Table of Contents
Overview
Comprehensive Description
Biology
Deep water species, associated with corals (Ref. 52034). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Distribution
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and the Red Sea to Japan and Lord Howe Island, Australia. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Range Description
H. kelloggi has a relatively wide range. It has been recorded from Zanzibar in Tanzania, Pakistan, India, and southeast Asia, and north to China and Japan. Specimens from Australia have been trawled from depths of 18–156 m, however, further research is required to determine whether these are H. kelloggi or a separate species (Lourie et al. 1999).
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Tanzania
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Anon. (2000). FishBase 2000 [CD-ROM]. ICLARM: Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 4 cd-roms pp.
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=6542
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World Register of Marine Species
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Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea.
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Western Pacific: Philippines to southern Japan.
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Physical Description
Morphology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 1719
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Size
Max. size
28.0 cm OT (male/unsexed; (Ref. 45091))
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Kuiter, R.H. 2000 Seahorses, pipefishes and their relatives: a comprehensive guide to Syngnathiformes. TMC Publishing, Chorleywood, England. (Ref. 45091)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45091&speccode=53814
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Diagnostic Description
Description: (based on 22 specimens): Adult height: 15.0-25.0cm. Rings: 11+40 (39-41). Snout length: 2.1 (2.0-2.3) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18 (17-19) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 18 (17-19). Coronet: high, with five short spines, and high plate in front of coronet.Spines: low and rounded, slightly better developed in younger specimens, but still blunt-tippedOther distinctive characters: long, slightly backwards pointing, rounded cheek spine; deep head; narrow body; thick body rings; prominent, rounded eye spine; thick snout.Color pattern: pale, often with tiny white spots running in vertical lines, but otherwise uniform in color.Young H. kelloggi look very similar to H. spinosissimus.
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Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&speccode=13100
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Ecology
Habitat
Environment
bathydemersal; non-migratory; marine; depth range ? - 120 m (Ref. 52034)
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Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent 2004 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65:1-61. (Ref. 52034)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52034&speccode=13100
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Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
This species may be particularly susceptible to declines. All seahorse species have vital parental care, and many species studied to date have high site fidelity (Parante et al. 2002, Vincent et al. in review), highly structured social behaviour (Vincent and Sadler 1995), and relatively sparse distributions (Lourie et al. 1999). The importance of life history parameters in determining response to exploitation has been demonstrated for a number of species (Jennings et al. 1998).
Systems
- Marine
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Depth range based on 3 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 84.2 - 139
Temperature range (°C): 24.022 - 25.857
Nitrate (umol/L): 3.610 - 7.089
Salinity (PPS): 34.451 - 34.546
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.436 - 4.008
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.392 - 0.683
Silicate (umol/l): 4.097 - 4.739
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 84.2 - 139
Temperature range (°C): 24.022 - 25.857
Nitrate (umol/L): 3.610 - 7.089
Salinity (PPS): 34.451 - 34.546
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.436 - 4.008
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.392 - 0.683
Silicate (umol/l): 4.097 - 4.739
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 84.2 - 139
Temperature range (°C): 24.022 - 25.857
Nitrate (umol/L): 3.610 - 7.089
Salinity (PPS): 34.451 - 34.546
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.436 - 4.008
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.392 - 0.683
Silicate (umol/l): 4.097 - 4.739
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 84.2 - 139
Temperature range (°C): 24.022 - 25.857
Nitrate (umol/L): 3.610 - 7.089
Salinity (PPS): 34.451 - 34.546
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.436 - 4.008
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.392 - 0.683
Silicate (umol/l): 4.097 - 4.739
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Male carries the eggs in a brood pouch (Ref. 205).
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Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&speccode=1256
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Hippocampus kelloggi
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Public Records: 3
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
DD
Data Deficient
Red List Criteria
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2002
Assessor/s
Project Seahorse
Reviewer/s
Lafrance, P., Lourie, S., Marsden, D. & Vincent, A.C.J. (Syngnathid Red List Authority)
Contributor/s
Justification
Data on this species are extremely limited. We know of no information on declines in numbers for the species or for any subpopulations. The species is targeted by compressor divers, but is rarely found (Lourie unpubl. data, Pajaro unpubl. data). It is also caught in trawls, but is again quite rare (Pajaro unpubl. data.).
Hipocampus kelloggi is heavily traded for traditional medicines and is also sold for aquaria and souvenirs. Trade in H. kellogi has been documented in Malaysia, India, Viet Nam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Hong Kong, China, and Singapore (Lourie unpubl. data, Pajaro unpubl. data, Parry unpubl. data). The demand for this species is high due to its large size, smooth texture, and pale complexion when dried (Lourie unpubl. data, Pajaro unpubl. data), all desirable qualities for traditional medicine purposes. However, the volume of this trade, and the proportion of the population that it represents, is unknown at this point.
Due to the wide area of occurrence of the species, we cannot yet infer a high level of threat to H. kelloggi.
Hipocampus kelloggi is heavily traded for traditional medicines and is also sold for aquaria and souvenirs. Trade in H. kellogi has been documented in Malaysia, India, Viet Nam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Hong Kong, China, and Singapore (Lourie unpubl. data, Pajaro unpubl. data, Parry unpubl. data). The demand for this species is high due to its large size, smooth texture, and pale complexion when dried (Lourie unpubl. data, Pajaro unpubl. data), all desirable qualities for traditional medicine purposes. However, the volume of this trade, and the proportion of the population that it represents, is unknown at this point.
Due to the wide area of occurrence of the species, we cannot yet infer a high level of threat to H. kelloggi.
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Trends
Population
Population Trend
Unknown
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Threats
Vulnerable (VU) (A2d+4d)
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IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073
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Major Threats
Hipocampus kelloggi is heavily traded for traditional medicines, and also sold for aquaria and souvenirs, but the volume of this trade, and the proportion of the population that it represents, is unknown at this point.
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
H. kelloggi is listed in the 1994 Viet Nam Red Data Book, although the accompanying image is of H. trimaculatus (Lourie et al. 1999). Australian populations have been protected under the Australian Wildlife Protection Act since 1998. The species is also listed under wildlife protection laws in the People's Republic of China (Lourie et al. 1999). It is listed on CITES Appendix II.
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Wikipedia
Great seahorse
The great seahorse, Kellogg's seahorse, or offshore seahorse (Hippocampus kelloggi) is a species of fish in the Syngnathidae family. It is found in possibly Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Tanzania, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is shallow seas.
Source
- Project Seahorse 2002. Hippocampus kelloggi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 4 August 2007.
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