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Sheathed Sedge

Carex vaginata Tausch

Associations

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Foodplant / saprobe
sporodochium of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph of Arthrinium caricicola is saprobic on often dry, bleached, dead leaf of Carex vaginata
Remarks: season: 4-7

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Comments

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M. L. Fernald (1950) pointed out that North American plants sometimes segregated as Carex saltuensis do not appear to be sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a separate species. T. V. Egorova (1999) recognized both C. saltuensis and C. vaginata, with two subspecies, in North America. More research is clearly needed on this complex circumpolar entity. The inclusion of C. vaginata in sect. Paniceae is uncertain. Unlike other members of the group, C. vaginata lacks papillae on abaxial leaf epidermis, peduncle, and perigynium.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 23: 425, 427, 428 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants colonial, long-rhizomatous. Culms 7–60 cm, ± smooth distally. Leaves: proximal sheaths bladeless, pale brown, slender, 0.7–2.8 mm diam., not or only very sparsely papillose; ligules 2–4.5 mm, longer than wide; blades of vegetative culms 5–40 cm × 1.5–4 mm; those of fertile culms green, flat, less than 10 cm. Inflorescences 6.5–25 cm, 2–5 times longer than proximal bracts; proximal bracts 2.5–8 cm, sheath 1–3.5 cm, blade 1–1.5 cm; pistillate spikes linear, 0.8–3 cm × 3–6.5 mm. Pistillate scales purple tinged, apex broadly acute or obtuse. Perigynia 3–15, the proximal loosely arranged, green to dark brown, often obscurely veined, 3.5–5 × 1.5–2.2 mm, smooth; beak slender, cylindric, (0.4–)0.6–1.8(–2.2) mm. Achenes light to dark brown, 2.2–3 × 1.2–1.5 mm. 2n = 32.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 425, 427, 428 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Maine, Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.Y., Vt., Wis.; Eurasia.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 425, 427, 428 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Fruiting early–mid summer.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 425, 427, 428 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Calcareous swamps, boggy thickets and woods; 30–1600m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 425, 427, 428 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Synonym

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Carex saltuensis L. H. Bailey
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 425, 427, 428 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Common Names

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
sheathed sedge
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: achene, fruit, graminoid, monoecious

Sheathed sedge is a native, perennial, monoecious graminoid [12]. Culms
are 4 to 24 inches (10-60 cm) tall [7,9]. Principal foliage leaves are
basal [11], mostly shorter than the culms [7], and 0.06 to 0.20 inches
(1.5-5 mm) wide [1,7]. The terminal inflorescence is a spike 0.4 to 0.8
inches (1-2 cm) long; there are one to three lateral spikes as well.
The fruit is a small triangular achene [1]. The perigynia surrounding
the achene is ovoid and 0.12 to 0.20 inches (3-5 mm) long [7]. There
are 3 to 20 perigynia per spike [1]. Sheathed sedge has long, slender
rhizomes [7,9]; it also has stolons [7,12].
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The distribution of sheathed sedge is circumboreal [1,12]. It extends
south in the United States to Maine and west to northern Minnesota. It
extends across Canada, but has not been reported from Manitoba [7,9,11].
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: fire regime

Since sheathed sedge reproduces vegetatively [7,9], it probably sprouts
from rhizomes after aerial portions are burned. Sheathed sedge is
long-rhizomed, and has a rather diffuse growth form [7]. However, where
thicker tufts form, they may protect basal buds from fire damage.

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)

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More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: geophyte, hemicryptophyte

Hemicryptophyte
Geophyte
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: forest, mesic, peat

Sheathed sedge occurs on a wide variety of substrates and in a variety
of moisture regimes, from hydric to mesic. It occurs in moist to wet
mossy woods, bogs, and other wet places [11,12]. In west-central
Alberta it occurs on poor to rich, wet soils [4]. In boreal forest in
central Saskatchewan, sheathed sedge occurs on soil that shows no
evidence of standing water at any time during the year [5].

In south-central Alaska sheathed sedge occurs on soils containing 70 to
85 percent sand [20]. In the northeastern United States it occurs
chiefly on calcareous soils [7,9]. Sheathed sedge in boreal forest in
eastern Ontario occurs on wet coniferous sites with acidic peat
substrates [3]. Sheathed sedge at some sites in south-central Alaska
occurs on soil with pH of 5.4 to 6.7 [20].

In Alaska sheathed sedge occurs from sea level to at least 2,494 feet
(760 m) elevation [12,20]. In west-central Alberta it is found from
1,641 to 4,593 feet (500-1,400 m) [4].
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

1 Jack pine
5 Balsam fir
12 Black spruce
13 Black spruce - tamarack
37 Northern white-cedar
107 White spruce
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES10 White - red - jack pine
FRES11 Spruce - fir
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: bog, forest

K093 Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
K094 Conifer bog
K095 Great Lakes pine forest
K096 Northeastern spruce - fir forest
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Sheathed sedge culms are probably top-killed by fire during the growing
season.
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: bog, cover, forest, fruit, shrub, tundra

In the western area of the Northwest Territories, (south of the arctic
circle and to the west of Great Bear Lake) in a subarctic black spruce
(Picea mariana) ecosystem, sheathed sedge is one of nine species that
form the dominant understory cover and biomass of the vascular plants.
The other associated species are bog Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum),
crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), blueberry willow (Salix myrtillifolia),
littletree willow (Salix arbusculoides), red fruit bearberry
(Arctostaphylos rubra), bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), sedge
(Carex membranacea), and polargrass (Arctagrostis latifolia) [13].

Sheathed sedge is associated with a wide variety of species. Associated
species are listed for white spruce (Picea glauca)-green alder (Alnus
crispa)-willow (Salix spp.) communities in northwestern Northwest
Territories [10]. Associates are listed for low shrub birch (Betula
glandulosa)-willow-green alder communities and for white spruce (Picea
glauca)-balsam poplar (Populus balsamifer) communities in south-central
Alaska [20]. Associates are also listed for the boreal forest of
eastern Ontario and western Quebec [3], northern Ontario [17], and
central Saskatchewan, Canada [5].

Sheathed sedge grows in tundra communities as well as in the boreal
forest [23].
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: graminoid

Graminoid
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations

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More info for the terms: cover, permafrost

Sheathed sedge and other vegetation in wet sedge meadows underlain by
permafrost in the northwestern Northwest Territories are highly
susceptible to disturbance by roads and seismic lines in summer. They
are least affected by winter operations. Sheathed sedge increased from
0 percent to 2.1 percent cover (equal to control plots) over 2 years on
the disturbed seismic lines [10].
license
cc-publicdomain
bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America

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AK ME MI MN NY VT WI AB BC NB
NF NT ON PQ SK YT
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology

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More info on this topic.

Sheathed sedge blooms from June to August in the central and
northeastern United States and adjacent Canada [7,16].
license
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: climax, forest, frequency, succession, tundra

Vegetation regrowth after fire is very fast in low arctic tundra sedge
(Carex spp.)-dominated communities [23]. Sedges increase in importance
following fire in these habitats [22].

Sheathed sedge in northern Ontario was sparse at the beginning of
succession after fire. Its numbers continued to rise for 10 years. It
then disappeared over about a 2-year period as black spruce and jack
pine (Pinus banksiana) began to regenerate [17].

Sheathed sedge occurs in the central Saskatchewan boreal forest, which
has had a history of frequent fire. Sheathed sedge in previously burned
sites in this region occurred at a frequency of 31 percent in balsam
poplar stands. Balsam poplar is considered a pioneer species. Sheathed
sedge occurred at a frequency of 1 to 9 percent in later successional
stands, dominated by jack pine and black spruce, and did not occur at
all in climax vegetation [5].
license
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration

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More info for the terms: herb, rhizome, tussock

Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
Tussock graminoid
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes

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More info for the term: seed

Sheathed sedge sprouts from perennating buds at the base of the culms
and from rhizomes and stolons [7]. It also reproduces by seed [9].

In disturbed sites in the northwestern Northwest Territories, sheathed
sedge grew and expanded from intact rhizomes. Some seed establishment
may also have occurred [10].
license
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: succession

Facultative Seral Species

Most information on the role of sheathed sedge in succession is related
to fire. See the Plant Response to Fire section of FIRE EFFECTS.
license
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
Carex saltuensis Bailey [7,9,21]
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy

provided by Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name of sheathed sedge is Carex
vaginata Tausch [1,9,11]. It is in the family Cyperaceae. There are no
currently accepted infrataxa.

The American plant is sometimes separated taxonomically and named Carex
saltuensis Bailey [7].
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bibliographic citation
Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Carex vaginata

provided by wikipedia EN

Carex vaginata is a species of sedge known by the common name sheathed sedge.

Description

This sedge produces stems up to 60 centimeters tall, growing from a long rhizome. The stem just below the inflorescence is sheathed in the base of the bract, the characteristic that gives the plant its name. The inflorescence contains a terminal spike and usually at least one lateral spike. The plant reproduces by seed and by sprouting from the rhizome and the stolons, and from buds at the bases of the stems.[1][2] Leaves 0.7-2.8 cm wide.[3]

Distribution and range

It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It occurs in Alaska, throughout most all of Canada to Greenland and in Eurasia. In North America it occurs as far south as Minnesota and New York.[1][3][4]

Habitat and ecology

This sedge grows in many types of moist and wet habitat. It is present on tundra and in boreal forests. It grows in sandy, calcareous, and acidic, peaty soils.[1] It may be found growing in snow, which might help to protect it from dry and cold conditions.[5]

Conservation status

In North America it is considered widespread, abundant and secure[6]. On the international IUCN red list is has most recently been assessed to be least concern (LC)[7].

References

  1. ^ a b c Walsh, Roberta A. 1994. Carex vaginata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  2. ^ Carex vaginata. Flora of North America.
  3. ^ a b "Carex vaginata - FNA". floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  4. ^ "USDA Plants Database". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  5. ^ Aiken, S.G., et al. 1999 onwards. Carex vaginata. Archived 13 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine ‘Cyperaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval.’ Version: 6 November 2000.
  6. ^ Schmidt, L. J. (September 2003). "Conservation Assessment for Carex vaginata, Sheathed Sedge. USDA Forest Service" (PDF).
  7. ^ Lansdown, R.V. (16 January 2023). "Carex vaginata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016".

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Carex vaginata: Brief Summary

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Carex vaginata is a species of sedge known by the common name sheathed sedge.

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