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Marsh Lady's Tresses

Spiranthes odorata (Nutt.) Lindl.

Comments

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Spiranthes odorata typically occurs in seasonally inundated sites and may bloom while emerging from shallow water. The rather thick, broad leaves are aerenchymatous and give the plant a distinctive vegetative habit. The very long, wide-spreading roots produce vegetative offshoots often 30 cm from the parent shoot, giving rise to extensive clonal colonies. At its extreme southern range limit in Florida, individual plants may bloom sporadically throughout much of the year.

The northern range limit of the species along the Atlantic Coast is uncertain; see notes on gene flow and apomixis under 14. Spiranthes cernua.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 541 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants 10–100+ cm. Roots several, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.3 cm diam. Leaves persisting through anthesis, basal, gradually or occasionally abruptly reduced upward on stem, base of blade sheathing stem or narrowed to broad petiole over 7 mm wide, ascending to spreading (rigidly so because of aerenchymatous thickening of blade); blades on proximal cauline sheaths spreading-recurved, frequently also on distal (then extending to inflorescence), elliptic to oblong- or linear-oblanceolate, to 52 × 4 cm. Spikes tightly spiraled, 3–4 flowers per cycle of spiral; rachis moderately pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked. Flowers nodding, white, urceolate to gaping, claw of lip at low (less than 30°) angle to lamina, base appearing only slightly inflated; sepals distinct to base, 4–18 mm; lateral sepals loosely associated with dorsal and petals or spreading, sometimes arching above flower; petals lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–18 mm, apex acute to obtuse or emarginate; lip often yellow or green centrally, rhombic-ovate to ovate or lance-ovate, 4–16 × (4–)7–9.5 mm, fleshy, margins lacerate-crenulate, glabrous; veins several, branches parallel; basal calli incurved, prominent, sometimes conic in small flowers, 0.2–2.5 mm; viscidia linear to linear-lanceolate; ovary 4–8 mm. Seeds monoembryonic. 2n = 30.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 541 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Md., Miss., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 541 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering Sep--Dec.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 541 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Cypress and hardwood swamps, marshes, prairies, riverbanks, ditches; 0--300m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 541 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Neottia odorata Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 98. 1834; Spiranthes cernua (Linnaeus) Richard var. odorata (Nuttall) Correll
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 541 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Spiranthes odorata

provided by wikipedia EN

Spiranthes odorata, marsh lady's tresses[1] or common lady's tresses,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, native to the southeastern United States, from Texas eastwards and northwards to Delaware.[1] It grows in moist, partially shaded environments with acidic or neutral soil.

An herbaceous perennial, this orchid grows up to 50 cm (20 in) tall and broad. The flowers are borne in dense vertical rows on sturdy green spikes, in a slightly twisted pattern (hence Spiranthes, "twisted flower"). This effect is due to uneven cell growth. The flowers, which appear in late summer and autumn, are white, hooded and fragrant (hence the specific epithet odorata).

This plant is pollinated by bumblebees, notably Bombus pensylvanicus, Bombus fervidus, Bombus impatiens, and Bombus nevadensis.[3]

In the UK, the cultivar ‘Chadd’s Ford’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[4][5] Requiring a fertile soil in partial shade, it is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F), but in frosty areas needs a dry mulch during the winter months. Botanically it is not actually a Spiranthes odorata but a different species called Spiranthes bightensis.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Spiranthes odorata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  2. ^ "Spiranthes odorata". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  3. ^ "Spiranthes odorata". Go Orchids. North American Orchid Conservation Center. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  4. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Spiranthes odorata 'Chadd's Ford'". Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  5. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 99. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  6. ^ PACE, MATTHEW C. (30 April 2021). "Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast". Phytotaxa. 498 (3): 159–176. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.498.3.2. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
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Spiranthes odorata: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Spiranthes odorata, marsh lady's tresses or common lady's tresses, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family, native to the southeastern United States, from Texas eastwards and northwards to Delaware. It grows in moist, partially shaded environments with acidic or neutral soil.

An herbaceous perennial, this orchid grows up to 50 cm (20 in) tall and broad. The flowers are borne in dense vertical rows on sturdy green spikes, in a slightly twisted pattern (hence Spiranthes, "twisted flower"). This effect is due to uneven cell growth. The flowers, which appear in late summer and autumn, are white, hooded and fragrant (hence the specific epithet odorata).

This plant is pollinated by bumblebees, notably Bombus pensylvanicus, Bombus fervidus, Bombus impatiens, and Bombus nevadensis.

In the UK, the cultivar ‘Chadd’s Ford’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Requiring a fertile soil in partial shade, it is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F), but in frosty areas needs a dry mulch during the winter months. Botanically it is not actually a Spiranthes odorata but a different species called Spiranthes bightensis.

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wikipedia EN