Table of Contents
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Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
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Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5723&speccode=2590
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Distribution
National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
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Global Range: Lake Michigan drainage and Mississippi River basin from Pennsylvania and Michigan to Montana and south to Gulf; Gulf Slope drainages from Mobile Bay, Alabama, to Rio Grande, Texas and New Mexico; also in Mexico; introduced in Arizona impoundments; common (Page and Burr 1991).
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Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5723&speccode=2590
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Physical Description
Size
Max. size
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IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40637&speccode=943
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Hugg, D.O. 1996 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12193&speccode=3064
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat Type: Freshwater
Comments: Pools, oxbow lakes, and deeper waters of large rivers; sometimes in backwaters and mouths of smaller rivers; reservoirs and lakes. Prefers clean to moderately turbid, deep, warm waters (Sublette et al. 1990). In Texas, habitats with abundant aquatic vegetation and silt bottom were most productive (see Sublette et al. 1990). Spawns in quiet pools, backwaters, flooded marshes and meadows. Eggs sink and adhere to objects.
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Migration
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
May sometimes migrate up small streams to spawn (Becker 1983)
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Trophic Strategy
Comments: Feeds opportunistically on benthic organisms, animal and plant (Becker 1983). Major foods of young include cladocerans, copepods, and algae; adults eats various insects, crustaceans, mollusks, other invertebrates, algae, and plant material. Feeds primarily in shallow shoreline areas in reservoirs. (Sublette et al. 1990).
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
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Reproduction
Spawns in spring and summer, the date depending on locality. Eggs hatch in 1-2 weeks. Sexually mature in one to several years, at younger age in south than in north (Becker 1983).
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Ictiobus bubalus
There are 6 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Ictiobus bubalus
Public Records: 6
Species: 7
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
National NatureServe Conservation Status
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
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Threats
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
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International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590
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Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9988&speccode=2065
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Wikipedia
Ictiobus bubalus
The smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus) is a fish species found in the major tributaries and surrounding waters of the Mississippi River in the United States as well as some other water systems where it has been introduced.
References
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Names and Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Comments: Hybridization with Ictiobus cyprinellus has been reported (Lee et al. 1980). See Smith (1992) for a study of the phylogeny and biogeography of the Catostomidae.
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