dcsimg
 
  en  
names in breadcrumbs
Image of Russula nigricans Fr. 1838
Creatures » … » Mushrooms, Lichens, Molds, Yeasts And Relatives » … » Basidiomycete Fungi » … » Russulaceae » …

Russula nigricans Fr. 1838

English
show all Catalan; Valencian Czech German English Spanish; Castilian Estonian Basque Finnish Italian Japanese Lithuanian Dutch; Flemish Polish Pms Portuguese Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan Russian Swedish Ukrainian Chinese
filter by provider
show all BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK North American Flora wikipedia EN

Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Fungus / parasite
fruitbody of Asterophora lycoperdoides parasitises decayed fruitbody of Russula nigricans
Remarks: season: summer-autumn
Other: major host/prey

Fungus / parasite
fruitbody of Asterophora parasitica parasitises moribund fruitbody of Russula nigricans
Other: major host/prey

Fungus / parasite
colony of Calcarisporium anamorph of Calcarisporium arbuscula parasitises fruitbody of Russula nigricans
Other: minor host/prey

Fungus / saprobe
sessile sporodochium of Myrothecium anamorph of Myrothecium inundatum is saprobic on decaying fruitbody of Russula nigricans

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula nigricans is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Tilia
Other: unusual host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula nigricans is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Fagus
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula nigricans is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Quercus
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza
fruitbody of Russula nigricans is ectomycorrhizal with live root of Salix repens
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: unusual host/prey

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
BioImages
project
BioImages
original
visit source
partner site
BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Russula nigricans (Bull.) Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 60. 1821
Agaricus nigricans Bull. Herb. Fr. pL 212. 1784. Agaricus nigrescens Krombh. Abbild. 9: 27. 1845.
Pileus convex and umbilicate, expanding and centrally depressed, 7-13 cm. broad; surface pure-white or stained with smoky-brown, becoming blackish or dark-fuliginous, slightly viscid when wet, glabrous ; margin inciurved at first, even : context firm, white, slowly changing to reddish where wounded and becoming black, mild to the taste, without odor; lamellae white, becoming blackish with age or in drying, unequal, slightly rounded at the inner ends and adnexed, broad, subdistant; stipe white, becoming smoky-brown with age, solid, 6 cm. long, reaching 3 cm. thick: spores white, broadly elliptic, very finely echinulate, 7 X 8.7 m-
Type IvOcality: France.
Habitat: On the ground in coniferous or mixed woods, in rather dry soil.
Distribution: Maine to Virginia and North Carolina and west to Wisconsin and Oregon; also in Europe.
IlIvUSTrations : Barla, Champ. Nice pi. 17, f. 1-9 (as Agaricus adustus Pers.); Bull. Herb. Fr. pi. 212, 579, f. 2; Cooke, Brit. Fungi pL 1015; Gill. Champ. Fr. pi. 625: Hussey, 111. Brit. Myc. 1: pi. 73 (as Agaricus adustus) ; Krombh. Abbild. pi. 70, f. 14. 15; Qu61. Champ. Jura Vosg. pi. 12, f. 1; Richon & Roze, Atl. Champ: pi. 41, f. 19-22; Ricken, Blatterp. Deutschl. pi. 15, f. 2; 3vanzi, Funghi Mang. pi. 51, f. 2, a, b, c; Sow. Engl. Fungi pi. 36 (as Agaricus elephantinus) .
4. Russula densifolia (Seer.) Gill. Champ. Fr. 231. 1876.
Agaricus adustus densifolius Seer. Mycogr. Suisse 1: 476. 1833.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, then depressed, up to 10 cm. broad; surface white, then fuliginous, gray, or smoky-brown, viscid when wet, glabrous; margin even, inflexed for some time: context white, then reddish where wounded and at length black, mild, without special odor; lamellae white, reddish, then black where wounded, unequal, some forking, adnate to decurrent, close; stipe white, then sordid to gray, at length blackening, firm, slightly pniinose, 4 cm. long, up to 2.5 cm. thick: spores white, globose, 7-8 ij. in diameter.
Type locality: France. Habitat: On the ground in mixed woods.
Distribution: Vermont to the District of Columbia and west to Michigan; also in Europe.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
William Alphonso MurrilI, Gertrude Simmons BurIingham, Leigh H Pennington, John Hendly Barnhart. 1907-1916. (AGARICALES); POLYPORACEAE-AGARICACEAE. North American flora. vol 9. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
original
visit source
partner site
North American Flora

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Russula eccentrica Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 150: 61. 1911
Pileus fleshy but thin, eccentric or deformed, at first centrally depressed, becoming nearly plane, 5-10 cm. broad; surface brownish or brownish-gray, faintly reddish-brown when dry, glabrous, dry; margin even, incurved at first and for some time: context white, with disagreeable odor; lamellae pallid or tinged with pink, becoming reddish where wounded, unequal, adnate or adnexed, thin, subdistant, broad; stipe white, equal, smooth, spongy within, 4r-6 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. thick: spores white, subglobose, smooth or nearly so, 5-7 X 6-8 ju.
Type locaI/ITy: Near St. Louis, Missouri. Habitat: In a grassy ravine in open oak woods. Distribution: Known only from the type locality.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
William Alphonso MurrilI, Gertrude Simmons BurIingham, Leigh H Pennington, John Hendly Barnhart. 1907-1916. (AGARICALES); POLYPORACEAE-AGARICACEAE. North American flora. vol 9. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
original
visit source
partner site
North American Flora

Russula nigricans

provided by wikipedia EN

Russula nigricans, commonly known as the blackening brittlegill or blackening russula, is a gilled mushroom found in woodland in Europe. It gains both its common and scientific name from its propensity to turn black from cutting or bruising.

Taxonomy

It is placed in the Compactae group, subsection Nigricantinae by Bon.[1] It was first described by the French mycologist Pierre Bulliard in 1798 as Agaricus nigricans, before gaining its current binomial name from the father of mycology, the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. Its specific epithet is the Latin nigricans 'blackening'.

Description

This is a large member of the genus Russula, and it has a cap that is dirty white when young, but swiftly turns brown, and then black on aging. It measures 5–20 cm (2–8 in) in diameter.[2] There is usually a large depression in the centre of mature caps, which are three quarter peeling. The stem is white, firm, and straight, measuring 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long and 2–5 cm (1–2 in) wide; it too blackens with age.[2] The gills are off-white initially, very widely spaced, and are adnate. These turn red; then grey, and finally black, when bruised. The flesh, which has a fruity smell, when cut turns pale Indian red, and then grey, and black within 20 minutes.[3] The spore print is white, and the warty oval spores measure 7–8 x 6–7 μm.[3]

Old specimens are sometimes parasitised by fungi of the genus Asterophora or Nyctalis, in particular the species N. parasitica and N. asterophora (the pick-a-back toadstool).

Distribution and habitat

Russula nigricans appears in late summer and autumn in both deciduous and coniferous woodland across Britain, Northern Europe, and at least the East Coast of North America.[4]

Toxicity

The species contains toxins which could cause gastrointestinal upset.[5]

Similar species

Species that also bruise red then black include Russula acrifolia and R. dissimulans.[2]

Russula albonigra has closer gills and is far less common. It bruises directly to black, lacking the red intermediary phase.[1][3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Marcel Bon (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North Western Europe. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
  2. ^ a b c Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
  3. ^ a b c Roger Phillips (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. p. 47. ISBN 0-330-44237-6.
  4. ^ David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
  5. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Russula nigricans: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Russula nigricans, commonly known as the blackening brittlegill or blackening russula, is a gilled mushroom found in woodland in Europe. It gains both its common and scientific name from its propensity to turn black from cutting or bruising.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN
EOL is hosted by: