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Vimba vimba — Details

Baltic Vimba learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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Inhabits brackish estuaries, large to medium rivers and some large subalpine lakes. Sedentary populations inhabit even in small rivers or barbel zone. Feeds mainly on small molluscs and insect larvae. Breeds in riffles in shallow, fast-flowing streams and rivers on gravel. Semi-anadromous populations forage in freshened parts of sea and migrate for long distances to spawn. Lacustrine populations move to fast-flowing tributaries. Spent adults return to foraging habitats (Ref. 59043). Threatened from its range due to water obstruction (Ref. 26100).

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland. 646 p. (Ref. 59043) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&speccode=231

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Distribution

Range Description

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Caspian, Black and Baltic Sea basins (Sweden and Finland north to 62-63°N), North Sea basin from Elbe to Ems drainages. In Finland restricted to coastal waters. In Black Sea basin, absent in Anatolia west of Çoruh drainage (eastern Anatolia). Extirpated in Crimea. Introduced in Rhine.

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Distribution

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Black Sea, Polish Exclusive Economic Zone

Kedra, M. (2010). A Checklist of marine species occurring in Polish marine waters, compiled in the framework of the PESI EU FP7 project. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149084
A.Boltachev & E. Karpova, IBSS NAS Ukraine http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149025

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Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Marmara and Baltic Sea basins (Sweden and Finland north to 63°N), North Sea basin from Elbe to Ems drainages. In Annatolia: in Marmara basin, south to Great Menderes and Lake Egridir and east to Kizilirmak drainage. Absent between Kizilirmak and Çoruh drainages. Extirpated in Crimea. Introduced in Rhine.

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland. 646 p. (Ref. 59043) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&speccode=231

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Physical Description

Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 16 - 22

Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&speccode=4683

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Size

Max. size

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50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 556)); max. published weight: 1,392 g (Ref. 35541); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 59043)

Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1968 Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=556&speccode=2066
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland. 646 p. (Ref. 59043) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&speccode=231
The Swedish National Association of Anglers 2000 ("Storfiskregistret", "Sötvattensrekord"). http://www.sportfiskarna.se/ (25 august 2000). (Ref. 35541) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35541&speccode=6375

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Diagnostic Description

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Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by the following characters: anal fin with 16-21½ branched rays; back keeled behind dorsal base; in spawning season, males blackish brown with orange cheek and sometimes belly (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 soft rays. Scalar formula: 49-64, 6-10 (Ref. 40476).

Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40476&speccode=4683

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Ecology

Habitat

Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

Habitat:
Brackish estuaries, large to medium rivers and some large subalpine lakes. Sedentary populations occur even in small rivers of barbel zone. Spawns on gravel in riffles in shallow, fast-flowing streams and rivers.

Biology:
Lives up to 15 years. Spawns for the first time at 3-5 years. Spawns in May-July (April in Terek and some subalpine lakes) when temperature rises above 15°C. Semi-anadromous populations forage in freshened parts of sea and undertake long distance spawning migrations. Lacustrine populations migrate to fast-flowing tributaries. In Dniepr and Kuban, spawning migration starts in September, decreases in winter and resumes in March-May. Individual females spawn several times during a period of 2-3 weeks. Usually spawns for several years. Spent adults return to foraging habitats. Feeds predominantly on small molluscs and insect larvae.

Systems

Freshwater

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Depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon.

Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Source: Ocean Biogeographic Information System

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Environment

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benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Migration

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Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Trophic Strategy

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Feeds on invertebrates and plants (Ref. 26100).

Billard, R. 1997 Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. (Ref. 30578) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30578&speccode=1696

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Life History and Behavior

Life Cycle

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Produces 15,000-20,000 eggs at the age of 6-7 years (Ref. 12259). Spawns for several years. Semi-anadromous populations undertake long distance spawning migrations while lacustrine populations migrate to fast-flowing tributaries. In Dniepr and Kuban, migration starts in September, decreases in winter and resumes in March-May (Ref. 59043).

Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9953&speccode=360

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Vimba vimba

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

There are 4 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

IFCZE001-10|IFCZE0002|Vimba vimba| ------------------------------------------CTTTATCTTGTATTTGGTGCCTGAGCCGGAATGGTGGGGACTGCCCTA---AGCCTCCTTATTCGGGCCGAACTAAGCCAACCCGGGTCACTTTTAGGCGAT---GATCAAATTTACAATGTCATCGTTACCGCCCACGCCTTCGTAATAATTTTCTTTATAGTAATGCCAATTCTTATTGGAGGGTTCGGAAACTGACTCGTCCCACTAATA---ATTGGTGCGCCTGATATAGCATTCCCACGAATAAATAACATAAGCTTTTGACTTCTACCCCCATCATTCCTACTACTATTAGCCTCTTCTGGTGTTGAAGCTGGTGCTGGGACAGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCACTTGCAGGCAATCTCGCCCATGCTGGCGCGTCAGTAGATTTA---ACAATCTTCTCCCTCCACCTAGCAGGTGTATCATCAATTTTAGGGGCAGTCAACTTCATTACCACAATCATTAACATGAAACCCCCAGCCATTTCCCAGTATCAAACACCCCTCTTTGTATGGGCCGTACTAGTAACAGCCGTCCTTCTCCTCCTATCATTACCAGTTTTAGCTGCC---GGAATTACAATACTTCTTACAGACCGTAATCTTAATACCACATTCTTCGACCCGGCAGGGGGAGGAGACCCAATCTTATATCAACACTTA-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- end --

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Vimba vimba

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Species: 9
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2008

Assessor/s

Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.

Reviewer/s

Bogutskaya, N., & Smith, K. (IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit)

Justification

A widespread species but semi-anadromous populations almost lost in Black Sea (due to damming in the 1950s and 1960s) and Baltic Sea (possibly due to pollution), and extirpated in the Crimea. However, overall the species is still widespread and has no major population decline or current major widespread threats.

History

1996

Lower Risk/least concern

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Trends

Population

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Population

semi-anadromous populations declined in the Baltic and Black Sea basins.

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

Threats

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Major Threats

Pollution is the possible reason for the population reduction of the semi-anadromous populations in the Baltic basin. Damming in the 1950s and 1960s in the Black Sea basin.

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

No information.

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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems

Benefits

Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&speccode=1255
International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4699&speccode=2590
Vostradovsky, J. 1973 Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9696&speccode=4604

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Wikipedia

Vimba vimba

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Vimba vimba, called also the vimba bream,^[1] vimba,^[1]zanthe,^[1] or zarte,^[2] is a European fish species in the Cyprinidae family.

Vimba vimba is distributed in fresh waters and in brackish estuaries of rivers draining to the Caspian Sea, Black Sea and Baltic Sea, and in the North Sea basin in the Elbe and Ems drainages. There are records from Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and Ukraine.

This species weight from 1 to 3 kg (2 to 6.5 pounds) and can grow up to 50 cm long.

The vimba is a semi-anadromous fish, which migrates from brackish water to rivers for spawning. Permanently fresh-water populations exist as well. In the Baltic Sea the species is distributed up to 62°-63° N in Sweden and Finland.

For instance, in Lithuania the fish leaves the Baltic in May and enters into the Nemunas River to spawn. The eggs are laid in shallow waters, which are usually in semi-fast moving parts of smaller tributaries. Every year there is a festival along the shore of the Nemunas to celebrate this fish.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Vimba vimba" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
^ Vimba vimba. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.(Downloaded on 18 April 2010)

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