Lycodes polaris — Details

One of the most widespread, abundant, and northerly distributed eelpouts

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Tan body with 9-11 broad, brown or blackish brown bands extending onto dorsal and anal fins, bands not always well defined; some specimens rather pale overall; Chin crests well developed, rounded anteriorly; pectoral fin rays 15-17, rarely 18; scales usually absent; lateral line with mediolateral configuration

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Biology

Found on muddy bottoms (Ref. 4695). Buries into the mud tail first (Ref. 4695). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 4695); mainly of amphipods (Ref. 5951).

Andriashev, A.P. 1986 Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4695&speccode=479

Source: FishBase

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Distribution

Nearly circumpolar along Arctic coasts of Asia and North America. As far south as 47.7°N in Canadian Atlantic. North Pacific: northern part of Bering Sea

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Distribution

Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone [Arctic part], European waters (ERMS scope), Gulf of St. Lawrence, Hudson Strait, North West Atlantic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
Nozères C., Archambault D., Chouinard P.-M., Gauthier J., Miller R., Parent E., Schwab P., Savard L., and Dutil J.-D. 2010. Identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and sampling protocols used during trawl surveys between 2004 and 2008. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2866: xi + 243 p http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145051
Miller, Roberta. 2011. The St. Anne de Bellevue Arctic Biological Station Collection In Museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=150285
North/South Consultants 2006. Potential dispersal of aquatic invasive species into Hudson Bay from ballast water from ships travelling from ports in Europe and North America. A report prepared for Fisheries and Ocean Canada File No. F2408-050083 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=155160

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

Source: NatureServe

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Nearly circumpolar along Arctic coasts of Asia and North America. North Pacific: northern part of Bering Sea.

Andriashev, A.P. 1986 Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4695&speccode=479

Source: FishBase

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Physical Description

Morphology

Vertebrae: 90 - 93

Andriashev, A.P. 1986 Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4695&speccode=479

Source: FishBase

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Size

Maximum size: 250 mm TL

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Source: FishWise Professional

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Max. size

25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4695))

Andriashev, A.P. 1986 Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4695&speccode=479

Source: FishBase

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Diagnostic Description

Pelvic fins small (Ref. 4695). 9-11 light cross-bands separated by slightly broader dark bands; peritoneum light (Ref. 4695).

Andriashev, A.P. 1986 Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4695&speccode=479

Source: FishBase

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Ecology

Habitat

benthic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Habitat

Found on muddy bottoms.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Depth range based on 71 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 48 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 6.4 - 228
  Temperature range (°C): -1.581 - 5.657
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.475 - 25.116
  Salinity (PPS): 26.677 - 34.060
  Oxygen (ml/l): 5.113 - 8.638
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.646 - 2.356
  Silicate (umol/l): 4.092 - 50.028

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 6.4 - 228

Temperature range (°C): -1.581 - 5.657

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.475 - 25.116

Salinity (PPS): 26.677 - 34.060

Oxygen (ml/l): 5.113 - 8.638

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.646 - 2.356

Silicate (umol/l): 4.092 - 50.028

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

Public Domain

Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Habitat Type: Marine

Source: NatureServe

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Arctic faunal region; Benthic, at depths of 5-300 m, typically < 150 m; Found on mud and sandy mud bottoms; Lives in upper layers of sediment, burying itself tail first

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Environment

demersal; marine; depth range 5 - 300 m (Ref. 58426)

Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2004 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58426&speccode=10003

Source: FishBase

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Migration

Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).

Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.

Source: NatureServe

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Trophic Strategy

Found on muddy bottoms (Ref. 4695). Buries into the mud tail first (Ref. 4695). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on small benthic invertebrates (Ref. 4695).

Andriashev, A.P. 1986 Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4695&speccode=479

Source: FishBase

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Feeds predominantly on gammarid amphipods and polychaete worms; bivalve siphons, cumaceans, caprellids, isopods, mysids, shrimp, brittle stars, and Arctic cod also eaten; Eaten by seals and seabirds

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

Spawns on bottom in fall to early winter, releasing about 100-200 eggs, 3-5 mm in diameter; Lives 5 years or more

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Lycodes polaris

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 19 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

DSFAL521-09|RUSALCA09-37|Lycodes polaris| ------------------------------------------CTTTATCTAGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATAGTTGGCACAGCTCTA---AGCCTACTCATTCGAGCGGAGCTAAGCCAACCCGGCGCCCTCCTGGGGGAC---GACCAAATTTACAATGTCCTTGTTACAGCGCATGCGTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATTGGGGGTTTTGGAAACTGGCTCGTGCCCCTAATA---ATCGGGGCCCCGGACATGGCATTCCCCCGAATAAACAACATGAGCTTTTGACTCCTTCCCCCATCTTTTCTTCTCCTCCTTGCCTCTTCGGGGGTAGAGGCGGGTGCTGGGACAGGATGGACAGTTTACCCCCCTCTCTCTGGTAACTTAGCCCATGCAGGGGCCTCCGTTGATTTA---ACAATTTTCTCTCTCCACCTAGCAGGAATCTCTTCAATCCTCGGGGCAATTAATTTTATTACGACCATCATTAACATGAAGCCCCCTGCGATCTCTCAGTACCAGACGCCCCTCTTCGTCTGGTCCGTGCTCATTACGGCGGTCCTACTGCTCCTCTCTCTCCCCGTCCTTGCAGCC---GGAATTACCATGCTCCTGACAGATCGAAACCTTAATACCACCTTCTTCGACCCCGCCGGAGGAGGAGACCCCATCCTTTATCAACATCTG-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

Download FASTA File

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Lycodes polaris

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 19
Species: 30
Species With Barcodes: 1

Source: Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

Source: NatureServe

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NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked

Source: NatureServe

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Threats

Not Evaluated

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

Source: FishBase

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