliomaniac15.

Description: English: Diodora graeca, a sea snail from the family Fissurellidae. Date: 29 May 2010. Source: Own work - photo made at an sea aquarium. Author: Georges Jansoone (JoJan).

Description: English: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) - Barbados keyhole limpet shell from the Virgin Islands. (interior view) The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores. Seen here is a keyhole limpet shell, Fissurella barbadensis. Unlike "normal" snails, limpets lack a conispirally-coiled shell and instead have a cap-shaped shell. They typically occupy intertidal zone hard substrates and use a radula to scrape algae from rock surfaces. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Fissurellidae Locality: Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, western Virgin Islands More info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurella_barbadensis and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurellidae. Date: 29 October 2020, 13:37:09. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50631505033/. Author: James St. John.

Description: English: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) - Barbados keyhole limpet shells from the Virgin Islands. (exterior view) The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores. Seen here are three beachworn keyhole limpet shells, Fissurella barbadensis. Unlike "normal" snails, limpets lack a conispirally-coiled shell and instead have a cap-shaped shell. They typically occupy intertidal zone hard substrates and use a radula to scrape algae from rock surfaces. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Fissurellidae Locality: Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, western Virgin Islands More info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurella_barbadensis and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurellidae. Date: 29 October 2020, 13:34:43. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50632248561/. Author: James St. John.

Description: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) - exterior view of a Barbados keyhole limpet shell, 2.25 cm long. Anterior at the top and posterior at the bottom. Family Fissurellidae - limpets use their radulae to scrape algae from hard substrates. They typically occupy rock intertidal shorelines. Date: 5 March 2011, 00:21. Source: Fissurella barbadensis (Barbados keyhole limpet) (San Salvador Island, Bahamas) 1. Author: James St. John.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) - interior view of a Barbados keyhole limpet shell, 2.25 cm long. Anterior at the top and posterior at the bottom. Family Fissurellidae - limpets use their radulae to scrape algae from hard substrates. They typically occupy rock intertidal shorelines. Date: 5 March 2011, 00:22. Source: Fissurella barbadensis (Barbados keyhole limpet) (San Salvador Island, Bahamas) 2. Author: James St. John.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) - posterior view of a Barbados keyhole limpet shell. Family Fissurellidae - limpets use their radulae to scrape algae from hard substrates. They typically occupy rock intertidal shorelines. Date: 5 March 2011, 00:23. Source: Fissurella barbadensis (Barbados keyhole limpet) (San Salvador Island, Bahamas) 3. Author: James St. John.

Summary Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Animalia • Subregnum: Eumetazoa • Cladus: Bilateria • Superphylum: Protostomia • Phylum: Mollusca • Classis: Gastropoda • Subclassis: Orthogastropoda • Cladus: Vetigastropoda • Superfamilia: Fissurelloidea • Familia: Fissurellidae • Subfamilia: Fissurellinae • Genus: Fissurella • Species: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) Description: English: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791), Barbados Keyhole Limpet; Length 1.4 cm; Originating from the Dominican Republic; Shell of own collection, therefore not geocoded. Deutsch: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791); Länge 1,4 cm; Herkunft: Dominikanische Republik. Date: 27 April 2019. Source: Own work. Author: H. Zell. To the gallery of shells[edit].

Description: English: Fissurella barbadensis (Gmelin, 1791) - Barbados keyhole limpet shell from the Virgin Islands. (interior view) The gastropods (snails & slugs) are a group of molluscs that occupy marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Most gastropods have a calcareous external shell (the snails). Some lack a shell completely, or have reduced internal shells (the slugs & sea slugs & pteropods). Most members of the Gastropoda are marine. Most marine snails are herbivores (algae grazers) or predators/carnivores. Seen here is a keyhole limpet shell, Fissurella barbadensis. Unlike "normal" snails, limpets lack a conispirally-coiled shell and instead have a cap-shaped shell. They typically occupy intertidal zone hard substrates and use a radula to scrape algae from rock surfaces. Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Fissurellidae Locality: Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, western Virgin Islands More info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurella_barbadensis and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurellidae. Date: 29 October 2020, 13:36:18. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50632248996/. Author: James St. John.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Familie: Fissurellidae Groesse: 25 mm Verbreitung: Florida bis Brasilien Fundort: Brasilien, Salvador, Praia do Forte leg.det. U.Schmidt, 1993 Photo: U.Schmidt, 2005. Date: 18 November 2003, 10:51. Source: Lucapina suffusa (Reeve, 1850) Uploaded by Magnus Manske. Author: Udo Schmidt from Deutschland. Camera location12° 38′ 13.46″ S, 38° 03′ 24.52″ W View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap-12.637072; -38.056812.

Description: English: Lucapina adspersa, a keyhole limpet. Photographed in the Bonaire National Marine Park in August 2011. Date: 18 August 2011. Source: Own work. Author: Bart Braun.

Summary Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Animalia • Subregnum: Eumetazoa • Cladus: Bilateria • Superphylum: Protostomia • Phylum: Mollusca • Classis: Gastropoda • Subclassis: Vetigastropoda • Familia: Fissurellidae • Genus: Diodora • Species: Diodora dysoni (Reeve, 1850).mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: English: Diodora dysoni (Reeve, 1850), Dyson's Keyhole Limpet; Length 1.5 cm; Originating from the Dominican Republic; Shell of own collection, therefore not geocoded. Deutsch: Diodora dysoni (Reeve, 1850); Länge 1,5 cm; Herkunft: Dominikanische Republik. Date: 27 April 2019. Source: Own work. Author: H. Zell. To the gallery of shells[edit].

Description: English: Diodora dysoni (side view), a keyhole limpet from the family Fissurellidae Category:Fissurellidae. Date: 25 June 2010, 15:24 (UTC). Source: [1]. Author: Jan Delsing. Permission(Reusing this file): Public Domain.

Description: English: Diodora dysoni , a keyhole limpet from the family Fissurellidae. Date: 25 June 2010. Source: https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonimage/id113936/ Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Kelly using CommonsHelper. Author: Jan Delsing. Permission(Reusing this file): PD-AUTHOR.