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Purple Moor Grass

Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench

Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / saprobe
superficial pseudothecium of Acanthostigmina hebridensis is saprobic on dead leaf of Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pseudothecium of Botryosphaeria festucae is saprobic on dead leaf of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 6-8

Foodplant / saprobe
emergent apothecium of Cejpia hystrix is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 7-10

Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Cerodontha pygmaea may be found in leaf-mine of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / parasite
Sphacelia anamorph of Claviceps purpurea parasitises inflorescence of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 7

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Clitopilus hobsonii is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Molinia caerulea
Other: minor host/prey

Plant / associate
fruitbody of Entoloma pseudocoelestinum is associated with live Molinia caerulea
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
hysterothecium of Gloniella moliniae is saprobic on dead stem (thin) of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 10-11

Foodplant / saprobe
short-stalked apothecium of Lachnum carneolum is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 1-7

Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Lachnum carneolum var. longisporum is saprobic on dead leaf of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: (2-)6-8(-10)

Foodplant / saprobe
thyriothecium of Lichenopeltella alpestris is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 4-11

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
numerous, often confluent pycnothyrium of Actinothyrium coelomycetous anamorph of Lophodermium apiculatum is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 3-8
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent apothecium of Lophodermium gramineum is saprobic on dead leaf of Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile, shielded apothecium of Micropeziza poae is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 8

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia palustris is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 3-9

Foodplant / saprobe
sessile apothecium of Mollisia poaeoides is saprobic on dead culm of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 11-2

Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Phomatospora dinemasporium is saprobic on dead sheath of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 6-7

Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent apothecium of Phragmonaevia hysterioides is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 6-9

Foodplant / saprobe
annual, resupinate, drying dark red fruitbody of Physisporinus sanguinolentus is saprobic on dead, decayed, sodden stem (base) of Molinia caerulea
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph of Pseudoseptoria stomaticola causes spots on leaf of Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia moliniae parasitises live Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia nemoralis parasitises live Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Resinomycena saccharifera is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / spot causer
crowded, arranged in rows or scattered, immersed, minute, fuscous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria graminum var. moliniae causes spots on live leaf of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / feeds on
loosely aggregated, black, sometimes in rows pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria lunata feeds on peduncle of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 7-8

Foodplant / saprobe
numerous, scattered or in short rows, immersed pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora subseriata is saprobic on dead stem of Molinia caerulea
Remarks: season: 4-5
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Typhula brunneola is saprobic on dead leaf of Molinia caerulea

Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Typhula graminum is saprobic on dead, decayed leaf of Molinia caerulea

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Physical Description

provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems swollen at base, tuberous, cormous or bulbous, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades disarticulating from sheath, decid uous at ligule, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty brac ts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
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Molinia caerulea

provided by wikipedia EN

Molinia caerulea, known by the common name purple moor-grass,[1] is a species of grass that is native to Europe, west Asia, and north Africa. It grows in locations from the lowlands up to 2,300 m (7,546 ft) in the Alps. Like most grasses, it grows best in acid soils, ideally pH values of between 3.5 and 5, however, it can continue to live under more extreme conditions, sometimes to as low as 2. It is common on moist heathland, bogs and moorland throughout Britain and Ireland. Introduced populations exist in northeastern and northwestern North America.[2]

The specific epithet caerulea means "deep blue"[3] and refers to the purple spikelets.

Description

Molinia caerulea is a herbaceous perennial bunchgrass (tussock-forming), growing up to 120 cm (47 in) tall (taller when sheltered by gorse and heather), with many closely packed stems. The leaves are coarse, green, taper to a point, long, flat and sometimes slightly hairy on top.[4] Due to the dense tussock it is very resistant to heath fires. Its ligule is a ring of hairs, as in heath grass (Danthonia decumbens). The long narrow purple spikelets are a major identification feature – the panicle is 15 cm (6 in) long.[5]

It flowers between July and September, later than any other species.

Ecology

The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use it as a foodplant, e.g., the chequered skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon).

Claviceps purpurea is an ascomycetous fungus which grows on the seeds of purple moor grass.

Purple moor grass and rush pastures is a United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan habitat, on account of its rarity.[6]

Cultivation

Molinia caerulea is cultivated for its panicles of purple spikelets on yellow stems. In cultivation it grows to 1.5 m (5 ft) tall by 40 cm (16 in) broad.[7] Numerous cultivars have been selected, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[8]

  • M. caerulea subsp. arundinacea 'Windspiel'[9]
  • M. caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Edith Dudszus'[10]
  • M. caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Moorhexe'[11]
  • M. caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Poul Petersen'[12]
  • M. caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Variegata'[13]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. ^ Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench
  3. ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
  4. ^ Grasses by C E Hubbard, 1978, published by Penguin books
  5. ^ Cope, Tom; Gray, Alan (2009). Grasses of the British Isles. London: Botanical Society of the British Isles.
  6. ^ UK BAP Purple Moor and Rush Pastures Archived 2007-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  8. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 65. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  9. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - M. caerulea subsp. arundinacea 'Windspiel'". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  10. ^ "M. caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Edith Dudszus'". RHS. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  11. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - *M. caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Moorhexe". Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  12. ^ "Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Poul Petersen'". RHS. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  13. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea 'Variegata'". Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  • Fitter, Richard; Fitter, Alastair; Farrer, Ann (1984). Grasses, Sedges, Rushes and Ferns of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins Pocket Guides. Collins. ISBN 0002191369.
  • Rose, Frances (1974). The Observer's Book of Grasses, Sedges and Rushes. Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 18–19.

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Molinia caerulea: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Molinia caerulea, known by the common name purple moor-grass, is a species of grass that is native to Europe, west Asia, and north Africa. It grows in locations from the lowlands up to 2,300 m (7,546 ft) in the Alps. Like most grasses, it grows best in acid soils, ideally pH values of between 3.5 and 5, however, it can continue to live under more extreme conditions, sometimes to as low as 2. It is common on moist heathland, bogs and moorland throughout Britain and Ireland. Introduced populations exist in northeastern and northwestern North America.

The specific epithet caerulea means "deep blue" and refers to the purple spikelets.

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