Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, estuaries and mangroves, and occasionally in the surf (Ref. 57343). Young aggregate near river mouths (Ref. 57343). Common around islands (Ref. 9710). Nocturnal feeder, taking crustaceans, chaetognaths, plant material, and polychaetes (Ref. 57343). May have a prolonged spawning season (Ref. 57343).
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Motomura, H. 2004 Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 3:117p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 57343)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57343&speccode=340
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Distribution
Distribution
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA (rarely to North Carolina and Virginia) and Bermuda to Uruguay
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
Trusted
Distribution
FAO fishing area 21, FAO fishing area 31, FAO fishing area 37, Gulf of Mexico, North West Atlantic
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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
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Motomura, H. (2004). Threadfins of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. Family Polynemidae. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 3. Rome, FAO. 117 p., 151 figs, 6 pls.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=138595
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
Trusted
Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Salvador, Brazil. Reported to range to Uruguay (Ref. 9626). Not occurring in the northern and western Gulf of Mexico.
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Motomura, H. 2004 Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 3:117p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 57343)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57343&speccode=340
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 12 - 14
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Randall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13442&speccode=942
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Size
Max. size
33.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57343))
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Motomura, H. 2004 Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 3:117p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 57343)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57343&speccode=340
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Ecology
Habitat
Depth range based on 24 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 12 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.1 - 59
Temperature range (°C): 26.128 - 27.643
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 1.261
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.375
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.294 - 4.613
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.019 - 0.218
Silicate (umol/l): 2.033 - 4.128
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.1 - 59
Temperature range (°C): 26.128 - 27.643
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 1.261
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.375
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.294 - 4.613
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.019 - 0.218
Silicate (umol/l): 2.033 - 4.128
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 12 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0.1 - 59
Temperature range (°C): 26.128 - 27.643
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 1.261
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.375
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.294 - 4.613
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.019 - 0.218
Silicate (umol/l): 2.033 - 4.128
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 0.1 - 59
Temperature range (°C): 26.128 - 27.643
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.447 - 1.261
Salinity (PPS): 34.217 - 36.375
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.294 - 4.613
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.019 - 0.218
Silicate (umol/l): 2.033 - 4.128
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Environment
demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 55 m (Ref. 26912)
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Gines, H. and F. Cervigón 1967 Exploracion pesquera en las costas de Guyana y Surinam año 1967. Estacíon de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita. Fundacíon La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, no. 29. (Ref. 26912)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26912&speccode=345
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Trophic Strategy
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters, estuaries and mangroves, and occasionally in the surf (Ref. 57343). Young aggregate near river mouths (Ref. 57343). Common around islands (Ref. 9710). Nocturnal feeder, taking crustaceans, chaetognaths, plant material and polychaetes (Ref. 57343).
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Austin, H. and S. Austin 1971 The feeding habits of some juvenile marine fishes from the mangroves in western Puerto Rico. Caribb. J. Sci. 11(3-4):171-178. (Ref. 26987)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26987&speccode=1048
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Polydactylus virginicus
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Species: 17
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 0
Species: 17
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Conservation
Threats
Not Evaluated
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Importance
fisheries: minor commercial; price category: Incidental catch.; price reliability: very high
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Motomura, H. 2004 Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 3:117p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 57343)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57343&speccode=340
© WorldFish Center - FishBase
Source:
FishBase
Trusted
Disclaimer
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