arachnids articles - Encyclopedia of Life

蛛形纲 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

蛛形綱（學名：Arachnida）又名蜘蛛綱，是節肢動物下的一個綱，有65,000~73,000左右的物種，包括了蜘蛛、蠍子、壁蝨、螨等。蜘蛛、蠍子等常被大眾誤解為昆蟲，雖然同屬節肢動物門，可是它們都獨立於昆蟲綱之外，屬於蛛形綱。蛛形綱動物的特徵是擁有八隻腳，半變態，卵一孵化就是成體的縮小版了。蛛形綱動物大多在陸地生活，大部分為肉食性。有一些蜘蛛和蠍子有毒，主要用作自衛及捕獵用途，但大部分的蛛形綱都是無毒的。

分類

根據2011年的分類，現時蛛形綱（Arachnida Cuvier, 1812）有物種112,201種，當中化石種有†1,586，可作以下分類^[2]：

Order 1
- Order 1.1 盲蛛目 Opiliones Sundevall, 1833: (6,519 species, of which †35 species)11
- Order 1.2 蝎形目 Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1851: (2,068 species, of which †121 species)12
跑足亚纲 Dromopoda
- Order 2.1 避日目 Solifugae Sundevall, 1833: (1,116 species, of which †3 species)13
- Order 2.2 拟蝎目 Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778: (3,494 species, of which †40 species)14
Order 3 鬚腳目 Palpigradi Thorell, 1888: (83 species, of which †1 species)15
Order 4 †古怖目 Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890: (†31 species )16
Order 5 节腹目 Ricinulei Thorell, 1876: (73 species, of which †15 species)17
寄蟎總目 Parasitiformes^[3]
- Order 6.1 節腹蟎目 Opilioacarida Zakhvatkin, 1952: (37 species, of which †2 species)18
- Order 6.2 巨蟎目 Holothyrida Thon, 1905: (27 species)
- Order 6.3 真蜱目 Ixodida Leach, 1815: (896 species, of which †5 species) 19
- Order 6.4 革蟎目 Mesostigmata G. Canestrini, 1891: (11,424 species)
蟎形總目 Acariformes
- Order 7.1 恙螨目 Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909: (25,821 species, of which †24 species)20
- Order 7.2 疥蟎目 Sarcoptiformes Reuter, 1909 (16,412 species, of which †113 species)21
Order 8
- Order 8.1 †角怖目 Trigonotarbida Petrunkevitch, 1949 (†65 species)22
- Order 8.2.1.1 †Uraraneida Selden & Shear in Selden et al., 2008 (†2 species)23
- Order 8.2.1.2 蜘蛛目 Araneae Clerck, 1757: (43,579 species, of which †1,106 species)24
- Order 8.2.2.1 †聯足目 Haptopoda Pocock, 1911 (†1 species)25
鈍尾目 Amblypygi
有鞭目 Thelyphonida
裂盾目 Schizomida